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天一文化教育集團銳志文化 2010年天一文化命題預(yù)測大串講考前密押 密押版 嚴禁轉(zhuǎn)讓、銷售，發(fā)現(xiàn)后追究責任！閱讀理解和完形填空部分(一)The rate of population growth is fastest in underdeveloped countries. In these countries a high birthrate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health. Ideally it should be possible to counter balance the effect of a reduced death rate by an increased use of family planning. In practice, however, population control is a complex matter. Throughout history people have determined the size of their families according to the cultural values of their societies. Population control has long been a subject of discussion among researchers. Some have argued that the supply of good land is limited. In order to feed a large population, bad land must be cultivated and the good land overworked. As a result, each person produces less in a given amount of time and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other researchers have argued that a large population gives more scope for the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. Similarly, it can be argued that the public costs of society will not be so heavy to each individual if they are shared among the members of a large population. One of the difficulties in implementing birth control lies in the fact that the official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country. In underdeveloped countries where a large population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate. In a welldeveloped society the problem may be more complex. A declining birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a shrinking market. Cities with a declining population may have to face the prospect of a shrinking tax base and a fall in land values. If there are fewer children going to school, teachers may be thrown out of work. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline. 1. One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that _.A. those countries encourage people to have large familiesB. people can get government support if they have more kidsC. improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatlyD. those countries have enough resources to support a large population 2. The writer suggests that policy makers should consider cultural values _.A. in carrying out family planning B. in producing birth control drugsC. in improving public health standards D. in introducing birth control techniques 3. A large population in an underdeveloped country may lead to _.A. a rise in work efficiency B. a shortage of farm workersC. a decline in grain production D. a reduction in average income 4. Some people believe that population control in developed countries may _.A. increase market demand B. lower unemployment rateC. slow down economic growth D. create more job opportunities 5. According to the writer, developed countries prefer _.A. a standstill population B. a fast increasing populationC. a slowly growing population D. a steadily decreasing population1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C（二）There are many shops in Singapore where customers still bargain, although prices are clearly shown on the goods. There is nothing out of the ordinary in haggling; some shopkeepers expect you to and will be surprised if you accept their prices immediately. We know that the prices in some stores are a bit higher than those in Change Alley, but we also realize that to keep a store like Robinsons is by no means cheap. Besides, in such places we shop in aircondition comfort. For all these, we pay a little extra. It is not always true to say that things in Change Alley cost less. I once bought a Czechoslovakian glass butterdish from Robinsons for a little under two dollars. I then went on to Change Alley and just by chance saw an article of the same shape, design and size, in one of the shops. I then asked about its price, and was surprised when the man demanded more than four dollars for it. “How much can you offer?” he shouted at me. I offered him exactly the same price I paid for the article and his reply was shockingly rude. I opened my bag, showed him my receipt, stared at him and walked out of his shop. A buyer in England expects to find the price of goods clearly shown, or, to be told exactly what the price is. He knows this is the lowest price that will be accepted. If he thinks the price is beyond what he can afford, he shrugs (聳肩) his shoulders and walks away. He does not attempt to bargain with the shopkeeper. Even if he showed annoyance or surprise, he would expect to be to that if the price was unacceptable, he should try elsewhere.1. The underlined word “haggling” (line 2, Para. 1) in the text most probably means _. A. accepting the prices immediately B. fixing the right cost for some goods C. arguing about the price of something D. paying extra for comfortable shopping2. We can learn from the text that Robinsons is a store which sells _. A. expensive goods B. airconditioners C. Czechoslovakian goods D. goods at a bargain price3. The writer asked about the price of a glass butterdish in Change Alley because he wanted to _. A. buy it at a lower price B. change his dish for something else C. find out if the shop assistant is polite D. compare the prices of the dish in two stores4. Which of the following words best describes tile feeling of a British customer when“he shrugs his shoulders and walks away” (line 3, Para. 3)? A. Frightened. B. Worded. C. Annoyed. D. Disappointed.5. What would probably happen if a customer does bargain with a shopkeeper in England? A. The customer would be advised to shop in other stores. B. The customer would get the goods at a lower price. C. They would discuss and then reach an agreement. D. They would quarrel about the price of the goods.1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A(三) Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers(生產(chǎn)商)have discovered by experience that sugar sells. Badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics(化妝品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology. Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive(刺激). For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and selfprotection. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bring red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.1. Our preferences for certain colors are _ according to the passage. A. associated with the time of the day B. dependent on our personalitiesC. are linked with our ancestors D. partly due to psychological factors2. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen? A. They breathe faster. B. They feel satisfied.C. Their blood pressure rises. D. Their hearts beat faster.3. Which of the following statements if NOT true according to the passage? A. Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of.B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.D. The psychology of color is of some practical use.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping.B. Dark blue bring people the feeling of being energetic.C. Primitive people associated heat and anger with red.D. Green and yellow are associated with calm and passive defense.5. Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Branch of Color Psychology B. Color and Its MeaningsC. The Practical Use of Color Psychology D. Color and Feelings1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D（四）In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.Firstly, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parentthe fixedline phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixedline phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their places of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are”. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text message to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a selfimage that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a selfconfident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and cameraphones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they_.A. arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on _.A.Talkers B. The speakeasy C. The spacemaker D. Texters3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are _.A. quite revealing B. well writtenC. unacceptable by others D. shocking to others 4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A. Talkers. B. The speakeasy. C. The spacemaker. D. Texters.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be _.A. The SMS EffectB. Cultural Implication of Mobile Phone UseC. Change in the Use of the Mobile PhoneD. Body Language and the Mobile Phone1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B(五) Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; selfexposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that youve been cheated.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Dianas funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers.But, being yourself doesnt work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious selfconsciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of “flow”, as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.1. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of _.A. their upbringing very early onB. their inability to appeal to the audienceC. their sense of greater public pressureD. their sense of greater humiliation2. “this” in Paragraph Two refers to _.A. insecurity B. sense of failure C. public speaking D. pressure3. Which of the following is NOT the authors viewpoint?A. Acting like performers spoils the message in a speech.B. Perfection of scripts is necessary in making good impressions.C. Acting naturally means less dependence on the prepared script.D. There should be a balance between actual acting and acting naturally.4. What is the authors view on personality?A. Personality is the key to success in public speaking.B. Extroverts are better public speakers.C. Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.D. Factors other than personality ensure better performance.5. The author implies that while speaking R. D. Laing _.A. was both too casual and authentic B. was acting like a performerC. was keeping a good balance D. was aware of his audience1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B (六)Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men, effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones, their success was attributed not to ability but to factors, such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight success was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight success. Why are attractive women I not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine(女性的) and an attractive man more masculine (男性的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required. This is true even in