直接引語變間接引語的用法及講解.doc

直接引語變間接引語的用法及講解定義：直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。John said, Im going to London with my father. 約翰說：我要和父親到倫敦去。（引號內(nèi)是直接引語） 間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構成。John said that he was going to London with his father. 約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語） 直接引語與間接引語相互轉化時應注意的問題第一：人稱的變化。順口溜：在直接引語變間接引語時:“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said, My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓”是指若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. What is your sister doing now?He asked Kate what her sister was doing then。 “第三人稱不更新”是指如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr Smith said,Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何變時態(tài)： 1如果主句謂語動詞為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語原來時態(tài)。如果主句謂語動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)按下列變化： （1） 一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時 （2） 現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時 （3） 一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時 （4） 現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時 （5） 一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時 （6） 過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時 但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。 直接引語是客觀事實、真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. 直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980。 He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. 直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said. You had better come here today。 Peter said I had better go there that day如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 三、如何變狀語： 指示代詞 this -that these- those 表示時間的詞 now - then today- that day Tonight-that nightthis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地點的詞 here -there 動詞 bring - take come -go四、如何變句型： 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked me.He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語仍由原疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）?！比纾?He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. .直接引語是感嘆句時 間接引語為what 或how 引導，也可以用that 引導。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 習題：1, Our teacher told us,The sun rises in the east.2, Lucy said,”Ill graduate from here next year.”3, Peter asked,”What are you doing this evening,Mary?”4, Bob shouted,”Stop making so much noise,children.” 5, Beth said to me,”What a good time we are having now!”6, Nancy told me ,”I have lived in this city for five years.”7,”There will be a good report next Monday,wont there?”asked Milly.8,T