初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)義.doc

中小學(xué)個(gè)性化輔導(dǎo)專家久久教育輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員編號：995503 年 級：新初三 課時(shí)進(jìn)度及課時(shí)數(shù)：04學(xué)員姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 授課教師：課 題初中英語動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)授課時(shí)間：11月14 日下午3：305：30備課時(shí)間： 11月10 日教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握英語的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)及考試要求常以單選題形式出現(xiàn)來考查時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)內(nèi)容1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于下面幾情況：1) 描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其重點(diǎn)不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。3) 陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。顧名思義，客觀的情況是沒有時(shí)間概念的；也不會(huì)在意動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出東方。The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4) 根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。隨堂檢測1. We often_(play) in the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. You _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school?5. Danny _(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?2、一般過去時(shí)主要是用來描述在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過去時(shí)間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。一般過去時(shí)由謂語動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，也就是說動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed（除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外）。常和一般過去時(shí)連用的過去時(shí)間狀語有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過去時(shí)，在某種意義上說就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。過去的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間以前的時(shí)間；二是指說話、寫文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。隨堂檢測( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 3、一般將來時(shí)主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的將來時(shí)間是指說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時(shí)間。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1）shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形這種表示方法是說，動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是純粹的將來動(dòng)作。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式這種表示方法主要是說明A）說話人的意圖、打算；B）某種可能性 。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。Who is going to speak first? 誰先發(fā)言？B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會(huì)幫我們收集資料嗎？3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況：按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般不會(huì)很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新橋三天后通車。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 這家工廠國慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移動(dòng)通訊工具都不得帶入考場。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你媽回來之前你不要出去。4) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（限于某些動(dòng)詞）表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。這種表示方法實(shí)際上已經(jīng)在上面一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之4）中談過。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飛機(jī)上午十一點(diǎn)起飛。隨堂檢測( ) 1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to beC. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2.Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt workingC. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3.He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; isC. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to haveC. will have D. is going to be( ) 5._ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be4、過去將來時(shí)表示過去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)將來時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到現(xiàn)在；而僅限于過去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)。由此可以看出，含這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子常帶一個(gè)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語。這個(gè)狀語或是一個(gè)短語，或是一個(gè)句子。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于：A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；C）表示過去情況中的愿望、傾向，多用于否定句。例如：A) She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會(huì)全在那兒。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。隨堂檢測1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來描述說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：1）說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學(xué)期論文。2）現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說話的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學(xué)英語六級考試作準(zhǔn)備。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所描述的情況。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are you feeling better today? （表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？隨堂檢測1. The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。由于它的定義是表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語。這個(gè)狀語可能是短語，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過上下文來表達(dá)這層意思。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中：1）表示在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行，所以，在這種情景中用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以給讀者一種動(dòng)感，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來，切斷了電源3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過去的未來時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。We left there when its getting dark. 天快黑的時(shí)候，我們離開了那兒。隨堂檢測1. While we _ _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ ran _ (run) up to us.2. I _ _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ came _ (come) in.3. Jim _ jumped _ (jump) on the bus as it _ _ (move) away.4. We _ _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ went _ (go) off.7、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示：A）在將來某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？ Ill be seeing off a friend .我要給一位朋友送行。B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：在這里，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣，而后者只表示動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來時(shí)間發(fā)生。We shall be meeting at the school gate .我們在校門口見面。What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？If you dont do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不這樣做就會(huì)面臨很大的困難。隨堂檢測1.What_ you_this time tomorrow?(將來某時(shí)正在做某事） A. willdo B. willhave done C. willbe done D. willbe doing2.The street lights_on when night falls.（表示對將來某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作的推斷）A will have gone B will have been going C will be going D will be gone3.Joe_the piano in a few minutes.（預(yù)計(jì)將來某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）A shall be played B will have been playing C shall be playing D will have played4. I _ my grandmother at three this afternoon.（同上）A shall be visiting B shall have visited C shall be visiting D will visit5.“Can you attend the party tonight?”（將來某時(shí)預(yù)計(jì)正在做某事）“No,_ the boss about something urgent.”A I see BI shall have seen CIll be seeing D I can see8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在帶來的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁。They have developed a new product .他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動(dòng)作She has been to the United States. 她已去美國了。You have grown much taller.你長高了許多。3）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語了。隨堂檢測1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 三、家庭作業(yè)( ) 6.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will gives B. will giveC. gives D. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?_. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent.C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8._ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there beC. There can be D. There are( ) 9. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will haveC. had D. would have( ) 10. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. gives B. gaveC. will give D. is going to giving用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： . 11.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 12.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 13.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music. 14. Its 5 oc