直接引語變間接引語語法解及專項練習.doc

直接引語變間接引語語法講解一. 直接引語和間接引語的定義 一字不改的引用或復述別人的話，被引用或復述的部分被稱為直接引語。直接引語一般置于引號之內（即前后加引號）其位置常在居委或句首，第一個單詞首字母必修大寫。 用自己的話轉述別人的話，被轉述的部分被稱為間接引語。間接引語通常在句中以賓語從句的形式出現。二. 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法人稱人稱變化可以遵循如下順口溜“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化，如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人“你”所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化，如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.三、時態(tài)直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態(tài)需要做相應的調整。其基本法則和賓語從句的時態(tài)變化一致，也就是說從句時態(tài)要和主句時態(tài)一致。如果從句是過去時，主句要向后退一格時態(tài)，變成一種過去時。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. （現在完成時 過去完成時）2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般現在時 一般過去時)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”She said he would go to see his friend. (一般將來時 過去將來時) 但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。 直接引語是客觀真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.三、其它直接引語變間接引語，具有指代性的詞也需要變化，一些具體變化如下：指示代詞 this -that these - those表示時間的詞 now - then today - that day this week(month, etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before yesterday afternoon-the afternoon before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地點的詞 here - there 動詞 bring - take come - go四、句型： 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。句中常用say， tell 等如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語如果是反義疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if（是否）引導的賓 語.句中常用ask從句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。句中常用ask He said ,”where was she goging?” he asked where she was going.She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）?！比纾?He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.時態(tài)的變化。從句謂語動詞時態(tài)變化如下表：直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時（不變）一般將來時過去將來時cancouldmaymightmusthad to直接引語變間接引語專項練習題將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.改寫句子（1）。1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” 2She said: “He will be busy.” 3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” 7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11He said, “We are still students. 12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” 14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. 16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” 19I said to him, “I have finished it.” 20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.” 21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother. 鞏固練習：1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car.改寫句子（2）。1.My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.she said.2.Wwe are going to study in Australia next month.they said.3.Im checking your homework now.his mother said.4.Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?the man asked the policeman5.Is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?he asked.6.Do you remember what your aunt told you last night?Li pings father asked him.7.Where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?he asked the conductor.8.How many car factories have been built in your country?he asked me.9.What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ?the teacher asked.10. Go to the front at once!the officer said to the soldiers.將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞(2).1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.【參考答案】將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if whether, before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if whether, I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if whether, that 附答案：改寫句子（1）。1 He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2 She said that he would be busy. 3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7 The mother asked Tom to get up early. 8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 9 My father said practice makes perfect. 10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 11 He said they are still students. 12 He told me that he was born in 1978. 13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy. 15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus. 16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 17 He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately. 18 She said he demanded that the girl leave at once. 19 I told him I had finished it. 20 She told us she would come here tomorrow 21 The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived. 22 The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition. 23 The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound. 24 Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening. 25 The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before. 鞏固練習答案：15DBDAB; 610CDBCC；1115BBAAD；1620BCACC改寫句子（2）。答案:1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day before .2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next month.3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.6.Li pings father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had told him the night before.7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a No.3 bus.8.He asked me how many car factories had been built in my country.9.The teacher ask