高一英語學(xué)案units 3-4.doc

高一英語學(xué)案Units 3-4 (B1)【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語1prefer的用法小結(jié)： （1）prefer常與介詞to連用，意思是“更喜歡；寧愿”，表示取前者舍后者。例如：Little Tom prefers coffee to tea. 小湯姆喜歡咖啡勝過茶。He preferred swimming to skating. 他喜歡游泳勝過滑冰。 （2）prefer后面接不定式時(shí)常與rather than 或者instead of連用，意思是“寧愿做某事而不做某事”，rather than后面的不定式可以加to，也可以省略。例如：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. 或者 He preferred to die instead of stealing.他寧愿死也不愿意去偷竊。I prefer to work rather than （to） sit idle. 我寧愿工作而不喜歡閑坐。2consider的用法小結(jié)： （1）consider可以表示“考慮；思考”的意思。后面可以接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如：I am considering going abroad. 我正在考慮出國。The court would not even consider his claim for the old mans legacy.法庭根本不會(huì)考慮他所提出的對(duì)老人遺產(chǎn)的要求。 （2）consider還可以表示“認(rèn)為；以為”的意思，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：consider somebody / something to be / to have done consider + n. + adj.consider + it + adj. / n. (+ to do / that clause)consider + that clauseI consider it a great honor. 我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我們認(rèn)為這不是司機(jī)的過錯(cuò)。He is considered to have broken the window. 有人認(rèn)為是他打碎了窗子。We all consider him loyal to friends. 我們都認(rèn)為他對(duì)朋友忠誠。I dont consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.我認(rèn)為今天下午天不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)晴。 （3）習(xí)慣用法：all things considered: 全面地考慮。在句中作狀語，用于概括或者總結(jié)。All things considered, our old car is no good, so we should buy a new one now.總的來說，我們的舊車已經(jīng)沒有用了，我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該買輛新的。 （4）considering：表示“鑒于，考慮到，顧及”的意思。例如：Considering how sick he is, he should go to see the doctor.鑒于他病得那樣厲害，他應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。3The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.英語中表示倍數(shù)的三種常用表達(dá)方式： （1）A is three(four, etc.) times bigger(higher, longer, wider, etc.) than B. 意思是：A比B 大（高、長、寬等）三（四）倍。例如：Their classroom is three times bigger than ours.他們的課室比我們的大三倍（是我們課室的四倍）。The Pearl River is five times longer than this one.珠江比這條河長五倍（是這條河的六倍）。 （2）A is three(four, etc.) times as big(high, long, wide, etc.) as B. 意思是“A的大小（高度，長度，寬度等）是B的三（四）倍”。例如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲的面積是歐洲的四倍。He is twice as tall as an ordinary man.他的高度是一個(gè)普通人的兩倍。 （3）A is three(four, etc) times the size(height, length, width, etc.) of B. 意思是“A的大小（高度、長度、寬度等是B的三（四）倍”。例如：The new building is four times the size of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大。This tree is twice the height of that one. 這棵樹是那棵樹的兩倍。二、詞義辨析1one 、the one 、that 、it的區(qū)別： （1）one用來代替前面提到的名詞，既可以指人由可以指物。用于泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an+名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。例如：I am looking for a house and I like one with a garden.我正在找房子，我喜歡一幢帶有花園的房子。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.我的帽子找不到了。我想我必須再買一頂了。There is a young man and some old ones in the house.這座房子里有一個(gè)年輕人和幾個(gè)老人。 （2）the one：用來代替同類事物中特指的另一個(gè)。例如：I like the recorder better than the one I bought last year.與去年我買的那個(gè)錄音機(jī)相比，我更喜歡這一個(gè)。（這時(shí)，the one 和that可以互換） （3）that表示與前面所指的名詞為同類，但不是同一個(gè)；而it所指的名詞為同一個(gè)。That既可以代替可數(shù)名詞，也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。例如：The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.中國的人口比世界上任何國家的都要多。I have a very good TV set. It is very large and beautiful.2take place, happen 與break out的區(qū)別： 這三個(gè)詞都是“發(fā)生”的意思，而且都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 （1）happen表示“（偶然）發(fā)生”，或者“碰巧做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的偶然性。例如： That accident happened at the corner. 那場(chǎng)事故發(fā)生在拐角處。 I happened to meet him in the street.？ =It happened that I met him in the street. 我偶然在街上遇到他。 （2）take place指“發(fā)生”，可以是有計(jì)劃地安排，也可以是無計(jì)劃或者安排。例如： When will the ceremony take place? 儀式什么時(shí)候舉行？A strong earthquake took place. 一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)烈地震發(fā)生了 （3）break out指“（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”。例如： The war broke out between the north and the south. 南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚附近發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。三、重點(diǎn)句型1Where would you prefer going? I would prefer to do something. I prefer to do something rather than do something. 這是動(dòng)詞prefer的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)，在使用時(shí)要把每一個(gè)搭配分清楚。2Is anybody seeing you off?這是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的句型。值得注意的是并非所有動(dòng)詞都可以用此結(jié)構(gòu)，常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go , leave, start, return, see, stay等等。3Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.此句中的before意思是“還沒有來得及就”，要注意before的中文翻譯。再如： Before I could get up from my bed, the general gave me a telephone call and told me to start at once.4It didnt take long before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.此句中的before意思是“不久以后就”；如果用肯定句，before的意思就會(huì)有大的變化。例如：It will take long before we can get the key.我們還要過很久才能拿到鑰匙。（before的意思是“要多長時(shí)間以后才”）四、語法復(fù)習(xí)（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法小結(jié)： 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：（1）表示說話人說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。 Wearewaitingforyou. 我們正在等你。 （2）表示習(xí)慣性的進(jìn)行，即表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Whiteiswritinghis new book. 懷特先生正在寫他的新書。(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) （3）表示動(dòng)作的漸變。常可以用此用法的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。 Theleavesareturninggreen. 樹葉正在變成綠色。 （4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 Youarealwayschangingyourmind. 你總是變來變?nèi)サ模貌欢ㄖ饕猓e is always bothering me. 他老是打擾我。 （5）某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以用來表示將來，意思是：意圖、打算、安排、常用來指人。常用詞為come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。 They are starting to learn English tomorrow.他們明天將開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。（一）定語從句復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分：1定語從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中起定語的作用，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)還可以修飾整個(gè)主句。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是代表人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 （1）who,whom,that代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞： Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語） （2）whose既可以指人又可以指物，只用作定語；若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換。例如： Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那個(gè)人的汽車壞了，他們都跑過去幫忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisred.請(qǐng)遞給我那本紅皮的書。 （3）which,that 所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在句中作主語） Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisvery heavy.你拿的包很重。(which/that在句中作賓語) 2關(guān)系代詞不能用that的情況 ： （1）在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。指人只能用who/whom/whose，指物只能用which/whose。例如：Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere. 這棵樹在這里很出名，它已經(jīng)有400年樹齡了。 The story, which my brother told yesterday, is very interesting. 我弟弟昨天講的那個(gè)故事很有趣。 （2）介詞后不能用that，指人只能用whom/whose，指物只能用which/whose。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood. 我們依靠土地來收獲糧食。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom. （當(dāng)介詞在句末時(shí)，that和which可以互換）3只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 （1）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。 Long long ago, there was a small village that was located at the foot of a mountain. 很久以前，有一個(gè)小小的村子坐落在山腳下。 （2）不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞的時(shí)候，只用that，不用which。 Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 （3）先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)，只用that。 The book is the only one that I can find in my house. 這本書是我在家里能夠找到的唯一的書。（4）先行詞中含有序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。. This is the best food that we can give you. 這是我們能給你們提供的最好的食物了。 This is the second time that I have told you to go away. 這已經(jīng)是我第二次讓你們走開了。（5）先行詞既有指人的詞，又有指物的詞時(shí)。 We talked about the things and persons that we remembered at that time. 我們談?wù)摿四菚r(shí)我們能夠記起的人和事?！究键c(diǎn)透視 考例精析】考點(diǎn) 考查 like與imagine的搭配。考例1 The boy likes _ himself a flyer and he is always imagining _ on the moon.A to imagine, to be B imagining, to beingCto imagine, being Dimagine, being解析 like 既可以接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作，也可以接動(dòng)名詞，表示一個(gè)一般性的動(dòng)作；但是imagine后只能接動(dòng)名詞，不能接不定式。所以答案為C?？键c(diǎn) 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法?？祭? Mydictionary_,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill _it. Ahaslost,dontfindBismissing,dontfindChaslost,haventfound DAhaslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfind ismissing,haventfound. 解析前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；由于至今還沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，因此第二句應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式形式可用于完成時(shí)。 拓展 注意：表示“某物丟失”時(shí)，有以下幾種表達(dá)方式： My dictionary is missing/lost/gone.考點(diǎn) 此題考查定語從句的用法?？祭? Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise. AitBthatCwhichDhe解析此句為非限定性定語從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后面的句子成為獨(dú)立的分句，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句不能單以逗號(hào)連接。且選he句意不通。 考點(diǎn) 此題考查條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)?！净A(chǔ)演練】一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。1During the summer v_, we went to the beach to have some leisure(休閑).2 The poor old man was bitten by a p_ snake and soon died.3 She met with many difficulties during her a_ to the South Pole.4 Seeing the famous film star was an u_ experience for me.5She was so thirsty that she s_ a whole bottle of milk.6 We _ （認(rèn)為） that the man standing there is his elder brother.7 The two principal political parties have _(聯(lián)合)to form a government.8. The floods were a _(災(zāi)難) in many parts of the world.990% of the houses in that area were _(毀掉) in the earthquake.10Ill have another _(機(jī)會(huì)) to visit the exhibition next year.二、單項(xiàng)填空：1Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood, _wasmorethanwecouldexpect.AwhatBwhichCthatDit 2 Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark. Athat BwhichCas Dit 3Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing. A as B before C since D when 4 _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. AThough BWhether CUntil D Unless5The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. Ato smell Bsmelling Csmell Dto be smelt6Now that she is out of work, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. Ahad considered Bhas been considering Cconsidered Dis going to consider7Alice returned from the managers office, _ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. Ahaving told Btells Cto tell Dtelling8My holiday wasnt of much _ to me. Aservice Bexperience Cbenefit Dtip9. Was it _ she said or something that she did _ you were angry at so much? Awhat, that Bthat, which Cthat, what Dwhat, which10If there were no hungry problem, the people of the world should have _ in their daily life. Aa much happier time Ba more happier time Cthe happier time Dmuch happiest time【能力拓展】閱讀理解： A lawyer friend of mine has devoted herself to the service of humanity. Her special area is “public interest law”. Many other lawyers serve only clients who can pay high fees. All lawyers have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they get. But what happens to people who need legal help and cannot pay these lawyers fees? Public interest lawyers fill this need. Patricia, like other public interest lawyers, gets less money than some lawyers. Because she is willing to take less money, her clients have the help they need, even if they can pay nothing at all. Some clients need legal help because stores have heated them with bad goods. Others are in unsafe houses. Their cases are called “civil” cases. Still others are criminals(刑事犯罪), and they go to those public interest lawyers who are in charge of “criminal” cases. These are just a few of the many situations in which the men and women who are publie interest lawyers serve to extend justice(伸張正義) throughout our society.1A person who needs