高三英語二輪復習 第二篇 閱讀技能探究 專題三 閱讀理解 第1講 細節(jié)理解題課件.ppt

第1講細節(jié)理解題 考點1直接信息理解類 典例 2015 浙江高考 b片段 mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts acaptionorintroductionparagraph atitle alegendorkey andlabeledaxes anactivereaderlooksateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata captionswillusuallytellyouwherethedatacamefrom forexample ascientificstudyof400africanelephantsfrom1980to2005 captionsusuallysummarizetheauthor smainpointaswell thetitleisvery important ittellsyouthemainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeingshown alegend alsocalledakey isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph manygraphs includingbargraphsandlinegraphs havetwoaxesthatformacorner usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthebottomofthegraph eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel thelabeltellsyouwhateachaxismeasures q whenusedinagraph alegendis a aguidetothesymbolsandcolorsb anintroductionparagraphc themainidead thedata 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出相關的信息句 并突出關鍵詞 嘗試解答 alegend alsocalleda key isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph a 解題技巧 1 斷章取義 尋依據(jù)考生要從文段中獲得回答細節(jié)題的具體信息 可用 尋讀法 即畫出題干中的關鍵詞語 然后在文章中找出可能包含所需信息的段落或句子 運用此法時 應根據(jù)文段的結構和寫作順序 有針對性地尋讀 迅速鎖定相關內容 2 常見命題方式特殊疑問句形式表達 以when where what which who how等疑問詞開頭引出的問題 考點2間接信息理解類 典例 2015 浙江高考 a片段 fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud beforetheteacherandotherchildren sothatwecanbesurethey know allthewordstheyarereading thismeansthatwhentheydon tknowaword theyaregoingtomakeamistake rightinfrontofeveryone afterhavingtaughtfifth gradeclassesforfouryears idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted isaidtothem nowi mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear butiwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit that senoughforme alsoi mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean q theteachertoldhisstudentstoread a forenjoymentb forknowledgec foralargervocabularyd forhigherscoresinexams 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出相關的信息句 并突出與選項同義的詞 嘗試解答 butiwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure a 解題技巧 1 同義互釋 定選項間接理解題答案選項的表述通常不是使用文章的原話 而是使用與文中同義或近義的詞語來表達 可運用排除法 將 無此細節(jié) 和 與此細節(jié)相反 的選項提前進行排除 2 正確選項有以下特征 對原句的關鍵詞進行替換 詞性或語態(tài)有所變化 語言簡化 把原文中的復雜語言進行簡化 正話反說 把原文中的意思反過來表達 3 常見命題方式accordingtotheauthor passage thereason isthat from wecanlearn 考點3數(shù)字計算類 典例 2015 四川高考 c片段 acrossbritain burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers but accordingtoanewstudy weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork now thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnasmuchas 172 000ayear thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo aswellasthehourstheyareworking todeterminethefigure thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns byanalysingthenumbers itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek 40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime afterquestioning1 000motherswithchildrenunder18 itfoundthat onmostdays mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm q howmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingastheprimeminister a 30 000 b 142 000 c 172 000 d 202 000 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出相關的數(shù)據(jù) 嘗試解答 iftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnas muchas 172 000ayear thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns b 172 000 30 000 142 000 解題技巧 1 列表推算 得數(shù)據(jù)關鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)之間的邏輯關系 選準比較的數(shù)據(jù) 弄清單位換算關系 確定計算方法 先閱讀題干 然后帶著題干中的關鍵詞去讀文章 對于數(shù)字 時間 年代等在讀的同時做好標記 以便讀完文章后進行相應的計算 簡單的數(shù)據(jù)可采用 推算法 即以有關數(shù)據(jù)為基礎 進行簡單的運算 數(shù)據(jù)較多的文章 通常采用 列表法 即按一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出 化模糊為清晰 為計算打下基礎 2 常見命題方式特殊疑問句形式表達 以when inwhichyear howmany much 等疑問詞開頭引出的問題 考點4正誤判斷類 典例 2014 福建高考 a itwasmother sdaymorninglastyearandiwasdoingmyshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfive year oldson tenyson aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete herhusbandwaswithher buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock walkingtowardsthescene tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple hesaidtome mum it snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone atthefrontofthesupermarketacharity 慈善 grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower itwillmakeherfeelbetter hesaid iwasamazedthathe dcomeupwiththissweetidea sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup justtakeit shereplied ican ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture bynowparamedics 救援人員 hadarrived andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman aswewalkeduptoher mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher insteadigavetheflowertothewoman shusbandandtoldhim mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter atthat theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid thankyousomuch youhaveawonderfulson happymother sdaytoyou themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower tellingherwhoitwasfrom thoughbadlyhurtandshaken theoldladylookedupattenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile q whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage a theelderlywomanwasknockeddownbytenyson b tenyson sideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismother ssupport c tenyson scarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller d theelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbytenyson sgesture 解題思路 速讀文章 試找出與四個選項相關的信息句 a項 b項 c項 d項 嘗試解答 aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderly womanhadfallenoverattheentrance sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedher justtakeit shereplied ican ttakeyourmoneyforsucha wonderfulgesture theoldladylookedupattenysonwithloveinhereyesand gavehimalittlesmile b 解題技巧 1 去偽存真 辨是非 速覽題目所提供的四個選項 若各選項針對同一內容 則要注意找出各選項之間的差別 再帶著問題去原文中核實文章的實際內容 若各個選項陳述的內容不一致 則要根據(jù)題干或選項中提供的線索回讀原文 逐個找到相關句 最后確定答案 注意表達 絕對化 的選項一般不是正確答案 2 常見命題方式whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingto 誤區(qū)糾偏 1 擴縮范圍 通過改變或去掉限制性詞語 將信息中的范圍 程度等加以改變 使該選項看似正確 實際上卻是錯誤的 2 無中生有 干擾項與所閱讀的文章內容沒有任何聯(lián)系 3 偷梁換柱 干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的單詞 但句意改變 考點5細節(jié)排序類 典例 2014 四川高考 c aschoolgirlsavedherfather slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic 過敏的 reactionwhichstoppedhisheart izzy nine restartedfathercolm sheartbystamping 踩 onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing izzy smother debbie immediatelycalled999butizzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather sodecidedtousecpr however shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren tstrongenough soshestampedonherfather schestinstead debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions 按壓 untiltheambulancearrived izzy whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool said ijustkickedhimreallyhard mymumtaughtmecprbutiknewiwasn tstrongenoughtousehands iwasquitescared thedoctorsaidimightaswellbeadoctororanurse mymumsaidthatdadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest she salittlestar saiddebbie iwasreallyupsetbutizzyjusttookover ijustcan tbelievewhatshedid ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid izzydidcprthenthedoctorturnedup colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe vegottoseeanexpert truckdrivercolm 35 sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononsaturdayandwastakentohospital butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled preventinghimfrombreathing hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly andhisheartstoppedforamoment hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering q what