英語(yǔ)中的從句大全.doc

英語(yǔ)從句大全賓語(yǔ)從句：1， 定義：賓語(yǔ)從句是指在復(fù)合句中做及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的從句，也可以作介詞和某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句一般用于及物動(dòng)詞之后，或用于介詞之后。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（1）有從屬連詞引導(dǎo)I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for peoples health.我認(rèn)為看太多電視對(duì)身體有害。Recent court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 最近的法院裁決責(zé)令公立學(xué)校采取必要步驟提供那種教育。I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.我不知道其他顧客是否也會(huì)拋棄我。（2）有連接代詞引導(dǎo)This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.這次考試的目的在于鞏固你們?cè)谶^(guò)去幾周所學(xué)的知識(shí)。You may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.過(guò)后你可能無(wú)法知道誰(shuí)處理的投訴。It is your task to find out into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit.你的任務(wù)是搞清楚，這兩種工作你適合哪種。（3）有連接副詞引導(dǎo)There are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available.對(duì)于超光速旅行何時(shí)能實(shí)現(xiàn)，目前還沒(méi)有做出預(yù)料。We cant understand why he avoided speaking to us.我們不理解他為什么不跟我們說(shuō)話。They know exactly where they are going.他們清楚地知道自己的行動(dòng)方向。We need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. (how表示方式)我們需要了解正常細(xì)胞是如何自我控制的。We do not know how far mankind will be able to solve these problems.(how表示程度)我們不知道人類能夠把這些問(wèn)題解決到什么程度。特別提示：如果主句謂語(yǔ)是think,believe,suppose,imagine 等，賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定意義通常在主句中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。例如：I dont think this is the best way.我認(rèn)為這不是最佳方法。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用if引導(dǎo)，而只能用whether.Our basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such to be preserved.一個(gè)基本的意見(jiàn)分歧涉及的問(wèn)題是，像目前這樣的城市是否還要保留下去。B 介詞和某些形容詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句 （1）介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句He only laughed at what I said.對(duì)我的話他只是笑。I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我經(jīng)常考慮如何才能提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。（2）某些形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句Im afraid that I cant go with you.我恐怕不能和你們一起去了。I am sure that they will make greater progress in English through hard work.我確信，通過(guò)艱苦努力他們將在英語(yǔ)方面取得更大的進(jìn)步。（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句Reading that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.這個(gè)外國(guó)人知道了這只是風(fēng)俗的不同后，就笑了笑，沒(méi)說(shuō)什么。On being asked whether he had any good food in Germany, he answered ”Terrible”.一問(wèn)到他在德國(guó)是否吃過(guò)什么好菜，他就回答說(shuō)：“糟糕的很”。(4) 用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)包括：have it that (說(shuō))；insist on(或upon)it that (堅(jiān)決主張，堅(jiān)決要求)；make it clear that(表明)；see to that (確保)；take it that (認(rèn)為)；等等。I insist upon it that we should be honest.我堅(jiān)決主張我們應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)。I take it that you dont want to do it ,but you have to.我認(rèn)為你不想做這件事，但你必須要做，。The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting.過(guò)去十年激光技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展已經(jīng)表明，未來(lái)可能是令人鼓舞的。Rumor has it that more than 20books on creationism and evolution are in the publishers pipeline.傳聞?wù)f，有20多本關(guān)于神造說(shuō)與進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的書(shū)籍正在出版。（in the publishers pipeline.在進(jìn)行中，在生產(chǎn)中）There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. 有些人認(rèn)為這些國(guó)防研究項(xiàng)目將帶來(lái)生活水平的改善，或者對(duì)保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源做出重大貢獻(xiàn)是值得懷疑的。表語(yǔ)從句：1， 定義：表語(yǔ)從句是指在復(fù)合句中做主句表語(yǔ)的從句。表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)只同一內(nèi)容，它對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明，是主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.譯：傳達(dá)的信息一清二楚：我們應(yīng)該行動(dòng)起來(lái)保護(hù)我們自己。The reason I didnt go to France was that I got a new job.譯：我之所以沒(méi)去法國(guó)是因?yàn)槲艺业揭环菪鹿ぷ?。特別提示：下列表達(dá)式不規(guī)范的：The reason I didnt go to France was because I got a new job .因?yàn)閎ecause 不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。The question is whether he works at all.譯：?jiǎn)栴}在于他是否工作。特別提示：下列表達(dá)是錯(cuò)誤的：The question is if he works at all .因?yàn)閕f不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。B 有連接代詞引導(dǎo)China is not what it used to be .譯：中國(guó)不再是過(guò)去的樣子了。Raw material is what we are badly in need of .原材料是我們急需的。C 有連接副詞引導(dǎo)The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我們必須決定的下一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，是么時(shí)候我們必須呈交年度報(bào)告。Some people maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies.有些人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這恰恰是危險(xiǎn)所在。This is why I didnt pass the exam.這就是我考試不及格的原因。D A is to B what C is to D 這是一種涉及表語(yǔ)從句特殊形式的句型，所表達(dá)的基本意義為“A之于B 正如C之于D”。前后進(jìn)行類比，通過(guò)說(shuō)明C 對(duì)于D 的重要性，目的在于突出A對(duì)于B 的重要性。 The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a soldier. 筆對(duì)于作家正如槍對(duì)于士兵。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空氣對(duì)于我們正如同水對(duì)于魚(yú)兒。 Reading is to the mind what food is to body. 讀書(shū)對(duì)于思想就如同食物對(duì)于身體。主語(yǔ)從句：1， 定義，主語(yǔ)從句是指在復(fù)合句中做主句主語(yǔ)的從句。2， 表現(xiàn)形式：A 由從屬連詞（that whether if ）引導(dǎo)That the plates are moving is beyond dispute.譯：板塊在運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是無(wú)可置疑的。特別提示：不能這樣表達(dá)：The plates are moving is beyond dispute. 盡管that沒(méi)有實(shí)際含義，但它起到引導(dǎo)主句的功能，在這里不可或缺，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)出現(xiàn)混亂。That our environment has little, if anything ,to do with our abilities ,characteristics and behavior is central to that theory .譯：這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能，性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話，也是微不足道的。Whether she will come or not is still a question .譯：她是否來(lái)仍然是個(gè)疑問(wèn)。Whether the results will be valuable ,meaningless ,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .譯：結(jié)果究竟是有價(jià)值的，還是無(wú)意義的，甚至是誤導(dǎo)的，這在部分程度上取決于工具本身，但在很大程度上取決于使用者。特別提示，whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，不能有if 代替。B 由連詞代詞引導(dǎo)Who will go to the energy conference is not important.(疑問(wèn)分句作主語(yǔ))誰(shuí)將去參加能源會(huì)議并不重要。What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world .他想看到的是世界上一切軍隊(duì)的消亡。C 由連詞副詞引導(dǎo)How he manages to finish the job is of interest to us all.他如何設(shè)法完成這項(xiàng)工作的，我們對(duì)此都很感興趣。Why he failed the English exam wasnt clear.還不清楚他為什么沒(méi)有通過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試。When they will leave for Beijing is not yet decided.他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去北京還未確定。D 用it 作形式主語(yǔ) 由于主語(yǔ)從句位于句首會(huì)使句子顯得頭重腳輕，一次常把它移到句子的后部，句首用引導(dǎo)詞it 來(lái)做形式主語(yǔ)。 It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. 我們希望雙方朝著和平的方向努力。 It doesnt matter whether Mary comes to party or not. 瑪麗是否來(lái)參加聚會(huì)是沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系。 特別提示：當(dāng)whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句尾時(shí)，whether可以有if 代替，但if 通常不能與or not 搭配，如本句也可以表達(dá)為It doesnt matter much if Mary comes to party. It makes no difference what you read or study if you cant remember it 如果你記不住，那么你讀什么或者學(xué)什么都不重要了。 E 兩個(gè)從句共同做主語(yǔ) Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans ,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago ,is ,as yet ,an unanswered question . 譯：這種公平意識(shí)是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立發(fā)展而來(lái)，還是起源于兩個(gè)物種在3500萬(wàn)年前