高考英語(yǔ)解題技技巧及例題.doc

第一部分 高中英語(yǔ)解題方法和技巧總論一、排除干擾法對(duì)于一些高考試題，可以根據(jù)題干中提供的信息，先把與句子意義和結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)關(guān)的或明顯不符合語(yǔ)境和邏輯的選項(xiàng)排除，最后就可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，選擇符合題意的正確答案?！纠纭?Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged . 江蘇卷Abeyond reach Bbeyond repair Cbeyond control Dbeyond description【巧解】B， 本題考查交際用語(yǔ)和介詞beyond的用法。題意為：“為什么你建議我們買一臺(tái)新機(jī)器呢?”“因?yàn)檫@臺(tái)舊的已經(jīng)壞掉了，無(wú)法修理了?！眀eyond reach“夠不著”；beyond control“控制不了”；beyond description “無(wú)法描述”。三者都不合題意，因而可以排除。本題要注意對(duì)句意的理解。出題者把介詞beyond放在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中考查了其作狀語(yǔ)的用法，提高了對(duì)句意理解的要求。2Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather 浙江卷Ain place of B. as well as Cexcept for D. in case of【巧解】C ， 本題考查的是詞組辨析。in place of “代替，取代”；as well as “又，也，還”；except for “除之外”，表示在說(shuō)明了基本（整體）情況之后，再對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明；in case of“萬(wàn)一，假使”。本句的意思是：除天氣之外，所有情況都非常適合野炊。從而排除A、B、D。在本句中，可以將“天氣”看成是“所有情況”當(dāng)中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，故選C項(xiàng)。3Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a new teacher. 安徽卷Ahow far Bhow soon C how often Dhow long【巧解】A.，本題考查四個(gè)副詞短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。How far有兩個(gè)用法，其一是用于對(duì)距離的提問(wèn)；其二是詢問(wèn)到什么程度或范圍。how soon詢問(wèn)多久以后；how often詢問(wèn)頻率；how long詢問(wèn)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。本題是說(shuō)學(xué)生們想知道他們與新來(lái)的教師會(huì)相處得如何，how far 表示程度，修飾go with a new teacher正好符合題意，從而排除B、C、D。在解此題時(shí)要注意四個(gè)近似副詞短詞之間用法的區(qū)別?！厩删殹?.The children went home from the grammar school, their lesson _for the day.A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished 2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was!上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene3.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. 陜西卷 :A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 二、句子分析法句子分析法就是對(duì)句子進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法分析,找出主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)等句子成分,分清主句,從句部分,把握句子主干,掌握主旨大意。因?yàn)楦呖荚囶}設(shè)疑方式越來(lái)越巧妙，一些重要的信息經(jīng)常隱含在題干中，這要求考生培養(yǎng)敏銳的觀察能力和細(xì)致的分析問(wèn)題的能力?！纠纭? .There is too much difficulty he thinks he will have _ the critical customers in the shopping center where hes working now .A. deal with B. dealing with C. to deal with D. to do with【巧解】通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知he thinks he will have . 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾的先行詞是difficulty。由此我們可以聯(lián)想句式sb. have/has difficulty in doing sth.，在本句中即he thinks he will have too much difficulty in dealing with the critical customers 這一定語(yǔ)從句。故該題選B。2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 【巧解】仔細(xì)分析本題的句子結(jié)構(gòu),不難看出考查的是主語(yǔ)從句，并且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此該題應(yīng)選A。3.I smell somethingin the kitchen. Can I Call you back in a minute ?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt【巧解】“感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形式要看其與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系；由題中something發(fā)出burn的動(dòng)作可知答案為 A?！厩删殹?. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working2Well never forget the important role he in international affairs when he was working in UNAplaying Bplayed Cacting Dacted3 .No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are known 三、結(jié)構(gòu)還原法正確分析、理解和把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用十分重要，否則就會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。一些試題設(shè)計(jì)巧妙，出題人可能會(huì)調(diào)整試題結(jié)構(gòu)，要么在句中加入插入語(yǔ)，要么用疑問(wèn)句、倒裝句、省略句、感嘆句等使簡(jiǎn)單句式復(fù)雜化，從而打破句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和平衡，以增加干擾；或者利用考生急于求成的心理，巧妙地將題目成立的條件前置以增強(qiáng)干擾性和迷惑性。做這類題目時(shí)可將句子按正常語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行還原，并通過(guò)分析主，謂，賓等成分來(lái)找出正確的選項(xiàng)【例如】1.For many cities in the world ,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.四川卷A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which【巧解】C.本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。從句還原后成為“New York is an example of many cities”,故選介詞of。 2.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ . 遼寧卷A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 【巧解】此題考查neither用于句首時(shí)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。either須和not搭配而neither本身就表示否定,用于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝。若用either, 還原后的句子應(yīng)該是“I wasnt happy, either”，故選B項(xiàng)。3.Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss ,not the workers. They just carried out the order_ . 福建卷A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told【巧解】考查省略和被動(dòng)形式。將該句補(bǔ)全進(jìn)行還原后的句子應(yīng)該是They just carried out the order as they were told,故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 【巧練】1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose to her?A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened2. It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth fist met Mr.Smith.全國(guó)卷II A. that B. how C.which D. when3. Hardly the papers on his desk when the door burst open.A. he collected B. he had collected C. did he collect D. had he collected 四、補(bǔ)全信息法在一些語(yǔ)境題中常常出現(xiàn)省略形式，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，這樣可以更簡(jiǎn)捷地表達(dá)語(yǔ)義，但是如果判斷失誤，會(huì)造成誤解。因此先把省略的部分信息進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充，然后再分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而全面正確地理解句子，選對(duì)正確答案。補(bǔ)全信息法是高考難題命制的一種常用手段。 【例如】1. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B.that C when D where【巧解】 C 本題考查名詞性從句的連詞區(qū)別。題干狀語(yǔ)含兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，由and 連接，其中第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句省略了連接詞that, 補(bǔ)全即為：Having checked that the doors were closed, 顯然后面and 連接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該與其一致，故一句用了that , 后一句也一樣。答案為C。2.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A .watered B. watering C .water D. to water【巧解】A 本題考查省略句型。根據(jù)題意可知本題省略了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be, 補(bǔ)全即為：unless they are watered . 其中flowers 與water 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，省略了they are 后，只有A 項(xiàng)是正確。3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom【巧解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后面為定語(yǔ)從句；又由主句中two people可推斷neither of whom正確。答案為A?！厩删殹?. I am caught smoking again?You ae sure to be punished.A. What for B. What if C. If only D. Only if2. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B that C when D where3.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day.A watered B watering C water D to water五、尋找標(biāo)志法尋找標(biāo)志法是指仔細(xì)分析題干，找出隱含于其中的重要信息。這些信息往往由一定的形式表示，如介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或它們?cè)诰渲兴幍奈恢玫?。這要求考生要有敏銳的觀察能力和細(xì)致分析問(wèn)題的能力。因此答題時(shí)必須注重對(duì)題干中隱性信息的捕捉?！纠纭?.Did you tidy your room?No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors.A. had B. have C. have had D. will have【巧解】“Did”和“was going to”標(biāo)志著是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。答案為A。2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left【巧解】By the time 引起從句時(shí)，主句需用完成時(shí)態(tài)，此處表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，所以用將來(lái)完時(shí)。答案：C.3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years.A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered【巧解】in/during the past years 所在的句子要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，substances 是“被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故用被動(dòng)形式?！厩删殹?.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now. A. hasnt turned B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up 2.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping3.Do you like traveling?Certainly. I to Belgium five months ago, but I anywhere ever since.A. went; didnt go B. have been; dont goC. had been ; havent D. went ;havent gone六、語(yǔ)境分析法【例如】 :1. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? 全國(guó)卷III_ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt【巧解】C.，本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。A 項(xiàng)意為“不得不”，B 項(xiàng)意為“不”；C 項(xiàng)意為“本打算做”；D 項(xiàng)意為“不愿意”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.可知我是本來(lái)打算去的，但想起來(lái)還有作業(yè)要做，顯然只有C 項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境要求。2. Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 山東卷 . _,Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more【巧解】B.，本題考查交際英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用。根據(jù)情景Ive been studying a lot and I need a break,可知我不是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間玩電腦,故只有B項(xiàng)符合情景。3.Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 全國(guó)卷I_.A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me【巧解】D.， 本題考查交際英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用。根據(jù)情景Can you read the sign, sir! No smoking allowed in the lift! 知對(duì)方是善意地提出批評(píng),顯然做錯(cuò)事后應(yīng)該道歉。A項(xiàng)意為沒(méi)關(guān)系 ;B項(xiàng)意為不客氣; C項(xiàng)意為當(dāng)然,我沒(méi)有抽,顯然是屬于狡辯;D 項(xiàng)意為對(duì)不起。因此,只有D項(xiàng)符合情景要求。【巧練】1We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for years.遼寧卷A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know2Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.重慶卷A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet3So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent .2008福建卷A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen七、情景交際法情景交際類試題，一般不涉及語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，但有它自己的語(yǔ)境，只要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境把說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣分析清楚，就不難選出正確答案?！纠纭?Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 浙江卷 .A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time【巧解】C.， 本題考查的是交際用語(yǔ)。Shall we go out for dinner tonight ? 實(shí)際上是一個(gè)提建議的句子，而不是一般的疑問(wèn)，這一點(diǎn)必須要特別引起注意。You are right“你是對(duì)的”; It must be funny“這肯定很有趣”; That sounds great“聽(tīng)起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)”;Have a nice time“（祝你）玩得愉快”。只有C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。2.Sorry, I made a mistake again._. Practice more and youll succeed.全國(guó)卷I A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Dont mention it【巧解】A.， Certainly not常用來(lái)回答別人問(wèn)是否介意的問(wèn)題；Not at all和Dont mention it用于別人致謝時(shí)代答語(yǔ)。只有Never mind符合語(yǔ)境。句意“對(duì)不起，我又出錯(cuò)了。”“沒(méi)關(guān)系，多練習(xí)，你就會(huì)成功的?！边@里考查別人致謝時(shí)如何安慰對(duì)方。3.I think youd better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it.Oh, dear!_ 江西卷A.Who cares? B.No problem. C.I dont mind at all D.Is it as bad as that?【巧解】D，.本題考查情景交際。由“我想你在Mr.Smith看到之前應(yīng)該把這封信再打印一次”“哦，真的嗎?_”可知對(duì)方對(duì)此不以為然。Is it as bad as that?(有那么遭嗎？)其中A項(xiàng)Who cares（誰(shuí)在乎？）不禮貌?！厩删殹?.Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?_A. Who are you ? B. Im Wang C. Speaking. D. Are you John2.Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 山東卷Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D I couldnt agree more3.一Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 全國(guó)卷IA. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me八、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)法【例如】1._ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn 【巧解】題意為：把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)小，嬰兒正在隔壁睡覺(jué)。破折號(hào)起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，相當(dāng)于“for the babys asleep ”,破折號(hào)前構(gòu)成祈使句Turn down the radio. 答案: B.2.Have you been to New Zealand? No, Id like to,_. A. too B. though C. yet D. either 【巧解】though 作副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“然而，可是”，用在句末，前面用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。A項(xiàng)不符合句意；C項(xiàng)不置于句末；D項(xiàng)用在否定句末表示“也不”。答案：B.3.Anyway, that evening, _Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which 【巧解】本題中的先行詞that evening 被逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)， 在從句中作介詞about 的賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，what 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。答案：D.【巧練】1.Ive never seen anyone run so fast _ David go.A.just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched2.They will fly to Washington ,_they plan to stay for two or three days.重慶卷A. where B. there C. which D. when3.You dont seem to be quite yourself today, Jim?Im suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,_.A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway九、分析對(duì)比法對(duì)所給試題的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析比較，弄清楚題干的真正意思，并對(duì)比分析所給的答案，然后聯(lián)系上下文句子的含義，進(jìn)而作出正確判斷?！纠纭?.Is Peter there?_,Please. Ill see if I can find him for you. 江蘇卷A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off【巧解】該題考查交際用語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞詞組的含義辨析。句意為：“彼特在嗎？”“請(qǐng)不要掛斷電話，我去看看能否找到他?！盚old on “繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持，不掛斷電話”。此處意為“別掛，等一等”，相當(dāng)于 hold the line。 hold up“舉起，豎起，支持，使停滯”；hold out“伸出，提出，支持，主張”；hold off“耽擱，不接近，離開(kāi)”。故選B項(xiàng)。2. Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German. 山東卷A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside【巧解】此題考查短語(yǔ)的用法。題意為：愛(ài)因斯坦很喜歡Bose的論文以至于他把自己的工作置于一旁，把它譯成德語(yǔ)。Set aside”不顧,把置于一旁”; give off “發(fā)出，放出”;turn down“拒絕”；take over“接收，接管”。故選D項(xiàng)。1. Dont be so discouraged. If you _such feelings, you will do better next time安徽卷A . carry on B. get back C .break down D. put away 【巧解】carry on “繼續(xù)”；get back “返回，取回，收回”；break down “破壞，損壞”；put away在此的意思是“打消，放棄，拋棄”。題意為：如果你放棄這種情緒，下次會(huì)做的更好。該題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在詞義上本身聯(lián)系不大，做題的關(guān)鍵是理解上下文?！厩删殹?.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _of desert_covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity;have2.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to b smell3.Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry, I am not sure.But it_be.A. might B. will C. must D. can 十、.對(duì)號(hào)入座法 將自己掌握的詞組意思與題干及選項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系對(duì)照分析，然后將各個(gè)選項(xiàng)直接代入空格處檢查，從而選出正確答案。這種方法適宜解答語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)類試題?！纠纭?.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. 寧夏卷A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up【巧解】句意為：簡(jiǎn)在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)五年后，在鄉(xiāng)村當(dāng)了一名醫(yī)生。Set out “出發(fā)，開(kāi)始”；take over“接收，接管”；take up“拿起，開(kāi)始從事”；set up“設(shè)立，豎立”。故只可選C才符合語(yǔ)境。2I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _ fine. 四川卷A. look out B stay up C. carry on D. get along【巧解】look out “小心，朝外看”；stay up“聳立，熬夜”；carry on“繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持” get along“與某人相處；進(jìn)展”。根據(jù)前文“我過(guò)去常與父母爭(zhēng)吵”可以推斷下文應(yīng)是“但現(xiàn)在我們相處得很好”，故只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3.Im still working on my project. Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _. 江蘇卷 A, running out B. going out C. giving out . D. losing out【巧解】依據(jù)前文談到“你即將錯(cuò)過(guò)最后期限”可知下文的意思是“時(shí)間即將用完”，run out 的意思是“用完；耗盡”。此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作馬上就要發(fā)生，故應(yīng)選A. go out “(燈)熄滅”give out “發(fā)出（熱，味）”lose out“輸給（to sb）”. 【巧練】1.I know a little about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A are going B had been C went D have been .2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A If B Since C Though D When3.How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _what we can do for you .A see B are seeing C have seen D will see 第二部分 快速巧記英語(yǔ)單詞第一節(jié) 記憶概述德國(guó)著名心理學(xué)家艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909)是揭示記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。他的記憶實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的數(shù)據(jù)如下：圖表1：記憶時(shí)間間隔與記憶量統(tǒng)計(jì)表時(shí)間間隔剛剛20分鐘1小時(shí)8-9小時(shí)1天2天6天1個(gè)月記憶量100%58.2%44.2%35.8%33.7%27.8%25.4%21.1%根據(jù)艾賓浩斯的遺忘曲線可知：遺忘從識(shí)記后便開(kāi)始；遺忘是有規(guī)律的；遺忘的進(jìn)程不是均衡的；先快后慢，先多后少，有意義記憶優(yōu)于無(wú)意義記憶；理解記憶優(yōu)于死記硬背。應(yīng)在第一次記憶后隔20分鐘記一次，第二天再記第三次，一周后再記第四次，一個(gè)月以后記憶第五次。具體做法就是：先規(guī)定自己一天背的詞匯的數(shù)量，然后在一天中每隔一段時(shí)間把這些詞匯通背一遍，相隔的時(shí)間不宜太短，背熟后隔幾天后再把這些背過(guò)一遍。如此循環(huán)下去，會(huì)收到很好的記憶效果。艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個(gè)無(wú)意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復(fù)16.5次；為了記住36個(gè)無(wú)意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩(shī)中的480個(gè)音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！第二節(jié) 單詞記憶的常用方法掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)一般要過(guò)“三關(guān)”（語(yǔ)音關(guān)、詞匯關(guān)、語(yǔ)法關(guān)）、斬“六將”（背、聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯）。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，掌握英語(yǔ)單詞是最難過(guò)的一關(guān)。英語(yǔ)的詞匯量大，總詞匯量至少在60萬(wàn)以上，實(shí)用詞匯量為8000-10000個(gè)，基本詞匯量為4000-6000個(gè)。因此，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，我們經(jīng)常遇到的某些廣告宣稱30天精通外語(yǔ)、三個(gè)月精通外語(yǔ)等等內(nèi)容，純屬無(wú)稽之談。一般的說(shuō)，掌握英語(yǔ)單詞沒(méi)有什么捷徑可走，但我們可以選擇一些有效的方法來(lái)降低記憶難度，增強(qiáng)記憶興趣，幫助記憶單詞。下面介紹幾種最常用的記憶英語(yǔ)單詞的方法。 一、運(yùn)用讀音規(guī)則記憶法利用英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)來(lái)識(shí)記單詞。國(guó)際音標(biāo)是標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)記英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)。如果熟悉并掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)、字母及字母組合的規(guī)則和不規(guī)則讀音、音節(jié)的劃分、語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)、朗讀等基本語(yǔ)音知識(shí),就可以根據(jù)它們來(lái)直接拼寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)單詞,尤其是一些比較長(zhǎng)又難于識(shí)記的單詞。例如：pronunciation (n./prnQnSieiSn/發(fā)音pro-nun-ci-a-tion)antidisestablishmentarianism (n. 反對(duì)教會(huì)與國(guó)家分開(kāi)學(xué)說(shuō)an- ti- dis- es- tab- lish- ment- ar- ian- ism) 就可根據(jù)其音標(biāo)來(lái)正確書(shū)寫(xiě)單詞。1、單詞的讀音與字母及其組合的發(fā)音之間又有著密切的聯(lián)系。例如：cow，how，now 等詞中的字母組合ow 都發(fā)/au/cake，these，five，note 等詞中的元音字母都發(fā)字母本音2、英語(yǔ)單詞之間有時(shí)候讀音完全相同或極為相似,這樣一來(lái),我們可以通過(guò)比較、觀察,找出它們的同異之處,來(lái)進(jìn)一步加深印象,增強(qiáng)記憶效果。例如:/tu:/-two,too,to /si:/-sea, see /fO:/-for, four /mi:t/-meet, meat /rait/-right，write 3、英語(yǔ)中有些單詞的讀音被直接替換成了漢語(yǔ)詞匯,這是因?yàn)槠鹣仍跐h語(yǔ)中還沒(méi)有跟這個(gè)單詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯,掌握音譯詞后,我們就很快根據(jù)讀音記住這個(gè)單詞了。例如: tank坦克，jeep吉普，jacket夾克衫，New York紐約4、把幾個(gè)字母看作一個(gè)來(lái)記。例如：“ight” light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight5、外舊內(nèi)新。例如：bridge “橋”看成 b+ridge“山脊” sharp 看成 s+harp harp “豎琴”6、外新內(nèi)舊。例如：cleave “劈開(kāi)”看成 c+leavecold “冷，感冒”看成 c+old“老的”因此，學(xué)生必須學(xué)會(huì)詳細(xì)地總結(jié)、熟記和使用字母及字母組合的讀音規(guī)則，學(xué)生一旦掌握了這個(gè)識(shí)記單詞的方法，記單詞時(shí)就不需要逐個(gè)字母地死記硬背。就可以節(jié)約大量的記詞時(shí)間，而且效果較為持久，既增強(qiáng)了興趣、信心，又增加了成功感，為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。【練習(xí)】請(qǐng)用拼讀規(guī)則記憶下面各個(gè)單詞。mild溫柔的,溫和的;素淡的adj.splendid輝煌的,壯麗的adj.clay粘土,陶土n.accuracy準(zhǔn)確,精確 n.ambulance救護(hù)車n.orchestra管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)n.systematic系統(tǒng)的;有計(jì)劃的adj.painter油漆工人;畫(huà)家 n.handsome英俊的,帥的adj.navy海軍 n.fascinating迷人的adj.scarcely僅僅;幾乎不 adv.neighbourhood鄰居關(guān)系;鄰近n.pardon原諒;赦免n.&v.criticize批評(píng);非難vt.deck甲板;一副(紙牌) n.flavour味道;滋味n.medal獎(jiǎng)?wù)?勛章;紀(jì)念章 n.diamond鉆石;鉆石飾品;菱形n.peaceful和平的,安祥的,寧?kù)o的adj.二、拼讀記憶法拼讀記憶法是根據(jù)單詞的實(shí)際讀音來(lái)直接拼讀的方法。這種方法與漢字讀音一樣，把英語(yǔ)單詞劃分為語(yǔ)流。這樣可以幫助大家來(lái)直接讀出單詞。1、語(yǔ)流的劃分：在漢語(yǔ)單詞中，“中國(guó)人”是由三個(gè)語(yǔ)流組成的，即“中”、“國(guó)”、“人”。在英語(yǔ)單詞中，我們也不妨借助這種漢字的語(yǔ)流分析法，在拼讀單詞劃分語(yǔ)流時(shí)，元音字母或元音字母組合可以獨(dú)立形成一個(gè)語(yǔ)流；而輔音字母或輔音字母組合只能和元音一起組成一個(gè)語(yǔ)流。例如：era，根據(jù)上面的方法，可以劃分出兩個(gè)語(yǔ)流，一個(gè)元是音e單獨(dú)構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)流/e/，另一個(gè)是輔音字母r和元音字母a一起構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)流/r/。comic含有兩個(gè)元音字母，o和i，可以劃出兩個(gè)語(yǔ)流，co-mic。connection可劃分為三個(gè)語(yǔ)流，con-nec-tion，因?yàn)閠ion是一個(gè)特殊組合，可以劃為一個(gè)語(yǔ)流。2、重音的確定：學(xué)習(xí)單詞的重讀，要想找準(zhǔn)重音，首先要?jiǎng)潓?duì)語(yǔ)流。當(dāng)語(yǔ)流找準(zhǔn)后，我們就可以找重音了。含有三個(gè)以上語(yǔ)流的單詞，其重音常放在倒數(shù)第三個(gè)語(yǔ)流上。例如： com-mo-di-ty mo-ra-li-ty in-dis-cri-mi-nate fan-ta-syir-re-co-ve-rable vo-ca-bu-la-ry en-ve-lope dis-co-ver當(dāng)然，不是所有的單詞都適用于這個(gè)規(guī)律，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)本身就不是特別有規(guī)律的語(yǔ)言。我們以后還會(huì)學(xué)到以特殊結(jié)尾的單詞的重音規(guī)律。 3、清輔音的濁化：按照英語(yǔ)讀音的習(xí)慣，在/s/音后的清輔音會(huì)讀成相應(yīng)的濁輔音，這就叫清輔音的濁化。例如：spy /spai/ /sbai/ spoon/spu:n /sbu:n/ star /sta:/ /sda:/ 4、提示：（1）當(dāng)單詞是以e結(jié)尾的時(shí)候（即開(kāi)音節(jié)詞），其中的元音字母發(fā)字母表里的音；也就是說(shuō)：（輔音）+ 單個(gè)元音( a/e/i/o/u ) + 單個(gè)輔音 + e 。例如：snake /sneik/ she /Si：/ hi /hi/ go /gu/ use /ju:s/（2）以一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的輔音字母結(jié)尾的時(shí)候（即重讀閉音節(jié)詞），其中的元音字母發(fā)相對(duì)短音。例如： snack /snk/ shop /SOp/ cut /kVt/ bed /bed/（3）wh-的讀音：當(dāng)wh-后面跟的是字母o的時(shí)候，wh-讀作/h/。例如：wholly，