Milton-and-Paradise-Lost彌爾頓與失樂(lè)園.ppt

IIOBJECTIVES A IntroductiontoJohnMiltonandhisworksB AboutParadiseLostC Studyofthetext1 ThemainideafromLine84toLine1242 KeypointsD DiscusstheimageofSatan E CommentonJohnMilton sliteraryachievements ParadiseLostandSatan F Assignment ITOPIC JohnMiltonandParadiseLost Excerpt JohnMilton Topic1 IntroductiontoJohnMilton MiltonisoneoftheveryfewtrulygreatEnglishwriterswhoisalsoaprominentfigureinpolitics andwhoisbothagreatpoetandanimportantprosewriter ThetwomostessentialthingstoberememberedabouthimarehisPuritanismandhisrepublicanism Miltonwrotemanydifferenttypesofpoetry Heisespeciallyagreatmasterofblankverse HelearnedmuchfromShakespeareandfirstusedblankverseinnon dramaticworks Miltonisagreatstylist Heisfamousforhisgrandstylenotedforitsdignityandpolish whichistheresultofhislife longclassicalandbiblicalstudy Miltonhasalwaysbeenadmiredforhissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression Inhislife Miltonshowshimselfarealrevolutionary amasterpoetandagreatprosewriter HefoughtforfreedominallaspectsasaChristianhumanist whilehisachievementsinliteraturemakehimtoweroveralltheotherEnglishwritersofhistimeandexertagreatinfluenceoverlaterones Belinskywrote ThepoetryofMiltonisobviouslytheproductofhisage hehimself withoutsuspectingthefact depictedinthepersonofhisproudandsomberSatananapotheosisofrebellionagainstauthority thoughhisintentionhadbeenquitedifferent JohnMilton sliteraryachievementscanbedividedintothreegroups theearlypoeticalworks themiddleprosepamphletsandthelastgreatpoems Milton sviewpoints1 Miltonisalliedtothehumanistsinhispassionatebeliefinfreewill hiszealforknowledge andhisrespectfortruth HewasgreatlyinfluencedbyclassicalGreekandLatinauthors Heespeciallyshowedhishumanisminthewayhehandledthescripturalmaterials Hebelievedtheycouldbeinterpretedbyindividualjudgmentandtreatedthemfreely Milton sGodrepresentsnotonlypowerandlove butalsotheruleofreasonintheuniverse themacrocosm andinthesoulofman microcosm HisemphasesonreligionandvirtueinthedisciplineofthemoraljudgmentconformedtothechiefendofChristianhumanism 2 Milton shumanismwascrossedbyarespectfortheconscienceactinginpursuingthosethingsthatitknewwereright Hewishedto contributetotheprogressofrealandsubstantialliberty whichistobesoughtfornotfromwithout butfromwithin Milton sworks 1 Lycidas 1637 LycidasisMilton sfirstattempttojustifythewaysofGodtohimselfandtomen ItwasanelegycomposedinhonorofafellowstudentofMilton satCambridge Thedrowningofavirtuousandpromisingyoungmanbroughthomethewholeenigmaoflifeanddeath oftherightnessofthingsinaworldwheresucheventscouldhappen LycidasisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthefinestelegiesinEnglish 2 ParadiseLost 1666 1667 ParadiseLost thegreatestpoembyMilton isalongnarrativeepicdividedinto12books Thestoriesofthepoemweredrawnfromthe Genesis oftheBibleandfromvariouselaboratorsoftheBible 3 ParadiseRegained 1671 ThecompanionepicofParadiseLost Paradiseregainedisafour book briefepic composedalsoinblankverse BasedlooselyontheGospels itshowsChristinthewildernesswithstandingSatan stemptations therebyprovinghisfitnessforultimatetrialand inhishumanrole showingwhathumankindmightachievethroughstrongintegrityandhumbleobediencetothedivinewill IthasallthefireofMilton sreligiousandmoralpassionandhisreverencefortrueheroism 4 SamsonAgonistes 1671 Composedpartlyinblankverseandpartlyinunrhymedchoricverseofvariedlinelength itdepictsSamson betrayedbyDalila Delilah andblindedbythePhilistines defeatinghiscaptorsatthecostofhislife MiltonemployedtheOldTestamentstorytoinspirethedefeatedEnglishPuritanswiththecouragetotriumphthroughsacrifice SpecialfeaturesofMilton sworks 1 Milton sstyleisdistinguishedbyitsrichandcomplextexture themultiplicityofitsclassical Biblicalandmythological reference itswealthofornamentanddecoration 2 Milton ssubjectsareloftyandmagnificent ThethemeofSamsonAgonistes theagonyandthefinaltriumphoftheblindedSamson istragicandsublime TheconflictbetweenSatanandGodinParadiseLostisonethatisbasictoallreligiousthought Topic2 AboutParadiseLost ParadiseLost thegreatestpoembyMilton isalongnarrativeepicdividedinto12books Thestoriesofthepoemweredrawnfromthe Genesis oftheBibleandfromvariouselaboratorsoftheBible Thepoemwasatriumphofsoaringimaginationandfar rangingintellectualgraspinhismostforcefulandexaltedstyle Theepiciscomposedinblankverse whichpermitsthenarrativesweepMiltonneededforhissubject Thegreatepic ParadiseLost whichresoundswiththegrandeurandmultiplicityoftheworld isalsoapoem thecentralactionsofwhichtakeplaceinwardly atthecoreofman sconscience Adam sfateculminatesinanactofpassivesuffering notofactiveheroism Hepicksuptheburdenofworldlyexistence andtriumphsoverhisguiltbyadmittingitandrepentingofit Beinganepic ParadiseLostundertakestoencompassthewholelifeofmankind war love hatred religion HeavenandHell Itisapoemvastlycapaciousofworldlyexperience Theme Itisthetragedyofthefallofman fromwhichChristredeemshim ThemainplotsofParadiseLost 1 Thecreationofuniverse2 TherebellioninHeavenofSatanandhisfellow angels 3 TheirdefeatandexpulsionfromHeaven 4 ThecreationoftheearthandofAdamandEve 5 Satan stemptationofEve 6 ThedepartureofAdamandEvefromEden Thepurposeoftheepic ItistojustifythewaysofGodtoman i e preachsubmissiontotheAlmighty But strangelyenough Miltonwasperpetuallyonthesideoftherebels thoughhisintentionhadbeenquitedifferent Stylisticfeaturesoftheepic 1 Theepiciscomposedinblankverse whichpermitsthenarrativesweepMiltonneededforhissubject 2 Thestyleisdistinguishedbyitsrichandcomplextexture themultiplicityofitsclassical Biblicalandmythological reference itswealthofornamentanddecoration 3 ParallelandcontrastThereis architecture inthecarefulparallelandcontrastofscene andinthehandleofmaterialconnectedwiththetheme Thecentralconflictandcontrastbetweengoodandevilarereflectedandintensifiedinthecontrastsbetweenheavenandhell lightanddarknessorderandchaos loveandhate humilityandpride reasonandpassion Inthecouncilinhell SatanalonevolunteersfortheperilousjourneytoearthtobringabouttheFallofMan inthecouncilinheaven theSonalonevolunteerstosufferonearthforman ssalvation Satanunloosesthedestructiveanarchyofwar theSoncreatestheworld WhenGodtriestobringgoodoutofevil Satan sangelswillpervertHisendsandbringeviloutofgood EveandAdamreenactthesinandfallofSatan 4 Milton sfrequentlyLatinatesyntaxanddictionmaybethismeansofachievingtheelevationrequiredbyaloftytheme Thismeansisintermixedwithpuresimplicity HisuseofLatinatesyntaxorstructureandhisfreedomintheplacingofphrasesandclausesgreatlyenlargeandenrichhisrangeofemphasisandhisuseofeconomy contrast suspension allthedevicesofforcefulutterance devicesoftenreallycolloquial 5 Otherfunctionalelementsofthegrandstyleincludehistoricalandmythologicalallusions theuseofspecificgeographicalnames whichgivesthepoemenormousscopeinspace periphrasisandepicsimiles Topic3 Studyofthetext 1 ThemainideafromLine84toLine124 SatanandotherangelsrebelagainstGod buttheyaredefeatedanddrivenfromHeavenintoHell SatanaddressestoBeelzebubaspeechofproudrebellion GodmayhaveprovedHimselfthestronger butSatanwillnotrepent norwillheceasetodefyGod Inspiteofthegreatlosstheyhavesuffered Satan sforcesarestillstrongandstillimmortal Andtheirexperiencehasmadethemwiser ThespeechofhisdefianceofGodmanifestshisegoisticpride hisfalseconceptionoffreedom andhisalienationfromallgood 2 Keypoints1 Ifthoube sthe Ifyouwerehe HereSatanistalkingtoBeelzebub hischieffollowerinrebellionagainstGod He referstoBeelzebubbeforehisfallfromheaven 2 howchanged Fromhim Him refersheretoBeelzebubbeforehisfallfromheavenwhenhewasyetanangelandhadnotjoinedSatan srebellionagainstGodandbeenthrownintothehell 3 whatiselsenottobeovercome whatelsedoesitmeannottobebeaten 4 Thatglory ThegloryofhearingSatanconfesshimselfovercome 5 sincebyfatethestrengthofgods substancecannotfail TheessenceofSatan sfaultishisclaimtothepositionofagod subjecttofatebuttonothingelse Hissubstanceisheavenly andcannotbedestroyed but ashelearnsinthepoem itcanbeconfoundedbyGod sgreaterpowerandweakenedbyitsowncorruptionandself contradiction fail perish 6 SolereigningholdsthetyrannyofHeaven Theaccusationisbold butoneoftheaimsofthepoemistoshowthatSatanisatyrantandGodisnot ThenexttwolinesstartthisdramaticprocessbysuggestingthatSatan sbraveexteriorismerelyafront Topic4 DiscusstheImageofSatan Satanisoneofthesupremefiguresinworldliterature Satanhas onasuperhumanscale thestrength thecourage andthecapacityforleadershipthatbelongtotheancientepichero butthesequalitiesareallpervertedinbeingdevotedtoevilandself aggrandizement InhisfirstgrandspeechtohislieutenantBeelzebub Satan sdefianceofGodmanifestshisegoisticpride hisfalseconceptionoffreedom andhisalienationfromallgood andhisotherpublicorationsreinforceandamplifyoursenseofpowerthatisreligiouslyandmorallycorruptandblind Againstthebackgroundofhell Satanmaintainsthefalsemagnificenceofhis heroic stature butoutsideofhellheloseseventhat InhissoliloquyaddressedtotheSun hereveals likeDr FaustusorMacbeth hisdespairingconsciousnessofhisownevilanddamnation aconsciousnessthatgiveshimpotentiallytragicdimensions ThusSatanandhisfellowsareenvelopedindramaticironybecause thoughthecorruptionofmanisachieved theyfightandschemeinignoranceoftheunshakablepowerofGodandgoodness AccordingtothelogicoftheargumentthatMiltongivesattheoutsetof ParadiseLost Satanisthespiritofevil Heisarebel aplotter Yetinspiteofhimself MiltonwasindeepsympathywithSatan Miltonwasarebeltoo challengingaliketheauthorityofKingandChurch resolvednottoreposeuponthefaithorjudgmentofothers and determinedtolayupasthebesttreasureofagoodoldage thehonestlibertyoffreespeech Topic5 CommentonJohnMilton sLiteraryAchievements JohnMiltonisaversatilewriter Hewrotesonnets elegies longnarrativepoems shortlyrics andproseworks Asamasterpoetandagreatprosewriter MiltonholdsanimportantplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature Milton sliteraryachievementsaredividedintothreegroups hisearlypoeticalworks middleprosepamphletsandlastgreatpoems Intheearlypoems Lycidas standsalone itisacollectionofelegieswrittentomourntheuntimelydeathofafriendofhiswhogotdrowned Whenhedevotedhimselftohisrevolutionaryworks Milton inhismiddleperiod stillfoundtimeforhiswriting Areopagitica agreatpleaforfreedomofthepressishismostmemorableprosework But Milton shighestachievementsweremadeinthefinalperiodofhiswritingcareer Inthelastperiod hewrotethreepoeticalworks ParadiseLost ParadiseRegained and SamsonAgonistes ParadiseRegained alongnarrativepoem tellshowman inthepersonofChrist withstandsthetempterandisestablishedoncemoreinthedivinefavor InSamsonAgonistes aversedramamodelledontheGreektragedy MiltonpresentstousapictureofhowSamson theIsrael smightychampion bringsdestructiondownupontheenemyatthecostofhisownlife ParadiseLost theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishsinceBeowulf isMilton shighestachievement ThepoemnarratestheprocessoftheFallofManandtracesitscausebacktoSatan Inthewriting Miltonsuccessfullyintroducesblankverseintoandmakesitanadmirabletoolfornon dramaticverse Topic5 CommentonParadiseLost Comment1 TheepicisthemasterpieceofJohnMilton ThestoryisdrawnfromtheOldTestamentoftheBible whichtellshowSatan afterbeingdefeatedinhisrebelagainstGod temptsAdamandEvetoeattheapplesfromtheForbiddenTree andcausestheFallofMan Satan intheimageofarebel stilldeterminestofightbackagainstGodwhenheandhisfe