代詞-he-she-it-they-we及所有格.docx

一、代詞的分類代詞可以分為人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，疑問代詞，關(guān)系代詞，不定代詞，相互代詞這八類。二、人稱代詞就是表示“我，你，他，她，它，你們，他們”的詞。人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩類，有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。人稱代詞的形式如下： 人稱 第一人稱 （我，我們） 第二人稱 （你，你們） 第三人稱 （除我、我們、你、你們之外） 單復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格Meusyouyouhimheritthem1. 人稱代詞的用法（1）人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格做主語，賓格做賓語。如：Ilike table tennis. （做主語） Doyouknow him?（做賓語）（2）人稱代詞還可作表語。（做表語時(shí)用賓格的形式。）如： -Who is knocking at the door? -Itsme.（3）人稱代詞在 than 之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older thanme. He is older thanIam.（4）人稱代詞的順序。幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列做主語時(shí)，它們的順序是： 單數(shù)形式（二、三、一） you, he and I 復(fù)數(shù)形式（一、二、三） we, you and they注意：當(dāng)受到批評(píng)時(shí)或承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反，I 在最前，you 在最后。口訣：?jiǎn)螖?shù)二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)一、二、三，受到批評(píng)我在前，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤你在后。如：You, heandIare all the winners.I, Li leiandyouare wrong. We should do more for the project.2. it用法總結(jié)（1）作為人稱代詞，it 可以用來指東西、動(dòng)物、嬰兒和未確定身份的人。 Wheres my book? Have you seen it？ 我的書在哪里？你看見了沒有？ The dog is in the garden, isnt it? 狗在花園里，是吧？ 嬰兒哭了，因?yàn)樗?她餓了. (Someone is ringing.) -Whos it? （有人在按門鈴。）-誰呀？ -Its me. -是我（2）it 可以指上下文內(nèi)容。 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud. 2008 年將在北京舉行奧運(yùn)會(huì)。這使得中國人非常自豪。（3）it 表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等。 -What time is it now？ 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？ -Its half past nine. 九點(diǎn)半。 It is cold. 天氣冷。 公園到博物館大約是十公里。（4）it 用作形式主語或形式賓語。 Its very important for us to learn English well.（實(shí)際主語是to learn English well） 對(duì)我們來說，學(xué)好英語很重要。 I found it hard to fly a kite. （實(shí)際賓語是to fly a kite）我發(fā)現(xiàn)放風(fēng)箏很難。 備注：句型（可以用于作文中） Its adj. for/of sb. to do sth. Its time to do sth. Its time for sth. It seems that It ones turn to do sth. Its + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who/whom3. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（1）Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like( she ).（2）Could you help( I )?（3）( My ) cant get my kite.（4）Her bike is broken. Can( your ) mend it?.（5） I found( it )hard to fly a kite（6）Those( child ) are( I ) fathers students.（7）Do you know( it ) name?（8）I love（they）very much.三、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞，即“的”。物主代詞分別有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。物主代詞的形式如下： 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱 單復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs1. 物主代詞的用法（1）形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。如：Ourteacher is coming to see us. This isherpencil-box.（2）名詞性物主代詞常用來避免和前面已提及的名詞重復(fù)，其作用相當(dāng)于名詞，并且名詞性物主代詞 =“形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞”，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如： - Is this English-bookyours? （做表語） - No.Mineis in my bag.（做主語） Ive already finished my homework. Have you finishedyours? （做賓語）（3）名詞性物主代詞可以用在of 后做定語，相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格”表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 如： He is a friend ofmine. 他是我的一位朋友。2. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（1） Iateallsandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof? ( you )（2）Georgehaslost( his )pen.AskMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim. ( she )（3）JackhasadogandsohaveI.( he ) dogand( I )hadafight(打架).（4）Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof( he )（5）Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendofarecomingtoseeus. ( they )（6）WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof. (we )四、反身代詞表示“我（們）自己”、“你（們）自己”、“他/她/它（們）自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。反身代詞的形式如下： 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧記口訣：反身代詞構(gòu)成并不難，單數(shù)詞尾-self記心間。第三人稱賓格加在前，其余物主開頭用在先。復(fù)數(shù)形式如何變，f要用ves來替換。1. 反身代詞的用法反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語和同位語。（1）做賓語，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人或一些人。 He calledhimselfa writer. Would you please expressyourselfin English?（2）做表語。 It doesnt matter. Ill bemyselfsoon. The girl in the news ismyself.（3）做主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 Imyselfwashed the clothes( = I washed the clothes myself.)（做主語同位語） You should ask the teacherhimself.（做賓語同位語）（4）反身代詞常用的短語。 teach oneself 自學(xué) learn by oneself 自學(xué) help oneself to 隨便吃 enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩的高興 come to oneself 蘇醒2. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練12345五、指示代詞指示代詞是表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞例句 單數(shù) ThisThis girl is Mary. ThatThat is Mary. 復(fù)數(shù) TheseThese men are my teachers. ThoseThose are my teachers.1. 指示代詞的用法（1）this 和these 一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that 和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。如：Thisis a pen andthatis a pencil. We are busythesedays.（2）有時(shí)that 和those 指前面講到過的事物，this 和these 則是指下面將要講到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say isthis: pronunciation is very important in learning English（3）有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat 或those 代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good asthosemade in Shanghai（4）this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。如： Hello! This is Mary. IsthatJack speaking?2. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.A.onesB.thatC.thoseD.it2Look! Whats _ in the sky?It looks like a kite.A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.them3-Have you found your lost mobile phone?-No, I havent found _, but I bought_ this morning.A.one; thatB.that; oneC.it; oneD.one; it六、疑問代詞1. 疑問代詞及詞組疑問代詞有who, whom, whose, what 和which 等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如：疑問詞意思用法when什么時(shí)間問時(shí)間what time什么時(shí)間問具體時(shí)間，如幾點(diǎn)鐘who誰問人whose誰的問主人where在哪里問地點(diǎn)which哪一個(gè)問選擇why為什么問原因what什么問東西、事物what color什么顏色問顏色what about怎么樣問意見what day星期幾問星期幾what date什么日期問日期how怎么樣問情況how old多大年紀(jì)問年齡how many多少數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）問數(shù)量how much多少錢，多少數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞）問多少錢或數(shù)量（不可數(shù)）how about怎么樣問意見how often多久問頻率how long多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間問時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度how far多遠(yuǎn)問多遠(yuǎn)；多長(zhǎng)距離2. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1234七、連接代詞連接代詞： 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞。常用的有：what, which, who, whom, whose, that，它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z，表語，賓語，定語。如： Do you know who has won the Red Alert game? I dont know whom you should depend on? I knowwhathe said at the meeting. 問題是誰來修理它。 你能告訴我哪條路是去郵局的嗎？八、不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可做主語、表語、賓語和定語。不定代詞沒有確定的對(duì)象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。兩者三者都bothall都不neithernone或者（任一個(gè)）eitherany每一個(gè)each（2）every（3）注意（1）both 之后加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 + 謂語動(dòng)詞原形。（2）all 既可以加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以加不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞決定。（3）Neither / none of +名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 + 謂語動(dòng)詞三單。（4）Neithernor. 或 either or. 用就近原則。1. 常見不定代詞的用法（1）some 與any 的區(qū)別 some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞也可以接可數(shù)名詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. any 多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞也可接可數(shù)名詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. any 和 some 也可以做代詞用，表示“一些”。any 多用于疑問句，否定句和條件句中，some 多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. 如果你沒有錢，我可以借給你一些。注意：some 用于疑問句時(shí)，表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。 Would you likesomecoffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡嗎？（2）few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞含義fewLittle否定含義，沒有多少了a fewa little肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn) He has a few friends. 他有幾個(gè)朋友。 He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 There is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。1- What do you usually have for breakfast? - _milk and _ eggs.A.Little, a littleB.A few, fewC.A little, a fewD.A few, a little2- Would you like some tea?- Yes, just _.A.a fewB.fewC.a littleD.little bit（3）other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)別用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個(gè)（男孩）other (boys)其他（男孩）特定the other另一個(gè)the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個(gè)(男孩)the other (boys)其余那些(男孩) other 可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. other 也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the 連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one 搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. other 作代詞時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some 搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. “the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. another 可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”。 You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? another 也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.用any other, any others, the other, other填空。（1）He is taller thanstudent in his class.（2）He is taller thanin his class.（3）He is taller thanstudents in his class.（4）Some students like pop music whiledont in their school.（5）I want somebooks besides this dictionary.（4）every 與 each 的區(qū)別eachevery可單獨(dú)使用不可單獨(dú)使用可做代名詞、形容詞僅作形容詞著重“個(gè)別”著重“全體”，毫無例外用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè)人或物Each ofEvery one of The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different color.注意：當(dāng)我們說each child, each student 或each teacher 時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child 和every student 時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every 的意思與all 接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.（5）many與much的用法many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞 so, too, as, how連用。much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so, too, as, how連用。 There are too many mistakes in your exercises. He has got too much work to do.（6）復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing 等所組成的不定代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞包括something（某事物）, somebody（某人）, someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）, nothing（沒事物）, nobody（沒人）, no one（沒人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每個(gè)人）, everyone（每個(gè)人） 等十二個(gè)。這些復(fù)合代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。復(fù)合不定代詞的指代對(duì)象： 含-body 和-one 的復(fù)合代詞只用來指人，含-body 的復(fù)合不定代詞與含-one 的復(fù)合不定代詞在功能和 意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body 時(shí)顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one 時(shí)顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場(chǎng)合及書面語中。如： Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房間哭。 No one/Nobody is stupid. 沒有誰是愚蠢的。 含-thing 的復(fù)合不定代詞只用來指事物。如： Are you going to buy anything? 你會(huì)去買東西嗎？ I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只聽到了你的聲音。復(fù)合不定代詞的屬格： 含-one 和-body 等指人的復(fù)合代詞可有-s 屬格形式。如： Everybodys business is nobodys business. 大家的事情沒人管。 Is this anybodys seat? 這兒有人坐嗎？ 含-one 和-body 等指人的復(fù)合代詞后跟else 時(shí)，-s 屬格應(yīng)加在else之后。如： Can you remember