江蘇省沭陽縣銀河學校八年級英語上冊《Unit 2 School Life》重點難點講解 牛津版.doc_第1頁
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江蘇省沭陽縣銀河學校八年級英語上冊unit 2 school life重點難點講解 牛津版language points 重點難點講解 1. school life學校生活life作“生活(狀態(tài))”“生計”解釋時,既可以作可數名詞,又可以作不可數名詞。如: we are living a happier life now. 我們現在過著更幸福的生活。 they lived a hard in the past. 過去他們過著艱苦的生活。life作“生命”解釋時,作不可數名詞。如: do you know how life began? 你知道生命是怎樣起源的嗎? they were signs of life in the forest. 森林中有過生命的跡象。life作“性命”解釋時,作可數名詞。如: many lives were lost in the fire. 許多人在火災中喪了命。 they gave their lives to the freedom of their people. 他們?yōu)槿嗣竦淖杂色I出了生命。life作“生物”“活的東西”解釋時,作不可數名詞。如:is there any life on the moon? 月球上有生命嗎?2. whats is school like? 上學是什么樣的?its like watching tv. 上學就像看電視。其中的like為介詞,意為“像”。如: whats a tornado like? 龍卷風是什么樣的? whats an earthquake like? 地震是什么樣的? its like being on a boat. 這就像在船上一樣。【注】like作動詞,意為“喜歡”,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語。請比較: i like watching tv. 我喜歡看電視. school is like watching tv. 上學就像看電視。3. its like watching tv, but there are fewer advertisements.上學就像看電視,但是廣告較少。此句是存在句,主語是advertisements, fewer是few的比較級,意為“更少的”,修飾可數名詞復數,不能修飾不可數名詞。如: i have fewer friends than he. 我的朋友比他的朋友少。 there are fewer books in your library than in ours. 你們圖書館的書比我們圖書館的書少.【注】不可數名詞前用little修飾,其比較級為less。如: you spend less time on chinese than i. 你在語文上花的時間比我少。 we have and less rain this year than last year. 今年的雨水比去年少。4. telling people about your ideal school. 與人們談談你理想的學校。ideal是形容詞作school的定語,意為“理想的”。ideal作形容詞,意為“理想的”“完美的”“很合適的”“空想的”。如: this is an ideal place for picnic. 這是一個野餐的理想場所。 this picture book is ideal for young children. 這本圖畫書很適合小孩閱讀。ideal作名詞,意為“理想”“典范”。如: ill try to realize my ideals. 我將努力實現我的理想。 charlie chaplin is the ideal of many actors. 查理卓別林是許多演員的典范?!咀ⅰ孔⒁馀cidea的區(qū)別。idea也作名詞,意為“概念”“思想”“想法”“信念”。如: whats the main idea of the passage? 文章的大意是什么? he came up with a bright idea. 他想出一個好主意。5. he asks the class 1, grade 8 students to match the words on the left with the words on the right. 他叫八年級一班的學生將左邊的單詞與右邊的單詞配對。其中狀語on the left和on the right是介詞短語,分別意為“在左邊”“在右邊”,在句中作定語。on表示“在上”,表示與物體表面有接觸。如:on the table在桌子上 on the ground 在地上on the road在路上on the wall 在墻上 on the river 在水面上【注】有時on也可表示在某一范圍里面。如:on the bus/train/plane在汽車/火車/飛機上in意為“在里”,表示空間。如:in the desk 在課桌里in the lake在湖水里in the wall在墻里in the world在世界范圍內at表示“在一個較小的地點”。如:at the bus stop在公交車站at the airport在飛機場at the school gate在校門口at 105 beijing road在北京路105號【注】用in和at表達的含義不同。如:ill wait for you in the post office. 我將在郵局里等你。ill wait for you at the post office. 我將在郵局那兒等你。6. i am in year 8 at woodland school near london. 我在倫敦附近的伍德蘭德學校讀八年級。 year 8意為“八年級”,是美國英語的表達,相當于英國英語中的grade 8,其中基數詞表達序數詞的概念。用序數詞表達為the eighth year或the english grade。由此可見用基數詞表達時不用冠詞,用序數詞表達要用定冠詞,用基數詞表達時數字在后,用序數詞表達時序數詞在前。又如:unit the school unit第二單元world war the second world war第二次世界大戰(zhàn)page 5the fifth page第五頁【注】在專有名詞中一般采用名詞加基數詞的形式。如:room 105 105房間flight 2218 2218次航班7. it is a mixed school. 這是一所男女混合的學校。其中mixed是mix的過去分詞,作school的前置定語。 mix作及物或不及物動詞,意為“攙和”“混合”“攪拌”等。如: oil and water will not mix. 油和水不能相融。 she does not mix freely with people. 她不隨便和人來往。 mix this oil with the paint. 把這油和漆攙在一起。mixed可作前置定語,意為“混合的”。如:mixed school男女混合的學校mixed doubles混合雙打mixed feelings復雜的感情【注】mix其他用法可參見第一單元中mix的講解。8. i like learning how to cook and sew. 我喜歡學習烹飪和做針線活。like作為動詞,意思是“喜歡”“中意”“愛好”等,通常用作及物動詞,有時也用作不及物動詞。like用作及物動詞時,其后面的賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式,也可以是動詞不定式短語。如: do you like the book? 你喜歡那本書嗎? he doesnt like it at all. 他根本就不喜歡它。like用作不及物動詞時,意思是“喜歡”“想要”。如: you may come whenever you like. 你想來就來。 may one eat chocolate whenever he or she likes? 一個人可以想什么時候吃巧克力就什么時候吃嗎?【注】like除了上述用法之外,還有“想(要)”的意思。如: we dont like to trouble you at all, actually. 其實,我們一點兒也不愿麻煩你。 who likes to go by himself in the evening? 今天晚上誰想單獨去?9. i did not know how to do things for myself before i came to this school. 在上這個學校之前我不知道怎樣獨立做事。for myself意為“我親自”“為我自己”“我獨自”,在句中作狀語。如: you may go and see for yourself you dont believe me. 如果你不相信我的話,你可以親自去看看。 dont easily follow others. youd better think for yourself. 別輕易學他人的樣,你自己最好考慮一下。by oneself意為“單獨地”;to oneself意為“獨用地”;of oneself意為“自動地”。如: the old man lives by himself. 那老漢一個人生活。 the door opens of itself. 門自動開。10. now, i know how to cook healthy and tasty meals. 現在我知道如何做健康美味的飯菜了。句中的形容詞tasty由taste去e加y構成,意為“美味的”,作定語或表語。如:the cake is tasty. the cake tastes good.the cake has a good taste.這蛋糕很好吃。the restaurant serves tasty food.the restaurant serves food good to eat.the restaurant serves food with a good taste.這家飯店供應美味的食物?!咀ⅰ縯aste也可作系動詞或及物動詞,作系動詞時,意為“嘗起來”,作及物動詞時,意為“嘗”,后接物價賓語。如: the apple tastes sour. 這蘋果嘗起來是酸的。 the cook tasted the dish and found it a bit salty. 廚師嘗了那盤菜,發(fā)現有點兒咸。11. we can even bring in books and magazines from home but we have to tell our english teacher what we are reading. 我們能把家里的書和雜志帶來,但我們得告訴我們的英語老師我們讀的內容。句中的bring in意為“帶到學校里來”,其中in是副詞。bring in在不同的句子里含有不同的意思。如: the farmers are bringing in rice. 那些農民正在收獲稻子。 the business brings in several thousand yuan. 那筆生意賺了幾千塊錢。what we are reading是一個名詞性從句,作tell的賓語,屬賓語從句,what引導賓語從句并在從句中作are reading的賓語。如: please tell me what you want. 請告訴我你需要什么。 can you tell me what you name is? 你能告訴我你叫什么名字嗎?【注】名詞性從句中應用陳述句語序,不用疑問句語序。如:錯誤:he asked me where does tom live. 正確:he asked me where tom lives. 他問我湯姆住在哪。12. the reading week is always too short because we want to read all our friends books as well. 閱讀周總是太短因為我們也想讀朋友們的書。句中的as well用在句尾意為“也”,等于too,通常只用于肯定句。如:they learn english and german, too.they learn english and german as well. 他們學英語也學德語。as well as意為“不但而且”“除也”,相當于besides。如: she cleaned her own room as well as/besides mine. 她除了打掃了我的房間也打掃了她自己的房間。 he speaks spanish as well as english. 他不但會講英語,也會講西班牙語?!咀ⅰ慨攁s well as連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的單復數形式根據as well as前面的那個主語決定。如:he as well as his parents is going to spend a holiday at the seaside.他還有他的父母將去海邊度假。as well as意為“與同樣好”。如:she cooks as well as her mother does. 她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。 13. now, he drives me to school every day. 現在他天天開車送我上學。句中的drive(過去式drove,過去分詞driven)意為“駕車”“開車”,可作及物或不及物動詞。drive作及物動詞或不及物動詞,意為“駕駛”“開車,作及物動詞時可接交通工作作賓語。如: they drove to the station. 他們開車到車站去。 who taught you to drive a car? 誰教你開汽車的?“drive sb.+副/介詞短語”意為“駕車載某人到某處”。如:can you drive me to the station?你開車送我云車站好嗎?drive還可表示“驅逐”“逼迫”等。如: let me drive you to work. 我開車送你上班。 i drove her out of my home. 我把她趕出了我家。14. i spend a lot of time practicing. 我花很多時間練習。句中practice作動詞,名詞也為practice,在英國英語中,practise作動詞。practice作不可數名詞,意為“實踐”“練習”。如: theory comes from practice. 理論來源于實踐。 he had much practice in playing tennis. 他在打網球上有過許多練習。當practice意為“慣例”“習俗”時,作可數名詞。如:taking a walk after supper is one of his usual practices.晚飯后散步是他的一個習慣性做法。practise可作及物或不及物動詞,意為“練習”。如: they often practice/practice speaking english among themselves. 他們經常相互間練習講英語。 you should practice more. 你應該多練習。15. i enjoy this a lot. 我非常喜歡這個。enjoy作“喜愛”“欣賞”解,為及物動詞,其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如: i enjoyed the movie. 我欣賞這部電影。 i enjoy my job. 我喜愛我的工作。enjoy oneselfhave a good time,意為“玩得愉快”“玩得高興”。如: did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚會上玩得愉快嗎? “goodbye, mother! i must be off!” “enjoy yourself!” “再見,媽媽!我得走了!”“祝你玩得高興!”16. she helps me learn all about my new school. 她幫助我了解我的新學校的一切。learn all about意為“對全面了解”。all根據需要可換用其他不定代詞。learn nothing about意為“對一無所知”。如:i learn nothing about him except that he is an american. 我對他一無所知只知道他是個美國人。learn little about意為“對了解很少”。如:he learned little about china before he came to china. 在來中國之前他對中國了解很少。learn less about意為“對了解更少”。如:i learn less about the school than lily. 我對該校了解得比莉莉少。learn a little/something about意為“對有所了解”。如:they learned a little/something about the accident. 他們對事故有些了解。learn much about意為“對了解很多”。如:the foreigner learns much about beijing. 那個外國人對北京了解得很多。learn everything about意為“對了如指掌”。如:we are good friends and we learn everything about each other.我們是好朋友,我們互相之間什么都清楚。learn most about意為“對了解得最多”。如:he learns most about suzhou in our class. 在我們班他對蘇州了解得最多。 17. julie is my hero. 朱莉是我的偶像。句中的hero作可數名詞,復數形式為heroes,它指“英雄”“(故事、電影、小說中的)主人翁,男主角”。如: who is the hero of the story? 誰是故事的男主人翁? tell me something about the hero of the film. 告訴我一些有關電影中男主人翁的情況?!咀ⅰ颗⑿?,女主角為heroine。18. during lunching, i meet my friends and we always have a great time talking to each other. 在午飯時我和朋友見面,我們總是在一起談得很開心。句中的have a great time talking意為“在交談中過得很快樂”。have atime + doing意為“在干某事中過得”。如: we had a wonderful time staying with you. 和你在一起我們過得非常快樂。 mr and mrs brown had a hard/difficult time bringing up the four children. 把四個孩子撫養(yǎng)大,布朗夫婦日子過得很艱難。19. sometimes, we go to shopping malls after school. 有時我們放學后到購物中心去。sometimes是副詞,意為“有時”,通常用于非正式場合,既可用于現在時態(tài)的句子中,也可用于過去時態(tài)的句子中。如: sometimes, we work at weekends. 有時候我們周天也要工作。 sometimes he walks to work. 有時候他走著去上班。sometime是副詞,意為“曾經”“改日”,指一個不確定的時間,通常用于過去時態(tài)或將來時態(tài)的句子中,但不適用于現在時態(tài)。如: he visited us sometime in 2003. 他曾在二三年的某一天來看過我們。 well go to see you sometime this autumn. 今年秋天,我們將抽時間去看您。some time是個詞組,意為“一段時間”,其中some為形容詞,time為名詞。some time只能和延續(xù)性動詞搭配使用。如: please give me some time to look for it. 請給我點兒時間找找它。 we will stay here for some time. 我們會在這兒待一段時間。some time意為“幾次”,其中time不表示“時間”,而是指“次數”。如:i called you some times yesterday, but there was no reply.昨天我給你打了幾次電話,但是都沒有接。20. it means someone you admire very much. 這意思是指某個你非常崇拜的人。句中的admire作及物動詞,意為“欽佩”“贊美”。如: visitors to england usually admire our policeman.來英國的游客通常都欽佩我們的警察。 he drove the car and admired the beauty of nature. 他開車去觀賞大自然的美。admiration是admire的名詞,通常作不可數名詞。如: he speaks english so well that his friends are filled with admiration. 他英語說得好極了,他的朋友對他充滿了欽佩。 my admiration for your good memory is great. 我對你非凡的記憶力非常欽佩。21. students must not talk in class during the reading week. 在閱讀周學生們課上決不準談話。must作情態(tài)動詞,must not意為“絕不可以”“不準”。must意為“必須”,表示主觀上認為需要干某事。如: i must study a foreign language well. 我必須學好一門外語。 one must do ones bit for ones country. 一個人必須為國家盡自己的一份力?!咀ⅰ繉ust引導的疑問句的否定回答應該用neednt或dont have to?!咀ⅰ縨ust有時意為“偏偏”,表示講話者不滿的情結。如: must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出這么多的噪音嗎?must not或mustnt意為“絕不可以”“不準”,表示講話者不允許對方干某事。如: you must not come home late again. 你絕不可以再晚回家。 he must not copy others exercises. 他絕不可以抄別人的作業(yè)。must用于肯定句,表示肯定推測。如: he must be a teacher. 他肯定是個老師。 this must be your pen. 這肯定是你的鋼筆。unit 2 school life(2)課文講解一、language points 重點難點講1daniel wants to learn more about the subjects that british students study. 丹尼爾想了解更多有關英國學生所學的課程的情況。句中的study為及物動詞,它的賓語是引導定語從句的關系代詞that.study作及物動詞或不及物動詞,意為“學習”“研究”。如: all of then study hard.他們大家都努力學習。 they are studying the beginning of life.他們正研究生命的起源。 study 也可作名詞,意為“研究”“學習”“書房”。如: they are making a study of ufo.他們正在對不明飛行物進行研究。 how are you getting on with your studies ?你的學習情況如何?learn 作“學習”解時,一般指學習、學會較簡單的東西,后接動詞不定式作賓語。作“明白”解時,可接從句作賓語。learn of /about 意為“了解”“聽說”。如: they are learning some new words. 他們在學一些新單詞。 we are learning to drive/how to drive. 我們在學開車。聽到他逝世的消息我們很傷心。注在表示“學習科目”的兩詞可換用。如:he learns /studies english. 他學英語。2john wrote back and attached some pictures to his e-mail.約翰回復了并把一些照片粘貼到了電子郵件上。attach 作及物或不及物動詞,意為“附上”“加上”“貼上”,常與介詞to連用。如: the man attached labels to the case. 那人將標簽貼在箱子上。 ha attached a photo to the letter .他隨信附上了一張照片。 attach 也可表示“參加”“加入”,相當于join.如: i got lost so i attached myself to another party of tourists.我迷路了,所以只好加入另一個旅行團。 be attached to 意為“深愛”“依戀于”。如: he is greatly attached to his teaching work.他深愛他的教學工作。3 millie has more flowers than amy.米莉比艾米的花多。morethan用于比較數量,意為“比多”。more是many或much的比較級,后可接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞。如:tom studies more subjects than peter 湯姆學的科目比彼得多。 we join more clubs than tom and hank. 我們加入的俱樂部經湯姆和漢克多。4daniel has fewer cds than kitty.丹尼爾的cd沒有凱蒂的多其中fewer是few的比較級,修飾可數名詞復數。 few意為“很少”“不多”。如:she has few friends .她沒有幾個朋友。there are so few that i can, t give you one. 沒有多少,我不能給你一個。 a few 意為“幾個”。如:she bought a few eggs and a little milk.她買了幾個雞蛋和一些牛奶。5、daniel wants to compare his school life with nancy, s and john,s.丹尼爾想把他的學校生活和南希和約翰的學校生活作一下比較。 comparewith意為“和比較”。如:we compare our school life with theirs.我們將我們的學習生活和他們的學校生活作比較。it is sometimes quite necessary to compare chinese with english.有時候很有必要比較一下漢語和英語。6、any scored the most points.艾米得分最多。名中的the most +可數名詞復數表示“在三者或三者以上中最多”。如:he has many books. i have more books. she has the most books.他有許多書,我有更多的書,她的書最多。the fewest +可數名詞復數,意為“在中最少”。如:i scored few points . amy scored fewer points. tom scored the fewest points.我得的分數很少,艾米得的分數更少,湯姆得的分數最少。注形容詞的最高級前面必須用定冠詞。在有上下文情境的情況下,比較的對象和范圍有時可省。如:i study few subjects. daniel studies fewer subjects(than i ),nancy studies the fewest subjects (among us).7、we use the mostfor the largest amount and the fewest/the leastfor the smallest amount. 我們用the most表示最大量,用the fewest /the least表示最小量。短語a small/large amount of 后接不可數名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如: there is a large amount of rain in the mouth every year.每年南方的降雨量很大。a large amount of money is lost. 大量的錢丟了。 in large /small amounts 意為“大量/少量”,在句中通常作狀語。如:they buy fresh milk in large amounts. 他們大量買進鮮牛奶。10、my uniform is the same as simon,s uniform. 我的校服和西蒙的校服一樣。the same as 意為“與一模一樣”,相像的程度大于similar,like 和alike.如:her skirt is the same as mine. 她的裙子和我的一模一樣。my trousers are the same as tina,s 我的褲子和蒂娜一模一樣。11、my uniform is different from john,s uniform. 我的校服與約翰的校服不一樣。 be different from 是the same as 的反議詞,意為“與不同”,相當于not the same as.如: his school life is different from(=not the same as )our school life.他的學校生活和我們的學校生活不一樣。 he is quite different from(=not the same as )his brother in temper.他和他的弟弟脾氣不同。 如果修飾行為動詞應用副詞differently from.如: people in south china eat differently from people in north china.華南的人吃的東西與華北的人不一樣。 different 修飾復數名詞。如:he has different qualities from his brother,s=he doesn,t have the same qualities as his brother.他與他弟弟品質不同。12、uniform,clothes和clothinguniform用于指不同職業(yè)的人穿的上衣褲子甚至鞋子成套的“制服”。如:here comes a policeman in uniform.過來了一位穿著制服的警察。a school uniform 校服、a police uniform警服、clothes 指衣服的總稱,它總是用復數形式,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式,不能與具體數字連用,但可以與many,few,a few,a lot of 連用;表示一件衣服時用a piece of clothes.如:he cares more for new clothes than anything else.他喜歡新衣服勝過任何東西。clothing 也是作“服裝”解釋,但它還包括鞋帽襪子等,作不可數名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式,表示一件衣服時用an article of clothing.如:he pays too much attention to his clothing.他穿衣太講究。she bought two articles of clothing yesterday.她昨天買了兩件衣服。綜合技能和發(fā)音1. sandy is helping him collect information on the internet.桑蒂正在幫他在網上收集信息 句中的collect指有目的地,精心地去“收集”“采集”.如: we are collecting money for hope project.我們正在為希望工程籌款. his brother is interested in collecting stamps.他弟弟對集郵感興趣. collect的名詞不達意為collection,意為“收藏品”.如: i need one more stamp before i complete my collection.我還需要一張郵票才能把這套郵票收集完整. he has a large collection of old coins. 他收藏了大量的古硬幣.2. chinese students have fewer weeks off in the summertime than british students.中國學生夏天休假的時間比英國學生少幾個星期. haveoff 意為“放假”.如: he had two weeks off because of his mother,s illness.因為母親有病他請了兩周假。 why did you have the morning off ?你上午為什么請假?注其中have 可用take 替換。如:she took a week off last month.上個月她請了一星期的假。 如果準某人請假用give sboff表達。如: his boss gave her three days off so that she could look after her sick daughter.老板準她三天假照顧生病的女兒。3british students spend less time doing their homework than chinese students.英國學生做家庭作業(yè)花的時間比中國學生少。人作主語時,表示“花時間做某事”用spend time (in) doing sth. 或it takes sb. time to do sth.這兩種結構。如: he spent two hours doing his homework. 他花兩小時做作業(yè)。=it took him two hours to do his homework.做作業(yè)花去他兩小時。注spend 后也可接錢作賓語,而take一般不用錢作賓語。如:i spent 15 dollars buying the book/on the book.我花十五美元買了這本書。=i paid 15 dollars for the book.= the book cost me 15 dollars. 這本書花去我十五美元。4what if it rains or snows? 如果下雨或下雪怎么辦?此句為省略句,what 是主句,if it rains or snows 是條件狀語從句,完整的句子應為:what will you do if it rains or snow?省略部分要根據

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