貓糧配方詳解.doc

美士成貓全效 Natural Choice Complete Care Adult成分表：Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Ground Rice（研碎白米）, Corn Gluten Meal（玉米麩粉）, Poultry Fat （禽類脂肪）(preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Dried Plain Beet Pulp（干甜菜漿）, Rice Flour（米粉）, Natural Flavors（天然調(diào)味）, Rice Protein Concentrate（濃縮大米蛋白）, Herring Meal（鯡魚(yú)粉）, Soybean Oil（大豆油）, Sunflower Oil（葵花籽油） (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Dried Vegetable Fiber（干蔬菜纖維） (Carrots, Celery, Beets, Parsley, Lettuce, Water Cress, Spinach), Yeast Culture, Potassium Chloride, Menhaden Fish Oil （鯡魚(yú)油）(preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Choline Chloride, Dried Egg Product（干蛋制品）, Taurine, DL-Methionine, Vitamin E Supplement, Zinc Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Inositol, Dried Bacillus licheniformis Fermentation Extract, Dried Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Extract, Ascorbic Acid (source of Vitamin C), Dried Chicory Root, Cranberry Powder, Niacin, Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Biotin, Riboflavin Supplement (source of Vitamin B2), Calcium Iodate, Vitamin A Supplement, Calcium Pantothenate, Sodium Selenite, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (source of Vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Thiamine Mononitrate (source of Vitamin B1), Vitamin D3 Supplement, Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex (source of Vitamin K activity)（VK3）, Folic Acid. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)分析保證值：蛋白33% 脂肪19% 纖維4%灰分6.75%水分10% 碳水化合物27%新版歐其斯 （成貓室內(nèi)配方）ORGANIX ADULT INDOOR FELINE FORMULAINGREDIENTS:Organic Chicken（有機(jī)雞）, Organic Peas（有機(jī)豌豆）, Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Organic Brown Rice（有機(jī)糙米）, Organic Barley（有機(jī)大麥）, Salmon Meal（三文魚(yú)粉）, Organic Flaxseed（有機(jī)亞麻籽）, Potato Protein（土豆蛋白）, Organic Chicken Fat Preserved with Mixed Tocopherols (a natural source of Vitamin E)（有機(jī)雞脂肪）, Powdered Cellulose（纖維素粉）, Natural Chicken Flavor（天然雞肉調(diào)味品）, Minerals (Zinc Proteinate, Iron Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Manganese Proteinate, Sodium Selenite, Calcium Iodate), Dried Egg Product（干蛋制品）, Salt, Choline Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Vitamins (Vitamin E Supplement, L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate, Niacin, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Folic Acid, Thiamine Mononitrate, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Vitamin D3 Supplement), Taurine, Yeast Culture (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae), Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product, Dried Aspergillus Niger Fermentation Extract, Dried Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Fermentation Extract, Dried Bacillus Subtilis, Fermentation Solubles, Rosemary Extract.營(yíng)養(yǎng)分析保證值：蛋白30%脂肪12%纖維6.5%灰分6.5% 水分10%牛油果成貓糧Select IngredientsChicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Ground Whole Corn（研碎全玉米）, Corn Gluten Meal（玉米麩粉）, Chicken Fat (Preserved with Mixed Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid)（雞脂肪）, Ground Whole Brown Rice（研碎全粒糙米）, Ground Whole Wheat（研碎全粒小麥）, Herring Meal（鯡魚(yú)粉）, Natural Flavor（天然調(diào)味）, Tomato Pomace（番茄渣）, Dried Chicken Liver（雞肝粉）, Dried Brewers Yeast, Dried Chicory Root, Avocado Oil（牛油果油）, Avocado Meal（牛油果肉粉）, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Taurine Supplement, Lecithin, Dried Yucca Schidigera, DL-Methionine, Dried Kelp, Vitamin A Acetate, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement (Source of Vitamin B2), Niacin, Choline Chloride, Calcium Pantothenate, Folic Acid, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Source of Vitamin B6), Thiamine Mononitrate (Source of Vitamin B1), Biotin, Ascorbic Acid (Source of Vitamin C), Zinc Polysaccharide Complex, Manganese Polysaccharide Complex, Iron Polysaccharide Complex, Copper Polysaccharide Complex, Cobalt Polysaccharide Complex, Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite.營(yíng)養(yǎng)分析保證值：蛋白32% 脂肪20% 纖維3% 灰分6% 水分10%雅思成貓糧 INGREDIENT Chicken（雞肉）, Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Whole Brown Rice（全粒糙米）, Pearled Barley（珍珠大麥）, Salmon（三文魚(yú)）, Chicken Fat (Preserved with Mixed Tocopherols)（雞脂肪）, Natural Chicken Flavor（天然雞肉調(diào)味品）, Flaxseed（亞麻籽）, Sodium Bisulfate, Salmon Oil (A Source of DHA)（三文魚(yú)油）, Salmon Meal（三文魚(yú)粉）, Potassium Chloride, Methionine, Choline Chloride, Taurine, Dried Chicory Root, Extract（？）, Zinc Proteinate, Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Manganese Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Zinc Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Vitamin A Supplement, Biotin, Potassium Iodide, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Manganous Oxide, Sodium Selenite, Vitamin D Supplement, Folic Acid, Kelp, Green Tea Extract（綠茶提取物）, Barley Grass Extract（貓草提取物）, Carrots, Peas, Apples, Tomatoes, Blueberries, Spinach, Cranberry Powder, Rosemary Extract, Parsley Flake, Yucca Schidigera Extract, L-carnitine, Enterococcus Faecieum, Lactobacillus Casei, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Saccharomyces Cerevesiae Fermentation Solubles, Dried Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract.蛋白30%脂肪20% 纖維3% 水分10%特別提醒：這個(gè)雅思，是雅思成貓糧的配方，跟舊的雅思全貓糧的配方不同，減少了蛋白質(zhì)來(lái)源的種類，加了兩個(gè)有意思的東西：綠茶和貓草。市場(chǎng)上有一種18KG裝的雅思，就是舊配方，這個(gè)舊配方08年中就在美國(guó)雅思的官網(wǎng)上消失了，而08年出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的這個(gè)18KG裝的舊配方，建議慎選。“雅思我對(duì)它的評(píng)價(jià)，一直是沒(méi)大缺點(diǎn)也沒(méi)大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，呵呵。不過(guò)我還是建議同學(xué)們買(mǎi)雅思的時(shí)候，選這個(gè)新的成貓配方，不要圖便宜選舊的18KG裝的那個(gè)配方，因?yàn)?8KG裝的那個(gè)，聞起來(lái)，那個(gè)腥臭味，比新配方要重很多的。脂肪的質(zhì)量，很重要的。有的同學(xué)們應(yīng)該能在我在成分表里看出，我特別強(qiáng)調(diào)肉類和脂肪的品質(zhì)的好壞，而淡化了谷物或無(wú)谷物的好壞?！眆romm三文魚(yú)配方Salmon（三文魚(yú)）, Salmon Meal（三文魚(yú)粉）, Pearled Barley（珍珠大麥）, White Rice（白米）, Sweet Potato（地瓜）, Whole Dried Egg（全干蛋）, Dried Tomato Pomace（干番茄渣）, Fish Broth（魚(yú)湯）, Salmon Oil (preserved with mixed tocopherols)（三文魚(yú)油）, Safflower Oil（紅花油）, Potato（土豆）, Flaxseed（亞麻籽）, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid)（雞脂肪）, Carrots, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Apples, Lecithin, Chicken Cartilage, DL-Methionine, Potassium Chloride, Cranberries, Blueberries, Salt, Chicory Root Extract, Alfalfa Sprouts, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Folic Acid, Parsley, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium Longum, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Enterococcous Faecium, Vitamin A, D3, E, B12 Supplements, Choline Bitartrate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Biotin, Zinc Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganous Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Cobalt Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Iron Proteinate, Zinc Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Manganese Proteinate, Sodium Selenite. 蛋白32% 脂肪15% 纖維3.5% 灰分6.5 水分10%FROMM的配方也是，成分上沒(méi)大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，沒(méi)大缺點(diǎn)。除了那個(gè)腐敗脂肪的味道之外，其它的也沒(méi)啥可說(shuō)的貼個(gè)BG的成分表上來(lái)吧，雖然比不上NOWBefore Grain ChickenIngredients:Chicken Deboned（去骨雞）, Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Potato Dehydrated（脫水土豆）, Turkey Meal（火雞肉粉）, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols a source of Natural Vitamin E)（雞脂肪）, Sweet Potato Dehydrated（脫水地瓜）, Dried Egg（干蛋）, Natural Flavor, Yeast Culture, Dicalcium Phosphate, Lysine, Sea Salt, Alfalfa, Salmon Oil（三文魚(yú)油）, Choline Chloride, Acai Berry Freeze-Dried, Blueberry Dried, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Rosemary Extract, Taurine, Zinc Amino Acid Complex, Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Chicory Root, Marigold Extract, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Enterococcus Faecium, Lactobacillus Casei, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Iron Amino Acid Complex, Vitamin E Supplement, Manganese Amino Acid Complex, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Copper Amino Acid Complex, d-Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin D3, Niacin, Lecithin, Riboflavin Supplement, Biotin, Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Cobalt Amino Acid Complex, Folic Acid, Thiamine Mononitrate, Sodium Selenite.蛋白36%脂肪18% 纖維3% 水分11%WELLNESS的雞肉配方(室內(nèi)糧)Deboned Chicken（脫骨雞）, Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Rice（大米）, Ground Barley（研碎大麥）, Ground Rice（研碎大米）, Whitefish Meal（白魚(yú)粉）, Natural Chicken Flavor（天然雞肉調(diào)味品）, Tomato Pomace（番茄渣）, Oat Fiber（燕麥纖維）, Chicken Liver（雞肝）, Chicken Fat (preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, a natural source of Vitamin E)（雞脂肪）, Cranberries（草莓）, Olive Oil（橄欖油）, Chicory Root Extract, Cranberry Extract Powder, Cranberry Fiber, Flaxseed（亞麻籽）, Potassium Chloride, Vitamins (Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Thiamine Mononitrate, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Beta Carotene, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D-3 Supplement, Folic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B-12 Supplement), Choline Chloride, Minerals (Zinc Proteinate, Zinc Sulfate, Iron Proteinate, Ferrous Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Copper Proteinate, Manganese Proteinate, Manganese Sulfate, Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite), Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Chondroitin Sulfate, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Dried Kelp, L-Carnitine, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Enterococcus Faecium, Lactobacillus Casei, Lactobacillus Acidophil us, Taurine, Rosemary Extract.雪山特級(jí)配方Chicken Meal（雞肉粉）, Chicken（雞肉）, Brown Rice（糙米）, Duck Meal（鴨肉粉）, Barley（大麥）, Oatmeal（燕麥）, Chicken Fat (Preserved With Natural Mixed Tocopherols)（雞脂肪）, Potatoes（土豆）, Carrots（胡蘿卜）, Lamb Meal（羊肉粉）, Salmon Meal（三文魚(yú)粉）, Canola Oil（芥花籽油）, Natural Flavor（天然調(diào)味）, Dried Egg（干蛋）, Brewers Yeast（啤酒酵母）, Whole Ground Flaxseed（全粒研碎亞麻籽）, Potassium Chloride, Choline Chloride, Taurine, Spinach, Parsley Flakes, Cranberries, L-Lysine, L-Carnitine, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Dried Kelp, Zinc Proteinate, Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Manganese Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Zinc Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B-1), Vitamin A Supplement, Biotin, Potassium Iodide, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B-6), Vitamin B-12 Supplement, Manganous Oxide, Sodium Selenite, Vitamin D-3 Supplement, Folic Acid.蛋白34% 脂肪18% 纖維3% 水分10%美國(guó)版的皇家I27 國(guó)內(nèi)買(mǎi)不到的，是天然糧哦Ingredients: Chicken meal（雞肉粉）, brown rice（糙米）, rice（大米）, corn（玉米）, corn gluten meal（玉米麩粉）, chicken fat（雞脂肪）, chicken（雞肉）, natural chicken flavor（天然雞肉調(diào)味品）, pea fiber（豌豆纖維）, rice flour（米粉）, rice hulls（稻殼）, wheat gluten（小麥麩）, dried beet pulp (sugar removed)（干甜菜漿）, soya oil（黃豆油）, sodium silico aluminate, dried brewers yeast, fructo-oligosaccharides, anchovy oil (source of EPA/DHA)（鳳尾魚(yú)油）, calcium sulfate, salt, potassium chloride, dried egg product（干蛋制品）, choline chloride, DL-methionine, taurine, Vitamins DL-alpha tocopherol acetate (source of vitamin E), L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), niacin supplement, biotin, riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplement, D-calcium pantothenate, vitamin A acetate, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), folic acid, vitamin B12 supplement, vitamin D3 supplement, sodium tripolyphosphate, tea (green tea extract), Trace Minerals zinc oxide, zinc proteinate, ferrous sulfate, manganese proteinate, copper proteinate, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, L-Carnitine, preserved with natural mixed tocopherols (source of vitamin E) and citric acid, rosemary extract. 奇怪了，臺(tái)灣過(guò)來(lái)的那個(gè)超貴的皇家，好像還是有肉類副產(chǎn)品、不明油脂和VK3啥的，怎么我找來(lái)的這個(gè)美國(guó)官網(wǎng)上的，成分表這么干凈。驚訝呀就是這個(gè)網(wǎng)站：http:/www.royalcanin.us/products/default.aspxGO!NATURAL 雞肉水果蔬菜配方（推薦?。㊣NGREDIENTSChicken Meal（雞肉粉）, de-boned Chicken（脫骨雞肉）, Whole Brown Rice（全粒糙米）, Whole White Rice（全粒白米）, Oatmeal（燕麥）, chicken Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols a source of vit. E)（雞脂肪）,Salmon Meal（三文魚(yú)粉）, Natural Chicken Flavor（天然雞肉調(diào)味）, Sunflower Oil（葵花籽油）, Rice Bran（米糠）, Dried Apples（干蘋(píng)果）, Dried Carrots（干胡蘿卜）, Potato（土豆）, Dried Cranberries（干草莓）, Flaxseed Oil（亞麻籽油）, Whole Dried Egg（全干蛋）, Salmon Oil (a natural source of DHA)（三文魚(yú)油）. Suncured Alfalfa meal（紫花苜蓿）, Phosphoric Acid, Potassium Chloride,Taurine,Vitamins ( Vitamin E , Vitamin C,Niacin, Inositol, Vitamin A, Thiamine Mononitrate, Ribolflavin, Beta Carotene, Vitamin D3, Folic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B12), Minerals ( Zinc Proteinate, Ferrous Sulfate,Zinc Oxide, Iron Proteinate,Copper Sulfate,Copper Proteinate, Manganese Proteinate, Manganous Oxide, Calcium Iodate,Sodium Selenite), DL Methionine, Chicory Root Extract, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Dried Rosemary. 蛋白32%脂肪20% 纖維3% 灰分5.9% 水分9%OMEGA-6 5.8% OMEGA-3 0.86%素力高羊肉配方全貓糧Lamb （羊肉）| Chicken Meal （雞肉粉）| Millet （小米）| Brown Rice （糙米）| Ocean Fish Meal （海洋魚(yú)肉粉）| Cracked Pearled Barley （碎珍珠大麥）| Canola Oil （芥花籽油）| Natural Flavor （天然調(diào)味）| Salmon Oil (source of DHA) （三文魚(yú)油）| Flaxseed （亞麻籽）| Potassium Chloride | Choline Chloride | Taurine | Dried Chicory Root （干菊苣根）| Amaranth （莧菜）| Parsley Flakes （歐芹）| Spearmint （荷蘭薄荷）| Almond Oil （杏仁油）| Sesame Oil （芝麻油）| Yucca Schidigera Extract （絲蘭提取物）| Kelp （海藻）| Thyme （百里香）| Blueberries （藍(lán)莓）| Cranberries （草莓）| Apples （蘋(píng)果）| Lentils （小扁豆）| Quinoa （藜麥）| Vitamin E Supplement | Iron Proteinate | Zinc Proteinate | Copper Proteinate | Ferrous Sulfate | Zinc Sulfate | Copper Sulfate | Potassium Iodide | Thiamine Mononitrate | Manganese Proteinate | Manganous Oxide | Ascorbic Acid | Vitamin A Supplement | Biotin | Calcium Panthothenate | Manganese Sulfate | Sodium Selenite | Pyridoxine Hydrochloride | Vitamin B12 Supplement | Riboflavin | Vitamin D Supplement | Folic Acid | 蛋白34% 脂肪12% 纖維4% 水分10%宜路成貓的配方Ingredients:Chicken, Chicken Meal, Ground Brown Rice, Corn Meal（玉米粉）, Corn Gluten Meal（玉米麩粉）, Chicken Fat (Preserved With Mixed Tocopherois), Natural Flavors, Dried Egg Product（干蛋制品）, Fish Meal, Brewers Dried Yeast, Potassium Chloride, Flaxseed, Canola Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Lecithin, Salt, Taurine, DL-methionine, L-lysine, Dried Skim Milk, Dried Kelp, Dried Cheese Products, Yucca Schidegera, Cranberries, Blueberries, Tomato, Carrots, Celery, Beets, Parsley, Lettuce, Spinach, Lactobaccillus Casei, Bifidobacterium Thermophilum, Enterococcus Faecium, Vitamins: Choline Chloride, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Calcium Pantothenate, Thiamine Mononitrate (Source of Vitamin B1), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Source of Vitamin B6), Riboflavin Supplement, Folic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Minerals: Zinc Polysaccharide Complex, Iron Polysaccharide Complex, Manganese Polysaccharide Complex and Copper Polysaccharide Complex, Zinc Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Calcium Iodate, Cobalt Carbonate, Sodium Selenite. 蛋白35% 脂肪18% 纖維4% 灰分6.5% 水分11%BY NATURAL 天然成貓糧Ingredients: Chicken Meal, Ground Barley, Chicken Fat (Stabilized with Mixed Tocopherols), Chicken, Chicken Livers, Ground Brown Rice, Flaxseed Meal, Ground Oats, Fish Meal, Tomato Pomace, Natural Flavors, Alfalfa Meal, Yeast Culture, Salt, Fish Oil, Taurine, Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Proteinate, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Blueberries, Cranberries, Dried Chicory Root, Raspberries, Turmeric, Niacin Supplement, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, dCalcium Pantothenate, Manganese Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Biotin, Sodium Selenite, Rosemary Extract, Dried Yeast Fermentation Solubles.蛋白33% 脂肪18% 纖維4% 灰分7% 水分10%BY NATURAL 有機(jī)雞肉全貓糧Ingredients: Organic Chicken, Chicken Meal, Organic Ground Barley, Organic Ground Oats, Organic Brown Rice, Fish Meal, Organic Chicken Hydrolysate, Organic Peas, Organic Flaxseed Meal, Natural Flavors, Chicken Fat (Stabilized with Mixed Tocopherols), Salt, Potassium Chloride, Taurine, Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Proteinate, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Organic Dried Tomatoes, Organic Cranberries, Organic Carrots, Organic Kelp, Organic Spinach, Dried Chicory Root, Turmeric, Niacin Supplement, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, d-Calcium Pantothenate, Manganese Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Biotin, Sodium Selenite, Rosemary Extract, Dried Yeast Fermentation Solubles.蛋白32% 脂肪12% 纖維4% 灰分7% 水分10%這個(gè)BYNATURAL有機(jī)貓糧配方上看比ORGANIX好些，低熱量配方1st choice 室內(nèi)短毛成貓配方Ingredients:Chicken, chicken meal, brown rice, brewers rice（釀酒米）, dried whole eggs, poultry meal（禽肉粉）, chicken fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), cellulose powder, dried beet pulp（干甜菜漿）, natural flavor, whole ground flaxseed, rice bran（米糠）, potassium chloride, tomato pomace（番茄渣）, lecithin, salmon oil (source of DHA), choline chloride, salt, calcium propionate, sodium bisulfate, L-Lysine, DL-methionine, mannan-oligosaccharides (prebiotics), taurine, biotin, L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fructo-oligosaccharides (prebiotics), iron sulfate, Dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E), zinc proteinate, iron proteinate, L-carnitine