高中英語時態(tài)總結(jié).doc

英語動詞的時態(tài)，按動作發(fā)生的先后順序，可分為現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來四個時間；按動作發(fā)生的方式，又可分為一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式四種類型。每一種時態(tài)與每一種類型相結(jié)合，組成了英語動詞的整個時態(tài)體系 一、一般現(xiàn)在時1、概述一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。常與usually，often，always，sometimes，everyday，once a week等時間狀語連用。-Can I join your club. Dad? 我能加入你的俱樂部嗎，爸爸？-You can when you get a bit older.等你長大了就可以。- Can I help you, sir? 你需要幫忙么？-Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it desnt work.是的，我昨天在這里買的這臺收音機(jī)，但它壞了。2、 構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，應(yīng)用動詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。-Youre drinking too much. 你喝的太多了。-Only at home. No one sees me but you.只是在家里。除了你又沒別人看見。2、用法（1）表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài)，常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時間狀語連用。I play ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. 我乒乓球打得不錯，但自從新年以來我一直沒有時間打。He always sleeps with the windows open.他總是開著窗子睡覺。She is our English teacher.她是我們的英語老師。The children go to school at seven every morning.孩子們每天早晨七點上學(xué)。-Do you like the material?你喜歡這塊料子嗎？-Yes, it feels very soft.是的，這塊料子手感很柔軟。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時表示主語的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力Does he like sports? 他愛好運(yùn)動嗎？She loves music.她喜歡音樂。（3）一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百說不如一干。Water boils at 100.水在攝氏100度時沸騰。注意：主句中的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，但賓語從句中如果所說的是客觀真理，它的謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略堅持認(rèn)為地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（4）在時間、條件、比較等狀語從句中表將來的動作從句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導(dǎo)。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球賽將推遲。The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. 新秘書一到就應(yīng)該找經(jīng)理報到。Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你們準(zhǔn)備好，我就開始聽寫。When they leave school, they will go to college.中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他們?nèi)ド洗髮W(xué)。（5）表示安排或計劃好的將來的動作，只限少數(shù)幾個動詞：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning.火車在上午10點發(fā)車。Supper is at 5 today.今天五點開晚飯。The summer holidays begin next week.暑假從下周開始。（6）一般現(xiàn)在時描述過去時間的事實 這種用法多見于敘述代或口述往事，以增加描述的生動和真實感。The story describes how Walt Disney starts a company.這篇代章描述了沃爾特迪斯尼如何創(chuàng)辦公司的情況。He says the river rises higher and higher, breaks the bank and is filling all low places.他說河水越漲越高，漫過河岸，淹沒低洼地。（7） 在新聞標(biāo)題、小說和電影以及戲劇情節(jié)介紹、幻燈和圖片的說明中常用一般現(xiàn)在時U.S. President holds talks with British Prime Minister. 美國總統(tǒng)同英國首相舉行會談。American Ambassador Leaves Beijing.美國大使離京。 二、一般過去時1、概述一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間連用，yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often, always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness grew. 整個早上，當(dāng)她等待醫(yī)生的醫(yī)學(xué)報告時，她神經(jīng)越來越緊張。I got up at 6:30 yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。He always went to work by bus last year.去年他總是坐公交車上班。-Nancy is not coming tonight. 南希今晚不來了-But she promised! 但是她曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)要來的。2、一般過去時的構(gòu)成一般過去時由規(guī)則動詞（-ed/-d）或不規(guī)則動詞的過去時表示，除be外，其余動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。各種動詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)和一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)，與一般現(xiàn)在時的否定結(jié)構(gòu)和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)相同。規(guī)則動詞的構(gòu)成變化詳見上一章動詞的過去時形式部分。Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon returned to his old ways. 老麥克唐納戒了一段時間煙，但不久又重蹈覆轍。She suddenly fell ill yesterday.她昨天突然病倒了。-We could have walked to the station, it was so near.我們該步行到車站，這么近。-Yes. A taxi wasnt at all necessary. 是的，出租車一點也沒必要。3、一般過去時的用法（1）表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)常有明確的時間狀語，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Tom didnt come to class yesterday.湯姆昨天沒來上課。We went to dance last night.昨晚我們?nèi)ヌ枇恕?Hello! I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在倫敦。你來多久了？-Your phone number again? I dint quite catch it. 請你再把電話號碼說一遍好嗎？我剛才沒聽清楚。-It is 9568442. 9568442。-Oh, its you! I dint recognize you.哇，是你呀！我沒認(rèn)出你來。-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我剛理了發(fā)，而且我還帶著新眼睛。-You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布倫達(dá)，你還沒說我的新上衣怎么樣呢，喜歡嗎？-Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.對不起，我還沒顧上。我認(rèn)為穿在你身上當(dāng)然好看。（2）表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉(xiāng)村里，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的朋友。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上學(xué)時每周去看一場電影。注意：表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，還可用used to 或would加動詞原形表示。When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.當(dāng)我住在劉大娘家時，她常常告訴我解放以來農(nóng)村發(fā)生的巨大變化。She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她過去晚飯后總出去散步，但現(xiàn)在她卻喜歡呆在家里。（3）用來代替過去將來時在條件、時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說如果聽到什么關(guān)于他的消息，就通知我們。He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.他答應(yīng)去書店時為我買本書。He said he would not go if it rained.他說如果天下雨就不去了。They told us that they would not leave until she came back.他們告訴我們，直到她回來他們才會離開。（4）表示現(xiàn)在將來的時間在日常會話中，用一般過去時比用一般現(xiàn)在時較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣。能這樣用的動詞有：hope, wonder, want, think, intend等。Did you want to see me now? 現(xiàn)在你就想見我嗎？I wondered if you would help me.我想你是否能幫我一下。What did you want?你要什么？（語氣委婉）What do you want? 你要什么？（語氣生硬）（5）表示某種感情色彩You asked for it!你這是自找的！I told you so.我早就告訴過你。（你就是不聽）（6）表示虛擬語氣這一用法只適用于某些特定的句型，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼姆钦鎸崱⒅饔^意圖或愿望。If only I had a better memory.要是我的記憶力好一點就好了。If it snowed tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雪，比賽就會延期舉行 三、一般將來時1、概述一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, next week, next year等。Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.為什么不把肉放在冰箱里？它可以保鮮好幾天。-Youve left the light on. 你忘了關(guān)燈了。- Oh , so I have. Ill go and turn it off. 噢，那我馬上去關(guān)。2、構(gòu)成一般將來時由“助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。will用于第二、三人稱，shall第一人稱。在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后常縮寫為ll，will not簡縮為wontwount。但在美國英語中，各種人稱皆可用will。He will help his sister with her lessons.他將幫助他妹妹做功課。We wont be free this afternoon.今天下午我們沒空。3、一般將來時的用法（1）表示未來的動作或存在狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。We shall leave for London next Monday.我們將在下周一去倫敦。He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.后天他要來看你。You will be 20 next year.明年你就二十了。（2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或習(xí)慣性動作We shall come and work in this factory every year.我們將每年來這工廠參加勞動。The students will have five English classes per week this term.本學(xué)期學(xué)生每周將要上五節(jié)英語課。4、一般將來時的其他表達(dá)法（1）“be going to+動詞原形”表將來 這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。 還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實或跡象，認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。I think Im going to die. 我想我要死了。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)Look at the cloud. Its going to rain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(烏云密布，使我斷定天要下雨)The ice is going to break.冰就要破了。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“肯定、預(yù)測，注定會”。在這種情況下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用。He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他沒考及格，他一看試卷就知道考不及格。The question is going to be very complex.這個問題將會很復(fù)雜。The voters arent going to like him.選民們不會喜歡他的。be going to 和will的區(qū)別a. will表示說話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的事，不含任何具體的時間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來；而be going to 指有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生，通常指很快就要發(fā)生的事情。Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.聽那風(fēng)聲，我們橫渡時一定困難很大。She will not shove the heavy load onto others.她不愿意把重?fù)?dān)推給別人。He will get better.他的病會好的。（即認(rèn)為最終會恢復(fù)健康，而不是馬上恢復(fù)）He is gong to get better.他的病就會好了。(指有恢復(fù)的跡象)b. be gong to 和will均可表示意圖，但事先考慮過的意圖用be going to，不是事先考慮過的意圖用will。-Why have you torn the paper into pieces?你怎么把論代撕了？- I am going to rewrite it.(事先考慮，不用will)我要重寫。-Is it really a big stone?-I will help you to move it.(未經(jīng)事先考慮，不用be going to )He will go his own way.他一意孤行。I wont do so.我不愿這樣做。c. be going to可以用在條件狀語從句中表示將來，而will不能。If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now.如果你要去參加這個會，你最好現(xiàn)在走。（不用will）If you are going to accept the job, start to work now.如果你想接受這項工作，從現(xiàn)在開始上班。（不用will）（2）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時來表示將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，還有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。When are you going back to your factory? 你什么時候回工廠？He is not coming.他不來了。They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他們明天下午到達(dá)。進(jìn)行時表示將來與be going to 的區(qū)別be going to表示說話前事先考慮過的意圖(intend)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示事先安排的動作（plan）；表示有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生用be going to，不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。Mary and Jane are going to meet tonight.（have an intention to）Mary and Jane are meeting tonight.( 事先安排的動作)I feel dizzy, I think I am going to faint.（不能用I fainting）我感到頭暈，我想我要昏倒。（3）“be about to+動詞原形”表將來“be about to+動詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示時間的副詞或其他時間狀語連用。The English evening is about to start.英語晚會即將開始。They are about to set out.(不能說，They are about to set out soon) 他們就要出發(fā)。The ship is about to sail.輪船馬上就要啟航。比較：be about to 與be not about to 的差異be about to 意為“正要、馬上就”；be not about to 意為“不愿意”。He is about to come out. Please wait a moment.他馬上就出來，請稍等。He is not about to do that again.他不愿再做那件事了。（4）“be to+動詞原形”表將來 “be to+動詞原形”表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點你得交上試卷。If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一個人要想成功，他就必須拼命干。（5） 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來用一般現(xiàn)在時表示根據(jù)規(guī)定預(yù)計要發(fā)生、安排或計劃好的將來的動作。這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 oclock in the morning.飛機(jī)上午8點起飛。When does the show begin?展覽什么時候開始？ 四、過去將來時1、概述過去時將來時是對于過去某一時間點而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.他宣布不久離職的消息讓我們都大吃一驚。At that time I knew we should succeed.那時我知道我們會成功的。2、構(gòu)成過去將來時一般由 “助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。不論什么人稱，美國英語皆可用would。I thought they would come to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會來幫我的。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。3、過去將來時的用法（1）表示從過去某一時間點而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在狀態(tài)She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。They said it would be fine.聽說天氣會很好。He said he would come.他說他要來。My brother told me he would be back on Saturday.我哥哥告訴我，他要在星期六回來。I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for London.我打電話告訴我父親我要去倫敦。（2）表示過去的某種習(xí)慣行為She would lose the key! 她總是把鑰匙弄丟了。He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經(jīng)常來看望我們。4、過去將來時的其它表達(dá)法過去將來時除了用“should, would+動詞原形”表達(dá)外，還有以下幾種表達(dá)法。（1）was/were going to表示過去的打算和意圖He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算）He said he was going to visit China the next week.他說他下周訪華。表示沒有實現(xiàn)的打算和意圖He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實現(xiàn))I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是）-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? 艾麗絲，你昨天為什么沒來呀？-I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.我打算來的，但我家來了個不速之客。（2）was/were to+動詞原形這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過去的計劃安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。如果計劃的動作沒有實現(xiàn)，要用動詞的完成式。He said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4p.m.他說他下午四點去車站接他女朋友。（計劃安排）These first words were to change my world. 我最先學(xué)的這些單詞將會改變我的生活天地。(注定要發(fā)生的事情)At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.( 注定要發(fā)生的事情)那時他不知道辭職將會成為他生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點。She said she was to take up the position.(表示打算)他說他打算上任。She said she was to have taken up the position.( 計劃但未能實現(xiàn)) 他說他本打算上任。（3）was/were about to動詞原形was/were about to動詞原形，表示過去即將發(fā)生的事。I felt that something terrible was about to happen.我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。The meeting was about to be held the following day.會議打算第二天開。We were about to go there when it began to rain.我們打算到哪兒，這時天下起了雨。（4）用過去進(jìn)行時表示表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 (如go，come，leave，start等)的過去進(jìn)行時，表示按照過去的計劃安排將在過去將來發(fā)生的事情。-What were you doing when he came to see you?他來看你時你在做什么？-I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。I didnt know you were coming.我不知道你會來。He hurried into the carriage. The train was leaving in a few minutes.他匆忙擠進(jìn)車廂，還有幾分鐘火車就要開了。 五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時用法講解1、概述現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。- Is this raincoat yours? 這件雨衣是你的嗎？- No, mine is hanging there behind the door. 不是，我的在門后邊掛著。I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我其實不在這上班；我只是暫時在這幫忙，一直幫到來了新秘書。2、構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“助動詞be（is/am/are）+ v-ing”構(gòu)成。I am looking for a pair of black shoes.我正在找雙黑色的鞋。He is picking the apples on that tree.他正在摘那棵樹上的蘋果。They are working in a factory these days.他們這幾天在工廠勞動。What are you doing here? 你在這干什么呢？3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法（1）表示說話人說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作，它不涉及該動作的發(fā)生和結(jié)果，譯成漢語“正在”，這一用法常和表示此刻的時間狀語連用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。Im doing my homework now. 我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。Its raining hard.天正在下雨。-What are you doing? 你在干什么？-Im doing some washing.我在洗衣服。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段但并非眼下正在進(jìn)行著的動作，這種動作常與表示一段的時間狀語連用，如these days , this week等。Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 因科技在不斷變化，所以選擇個人使用的移動電話并不是一件容易事。The foreign guests are visiting Beijing this week.本周那些外國客人在參觀北京。He is writing a novel now.目前他在寫一本小說。He is learning English at college.他在大學(xué)學(xué)英語。（3）表示將來的動作表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作，或即將開始或進(jìn)行的動作。常用的這類詞go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要與表示將來的時間狀語連用，以區(qū)別此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要來看你。His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.他姐姐明天動身去香港。Theyre flying to Beijing tomorrow.他們明天飛往北京。（4）表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行性。表達(dá)厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等情感。He is constantly leaving his things about.他時常亂丟東西。（表責(zé)怪）She is always changing her clothes.她老是換衣服。（表責(zé)怪）He is always working hard.他總是學(xué)習(xí)很用功。（表贊賞）Theyre forever quarrelling about something.他們老是為某件事爭吵。(不滿)（5）表示剛剛過去的動作。這一用法不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行性。Do you hear what hes saying, mother? 媽媽，你聽見他說的了嗎？Every word Im telling you is true.我告訴你的每一句話都是真的。（6）描寫一種狀態(tài)，具有感情色彩I am missing you dreadfully.我非常想念你。My head is splitting.我頭痛欲裂。He is playing us a trick. 他在耍我們呢。How fast he is forgetting his shame.他多么快就忘了他的恥辱！（7）表示較為溫和的命令通常只一次性動作。You are sitting over there.你到那邊去坐。Dont stand idle. You are helping her a little.不要閑著，你要幫她一下。（8）wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的動詞用于進(jìn)行時可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣Im wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚來一會兒。Im hoping youll give us some suggestions.我很希望你給我們一些建議。4、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的比較（1）一般現(xiàn)在時通常表示經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)，而進(jìn)行時則表示在某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。We read newspapers every day.我們每天讀報。（說明習(xí)慣）She is now reading the newspaper.她現(xiàn)在正在讀報。（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)階段）The bus is stopping.汽車漸漸停下來。The bus stops.迅速停車。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時表示主語的固有特征、能力等，而進(jìn)行時態(tài)則表示主語在某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)所進(jìn)行的具體動作。He sings well.他唱得很好。He is singing a song.他正在唱一首歌。He lives in Liangxiang.(永久性)他家住良鄉(xiāng)。He is living in Liangxiang.（段時間居?。┧F(xiàn)在住在良鄉(xiāng)。（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時帶有感情色彩而一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實Jane is doing fine work at college.簡在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)很好。（贊揚(yáng)）Jane does fine work at college.簡在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)很好。（事實）（4）通常只能用一般現(xiàn)在時而不用進(jìn)行時的動詞并非所有的動詞都有進(jìn)行時，如表狀態(tài)、感情、感覺的動詞，通常只能用一般現(xiàn)在時而不用進(jìn)行時，因為這些動詞不能表示一個正在進(jìn)行的動作，如know, love, hate, want, like, see, hear, taste, smell, have(有), be等。The food tastes delicious!飯很香?。ㄕ㏕he food is tasting delicious.(誤)I like English very much.我喜歡學(xué)英語。（正）I am liking English very much. (誤) 六、過去進(jìn)行時用法講解1、概述過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。The reporter said that the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.那位記者說他看見UFO時，它正由東向西飛行。I dont think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.我想吉姆沒看見我；他當(dāng)時正在凝視天空。2、構(gòu)成構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時常由“助動詞be的過去時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。was not常簡寫為wasnt, were not簡略為werent。-Hey, look where you are going? 喂，看你上哪了？-Oh, Im terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing噢，實在對不起，我剛才沒留神。It was raining when we left school.我們離開學(xué)校的時候正在下雨。What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時，你正在干什么？3、過去進(jìn)行時的用法（1）表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。動作發(fā)生的特定時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明。I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我三年前第一次遇見麗莎時。她在一家無線電商店工作。The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.我最后一次見簡，她正在地里摘棉花。Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.湯姆溜進(jìn)了那所房因為當(dāng)時沒人注意他。It was raining at 6 oclock this morning.今早六點鐘時正在下雨。I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時，我正在畫馬。（2）表示過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.舍利去年在寫一本有關(guān)中國的書，但我不知道他是否完成。They were building a dam last winter.去年冬天他們在建大壩。I was living in my teachers house when I was in middle school.上中學(xué)時，我住在老師家里。在含有時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時間較長的動作用過去進(jìn)行時，另一個動作用一般過去時。如果表示兩個延續(xù)動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行，而不考慮動作的先后長短，則主句和從句的謂語動詞都用過去進(jìn)行時。My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.我在公園散步的時候，我的鋼筆掉到地上了。When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我進(jìn)屋的時候，她正坐在書桌前面。The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.學(xué)生們在看書，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業(yè)。（3）用來描寫故事發(fā)生的背景在口語或記敘代中，可以用過去進(jìn)行時表示的持續(xù)動作作為背景，以此引出由一般過去時表示的新動作。It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一個漆黑的夜晚，狂風(fēng)大作，大雨傾盆，一位年輕的婦女突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上。Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger.瑪麗在縫衣服時，突然扎破了手。He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他剛要人睡，這時突然聽到有人砸門。（4）代替過去將來時用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.他們想知道我們什么時候去上海。She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她問我他是否第二天就走。（5）表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩過去進(jìn)行時也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等連用，表示說話人的主觀感情，如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、厭煩等。He was always trying out new ideas.他總是試驗一些新的設(shè)想。He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨這怨那。（6）wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的動詞用于進(jìn)行時可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣-Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -打擾了,先生。你能幫我個忙嗎？-Of course. What is it? -當(dāng)然。什么事？-I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form. -我一直在想你是否能告訴我怎樣填這張表。-What were you wanting?你要什么？- I was hoping you would help me with the work.我希望你能幫我做這項工作。4、一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時用法比較一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性動作）；而過去進(jìn)行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作（強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)的動作）。Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.瑪麗昨