自動(dòng)化專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯.doc

自動(dòng)化專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯學(xué)院（部）：專業(yè)班級： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)老師： 年 月 日安徽理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)FOREIGN LITERATUREAt present, the main control way in automation field are relay control, microcomputer control and PLC control. Compared with the relay control system and the microcomputer control system, the PLC control system has a series of advantages, such as little work load of designing, installing, wiring and debugging, short cycle of development of working environment and convenient maintenance. Meanwhile, the relay control system has already been few used on the machine control system is inferior in ability of anti-interference, high in requirement of working environment and long in design and developing cycle of the control system. So its application has being on defining trend in the automation control field by year.The electrical control system of z-3040 Radial arm drill has many defects such as complex circuit, high failure rate, large maintenance workload, poor reliability and flexibility. This paper introduces the z-3040 Radial arm drill relay contact analog control system reformation with PLC to guarantee the rapidity, accuracy and rationality of electric control system. It satisfied real production demand and enhance the economic benefit.The original was introduced initial controller of programmable distinguishing feature and performance. Analyses on z-3040s Radial arm drill technique property and the work cycle distance travelled by a stream of water base, expounded the initial controller of application ESs set programmable carrying on the technological transformation system design to such, and finish come out the control procedure trapezium picture.What is a PLC control system? Since the 1960s the United States to launch programmable logic controller (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) to replace conventional control devices since the relay, PLC has been rapid development in various parts of the world have been widely used. At the same time, PLCs function also improved. With computer technology, signal processing technology, control technology network technology development and user demand for continuous improvement, PLC in dealing with the volume switch on the basis of the increase in the amount of analog processing and motion control functions. Today, the PLC is no longer confined to the logic control, motion control, process control and other field has also played a very important role. Discrete control of the system as the preferred product, PLC in the twentieth century to the 1990s and 1980s, have achieved rapid development in the world of PLC to maintain an annual growth rate of 20% to 30%. With the factory automation and continuous improvement in the PLC and market base expansion in recent years in the PLC industry slowdown in the growth rate of developed countries. However, China and other developing countries in the PLCs growing very rapidly. Comprehensive information, in 2004 global sales of the PLC for about 10,000,000,000 U.S. dollars, in the field of automation plays a very important position.PLC touch by the imitation of the original relay control principle developed in the 1970s, only the PLC logic control switch, first of all applications in the automotive manufacturing industry. To the implementation of its store operations logic, the order of control, timing, counting and computing, and other operating instructions; and digital input and output operation to control all types of machinery and production process. The preparation of the user control procedures to express the production process requirements and advance into the PLC user program memory. Run-time by storing the contents one by one the implementation of procedures to complete the process required to operate. PLCs CPU instructions with step-by-step process to store the address of the program counter, running in the process, each step in the implementation of the automatic counter plus 1, step-by-step process from the start (zero-step number), followed by the final step to the implementation of the (usually END command), and then return to start step-by-step cycle of operation. Each PLC completed a cycle of the time required for the operation known as a scanning cycle. Different models of the PLC, scanning cycle to cycle in a microsecond between the scores of microseconds. PLC ladder program used in calculating logic, to show the advantages of quick, microsecond in the order of magnitude, calculating logic 1K procedures less than 1 ms. It all have input as a switch to handle the volume, 16-bit (also 32-bit) for a simulated traffic. PLC large-scale use of a CPU to complete the simulation of the amount of computing. The results sent to the PLC controller. The same I / O points system, with PLC than DCS, the cost should be lower (about 40% of the province to around). PLC special operation did not stop it with software and hardware are common, so maintenance costs much lower than the DCS. One of the PLC controller, you can receive thousands of I / O points (up to more than 8000 I / O). If the object is a chain of equipment, small loop, the PLC to adopt more appropriate. As a result of General PLC control software in the design of management information systems, to be easier. Over the past 10 years, with the PLC to lower prices and growing user demand, a growing number of small and medium-sized equipment to start using PLC control, PLC in China grew rapidly. With Chinas rapid economic development and the basis of the level of automation and continuous improvement in the next period of time in the PLC will continue to maintain our growth momentum. General PLC can be used in special equipment that it is an embedded controller, but in general the relative PLC and embedded controller to have higher reliability and better stability. Practical work encountered a number of users of the original use of embedded controllers are now being used or custom-General PLC to replace the embedded controller PLC.PLCcontrolsystemdesignmainpointIn the modernized industrial production equipment, has the massive digital quantity and the simulation quantity control device, for example the electrical machinery stops, solenoid valves make and break, the product counting, the temperature, the pressure, the current capacity hypothesis and the control and so on, in the industry scenes these automatic control question, the programmable controller (PLC) has become one of solution most effective tools. When PLC control system design should pay attention to the following several spots. one, programmable controller (PLC) and programmers selecting and purchasing: in the present markets PLC product is numerous, besides the domestically produced brand, the overseas brand includes: Japanese OMRON, MITSUBISHI, FUJI, IDEC, HITACHI, do Mutsuhito, Germanys Siemens, South Koreas LG and so on, how select and purchase the PLC product?1. The system first should determine that the system uses PLC with the PLC single plane control to form the network, from this calculates the input, the output (I/O) the points, and when selects and purchases PLC must in the actual need points foundation reserve 10% remainders. 2. The definite load type acts according to the PLC out-port to have the load is the concurrent or the exchange, is the big electric current or the undercurrent, as well as PLC output movement frequency and so on, thus determined that the out-port uses the relay to output the transistor to output, perhaps thruster output. The different load selects the different output mode to systems steady operation is very important. 3. The storage capacity and the instruction carry out the speed are the PLC shaping important targets, generally the reserves is bigger; the speed quicker PLC price to be higher, although overseas various factories product more or less the same, but also has certain difference.4. “COM choice, different PLC product, it COM a quantity is dissimilar, some COM belt 8 output spots, some belt 4 output spots, also has the belt 1 or 2 output spot. When the load type are many, and the electric current is big time, uses one COM a belt 1-2 output product, when the load type minority quantity are many, uses one COM a belt 4-8 output product. 5. Because each Manufacturers development software is different, the compatibility is also systematically selects and purchases when the key point, at present had not discovered that the completely compatible product, should select the PLC product reasonably according to the system. 6. Programmers selecting and purchasing: the PLC programming may adopt three ways: First, with the general handhold programmer, it can only use in the sentence table sentence programming which the factory stipulated. Center way easy scene debugging, and the volume small cost is low, but its efficiency low adaptation aircraft type are few, compared with is suitable is small in the system capacity, in amount used few systems. Second, the graph programmer programming, this way uses the graphic mode programming, facilitates intuitively, generally the electrical personnel short-term may apply freely, but the programmer price is high. Third, programs with IBM and the compatible personal computer +PLC software package, this way is the efficiency highest one way, is also the most commonly used one way, but the majority of software package price is expensive. 7. selects the big companys product as far as possible, because its product quality has the safeguard, and the technical support, the post-sale service is also generally good, will be advantageous in the later product expansion and the software and hardware promotion. Second, input, output circuits design 1. Power source return route. The PLC power supply is generally AC85-240V (also has DC24V), adapts the power source scope to be wide, but for the antigambling, should install the power source to purify the part (for example power source filter.1:1 insulating transformer and so on) on 2.PLC DC24V power sources use.On various companies PLC product has the DC24V power source generally, but this power source capacity is small, is several dozens mill amperes to several hundred mill amperes, with its belt load when should pay attention to the capacity, simultaneously completes against short circuit measure (, because this power sources overload or short circuit will affect PLC the movement). 3. Exterior DC24V power source. If the input circuit has the DC24V power supply proximity switch, the electro-optical switch and so on, but on the PLC DC24V power source capacity is insufficient time, must provide the DC24V power source from exterior; But this power source one the end do not one as well as COM looks carefully the company with the PLC DC24V power source, will otherwise affect PLC the movement. 4. input sensitivity. Each Manufacturer has the stipulation to the PLC input voltage and the electric current, when receivers input current is bigger than PLC the biggest input current or has leaks the electric current, will contain errors the movement, reduces the sensitivity. Therefore should be suitable the weak-current input and to leaks the electric current to take the protective measure, and selects the input to supply to leak input PLC. When the two types sensor (electro-optical switch, non-contact switch) have the LED limit switch, the input leakage is inoperable for lack has the wrong input or the lamp is bright, the countermeasure reduces the input impedance for the connection bleeder, the resistance number by Figure 1 equation development: when the transistor or the bidirectional silicon-controlled rectifier output, if receives big surge current on the equipment, must consider the protection transistor and the silicon-controlled rectifier. The transistor and the silicon-controlled rectifier may undergo the nominal current 10 times of surge currents, if surpasses, may according to Figure 2, chart 3 one reduce it: 5. Processes to the perceptual load. When input, output termination perceptual load, must in the load both sides parallel impact blanker or the diode, diodes negative pole and the voltageLeans extremely the connection. 6. The exterior interlock with earths using the PLC control electrical machinery when reverses and so on, the counter-movement, is avoids PC the unusual movement causing the accident and the machinery damage, should in exterior compose a chain-like return route. Earth: The GR post is the earth terminal. With prevents the induced electricity special-purpose to meet the grounding (the cross-sectional area 2mm2 above electric wire) to select the third earth method (earth resistance 100 below). LG is the noise filter neutral post, if has the disoperation greatly because of the noise, or to prevent the electric shock, LG and the GR pipe nipple, selects the third earth method. Meets the grounding the length in 20m for suitable. Meets the grounding to use in common with other equipment or can work just the opposite with buildings metal structure connection, comes under the bad influence. 7. PLC external drive electric circuit cannot lead the load directly regarding the PLC output in the situation, must in exterior use the driving circuit, may use the solid state relay or the thruster electric circuit actuates, simultaneously should use the protection circuit and the surge absorbing circuit. the other PLC input output wiring also has certain request, please refer to various companies instruction for use. First, the expansion module selects regarding the small system, like in 80 spot systems, do not need to expand generally; when the system is big, must expand. The different companys product, has the limit to the system total points and expansion module quantity, when expands still could not meet the needs, may use the network architecture. At the same time, some factory products individual instruction does not support the expansion module, therefore, when carries on the software to program must pay attention. When uses analog modules and so on temperature, various factories also have some stipulations, please refer to the correlation technique handbook.Second, PLC networks design, when carries on the network design with PLC, its difficulty controls the PLC single plane is much bigger than, first is elected with the quite familiar type, has the thorough understanding to its elementary instruction and the function command, and the instruction carries out the speed and the user program storage capacity should also the inquire closely. Otherwise cannot adapt the real-time request, creates the system collapse. Moreover to the correspondence connection, the communication protocol, the data transfer speed and so on must consider. Must seek the network design and the software support and the detailed technical data finally to the PLC factory, as for selects several workstations, decides according to the system size. Third, soft wares establish. Before compiling the software, should first be familiar with the PLC product instruction booklet which selects, after treating familiar, programs again. If uses the graph programmer or the software package programming, then may program directly, if with the hand-hold programmer programming, should draw the trapezoidal chart first, then the programming, may reduce like this makes a mistake, the speed is also quick, after forming completes, revolves spatially first, after treating each movement normally, then on the equipment debugs. The pulse quantitys control uses in step-by-stepping much the electrical machinery, the servo electrical machinerys angle control, the distance control, the position control and so on. The following is take step-by-steps the electrical machinery as regularly to show each control mode. 1, step-by-steps electrical machinerys angle control. Must first step-by-step explicitly electrical machinerys segmentation number, then the determination step-by-steps the total pulse number which the electrical machinery transfers needs. Computation “angle percentage = hypothesis angle /360 (i.e. a circle)” “an angle action pulse number = total pulse number * angle percentage.” the formula is: a angle action pulse number = total pulse number * (hypothesis angle /360). 2, step-by-steps electrical machinerys distance control. First is clear step-by-steps the total pulse number which the electrical machinery transfers needs. Then the determination step-by-steps the electrical machinery hoop diameter, the computation hoop perimeter. Calculates each pulsing operation distance. The last count hypothesis is away from the pulse number which must move. The formula is: the hypothesis is away from/(hoop diameter *3.14) from the pulse number = hypothesis/a total pulse number 3, to step-by-step electrical machinerys position control are the angle control and the distance control synthesis. The above is only the simple analysis step-by-steps electrical machinerys control mode, possible and actual has discrepancies, only for the fellow colleagues to refer. The servo electrical machinerys movement and step-by-steps electrical machinerys dissimilarity, but must consider that the servo electrical machinerys internal electronic gear compares and the servo electrical machinerys reduction gear ratio. Some matters said are quite simple, but the practical application had the difficulty. Asks everybody to comprehend truth in the actual work.11中文翻譯目前，在自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域主要的控制方式有繼電器、微機(jī)控制和PLC三種。由于PLC控制系統(tǒng)與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)及微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)相比，具有設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試工作量小，研制周期短，可靠性高，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，故障率低，對工作環(huán)境要求低，維護(hù)方便等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。而繼電器控制系統(tǒng)因技術(shù)性能差，功能單一，在機(jī)械控制系統(tǒng)中很少使用。微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)因抗干擾能力較差，對工作環(huán)境要求高，設(shè)計(jì)研制周期較PLC控制系統(tǒng)長，因此，在自動(dòng)化控制領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用呈逐年下降趨勢。隨著信息化產(chǎn)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展，數(shù)控機(jī)床的功能日趨完善，數(shù)控機(jī)床已經(jīng)完全取代了普通機(jī)床，而數(shù)控技術(shù)是機(jī)械加工自動(dòng)化的基礎(chǔ)，是數(shù)控機(jī)床的刻心技術(shù)，其水平高低關(guān)系到國家戰(zhàn)略地位和體現(xiàn)國家綜合實(shí)力的水平。今后數(shù)控技術(shù)又將向著高進(jìn)化，高速化，高效化，系統(tǒng)化，自動(dòng)化，智能化，集體化方向發(fā)展，并注重工藝適用性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。由于z-3040型搖臂鉆床的電氣控制系統(tǒng)存在線路復(fù)雜、故障率高、維護(hù)工作量大、可靠性低、靈活性差等缺點(diǎn),本