2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語(全國卷1)及答案解析.doc

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語（全國卷1）及答案解析英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. Shes generous. B. Shes curious. C. Shes helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:304. How does the woman go to work?A. By car B. On foot C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分。滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8. What is the mam?A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours.12. Who is Alice going to call?A. Mike. B. Joan C. Catherine.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartmentB. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color. B. Its design. C. Its quality.15. What does the man say about the kitchen?A. Its a good size. B. Its newly painted. C. Its adequately equipped.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C. Make payment.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movie fans. B. News reporters. C. College students.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. Hes proud. B. Hes sympathetic. C. Hes grateful.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. How education shaped his life.B. How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.答案：1-5 BCCBA 6-10 BABCC 11-15 ABAAC 16-20 BCBCA第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié) (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mail as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras.C. Meals. D. Safety lights.此篇為有小標(biāo)題的應(yīng)用文，內(nèi)容為華盛頓四種騎車游的介紹，配備3道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，出題形式中規(guī)中矩，相對比較簡單。此類文章根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞仔細(xì)回原文尋找對應(yīng)即可。21. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問“哪一個騎車游需要提前預(yù)定”，根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容中的“Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear(在有效期和櫻花消失前預(yù)約)”可知應(yīng)選A。此題難點(diǎn)在于熟悉詞匯（in advance和reserve）。22. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問“首都騎車游中你能做什么”，根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks（知識豐富的向?qū)o你講關(guān)于總統(tǒng)、國會、紀(jì)念館還有公園的最有趣的故事）”可知應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)“聽有趣的故事”。23. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目問“以下哪一個是夜間騎車游提供的”，根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights（所有騎行者裝備反光背心和安全燈）”可知應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)。BGood Morning BritainsSusanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And theGood Morning Britainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, I4, Finn, 13. and Jack, 11 We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains, “I pay 5 is for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food. But sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series (系列節(jié)目)，Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVsSave Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expenses, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Faster special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for the discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less24. B.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處可定位至第一段her latest role，為各種家庭展示如何用比較少的預(yù)算去做既好吃又有營養(yǎng)的飯菜；A選項(xiàng)雖然提到Susanna和guest，但是embarrass偷換了原文的概念，可以排除；C選項(xiàng)無中生有；D選項(xiàng)原文中未提到她自己的家庭預(yù)算很緊張。25. C.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處定位至第二段with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under $5 per family a day.可知Matt在烹飪事物上幫助了Susanna。26. C.細(xì)節(jié)題，出處定位至Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是為讀者介紹了Save Money這個節(jié)目是怎么來的，即是背景信息，故選擇C項(xiàng)。27. D.主旨題，主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段，but后的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.可知答案D。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit (聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, anddominantlanguages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon (eight remaining Speaker), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark) none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at present? A. About 6800 B. About 3400 C. About 2400 D. About 120031. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution.28. B細(xì)節(jié)題。由hunter-gatherer times定位到第一自然段，根據(jù)when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them.可是當(dāng)時(shí)人少，但是語言很多。29. C.猜題題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分dominantlanguages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over,列舉的英語、西班牙語、中文等都是使用人數(shù)較多等語言，所以選擇powerful。30. B.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段At present, the world has about 6800 languages和Themedian number (中位數(shù)) of speakers is a were 6000 ,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.可知現(xiàn)在有3400種語言被少于6000人說。31. C.主旨題，根據(jù)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going .可知增加的語言少消失的語言多，且本文按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懽鳎v了隨著人類發(fā)展，很多語言消失。所以選擇C。DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（裝置）well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using. Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解決方案）? The teams date only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on demand environment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.32. A根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things.”可知，做同樣的事，舊的過時(shí)的裝置比新裝置消耗更多能源，對環(huán)境有害。通過對比可知，新裝置對環(huán)境有益，所以選A。B、C不對，D沒提到。33. D根據(jù)第二段第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using.”可知，Babbitt團(tuán)隊(duì)組織這個研究是為了弄清這些裝置使用多少能源，所以選D。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)why時(shí)，在原文中找to或because。34. B根據(jù)第二段“This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990sbefore tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.”可知，tablet便簽是最新出現(xiàn)的，又因?yàn)榈谝欢巫詈笠痪洹癟hats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things.”可知，新裝置比舊裝置消耗能源少，所以tablet消耗最少的能源，選B35. A根據(jù)最后一段“consumers replaced old products with new electronics”可知，文章建議人們用新裝置代替舊裝置，所以選A，停止使用舊裝置。第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36, color is the key to make a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37, they can get a little complex. But good news is that t