外文翻譯--冷藏車的結(jié)構(gòu)及市場潛力

1 附 錄 Refrigerated vehicle structure and market potential With the improvement of living standards of society, lifestyle changes, people need more and more frozen food, fresh food, milk, flowers, and large-scale food processing enterprises. Cold chain logistics has become a buzzword transport industry, as low-temperature cold chain logistics is an important part of the key equipment, refrigerated trucks to ensure that perishable, fresh food safety during transport of the key. So, refrigerated cars and trucks compared to what ordinary special about it? Today small give us a brief introduction it. Refrigerated trucks from the construction point of view, can generally be divided into the chassis, envelope insulation, refrigeration units of three parts. Chassis: To be on the highway, the car chassis as the basis, nature is an essential part. Overall refrigerated trucks and trailers are mainly two forms of cycling, mainly to see the need and demand for tonnage of cargo loaded selection. In the city or county general short distance between the loading of the goods less delivery, more choice in light truck chassis, and engaged in long-distance transport of general traffic is also large, heavy trucks will be used in, or use the form of semi-trailer refrigerated trucks. Select the chassis needs attention? Users in the selection of car chassis, be based on the tonnage of goods, road conditions, consider the structure of the chassis and carrying capacity, fuel economy, emissions standards. Compared with selected common truck chassis, refrigerated truck chassis also consider the need to focus on the stability of refrigerated trucks normally transport goods items can not be stored for long periods, although refrigeration equipment still fast delivery. At the same time, refrigerated cargo transport environment more demanding, and if the road failed, causing the deterioration of goods, the loss will be very large. refrigerated compartment body options: Refrigerated trucks envelope different from the ordinary van, it needs to have good sealing performance and heat insulation effect, so as to ensure that refrigerated goods in a stable 2 temperature environment. Refrigerated compartment designed primarily tightness and thermal insulation properties, the structure of refrigerated trucks usually three-tier structure, both inside and outside skin of composite materials such as glass, steel, color steel, aluminum and other materials. Transport of goods within the plate material should be different and take a different material, the most expensive within the material is stainless steel plate. Insulation material laminated to the middle, the main use of polyurethane foam. High-strength plastic with four sides of the glass plate bonded together with polyurethane foam to form a closed section. Refrigerated compartment thickness: In addition to material, cargo compartment also determines the thickness of the insulation effect is good or bad, cargo compartment insulation layer thicker, the better the insulation effect, however, will reduce the space inside the cargo compartment, cargo loading capacity would be reduced, the user needs according to their actual need to select the appropriate thickness. Refrigerated compartment specific requirements: In addition, different products have different requirements on the envelope. For example, refrigerated trucks transporting meat need to customize the link on the envelope； to store refrigerated delivery truck to do small quantities, varieties, require multi-temperature refrigerated trucks layer； different temperature requirements, handling and more frequent you need to open the door refrigerated trucks . All these, according to the specific needs of the user can customize the envelope factory. Can an ordinary car into a refrigerated cargo truck? Many people can not ask an ordinary van into a refrigerated truck, Xiao Bian also asked several tuning of staff who told Xiao Bian, modified, of course it can, in the middle with insulation materials, coupled with refrigeration unit can be installed. But they believe it is more cost-effective directly into refrigeration compartment, was used as general cargo compartment is made of iron or steel, insulation is not very good, but also easy to rust, such as Lahai fresh products, due to corrosive sea water , need more attention in the choice of anti-corrosion material envelope. refrigeration unit: In the three components of refrigerated trucks, the refrigeration unit is the most important part. Less space because cargo compartment, the temperature control on the te chnical 3 requirements are higher. Refrigeration unit principle: First, let us look at the principles of refrigeration units, refrigeration units currently use refrigerated trucks is more mechanical refrigeration, refrigerators and other refrigeration and air conditioning works essentially the same equipment, at a point on the absorption of heat, and then another point in the heat. This is carried out by two points to reach the refrigerant cycle. Refrigerant through the cargo space of a coil (evaporator) abso rbs heat, and then another by the external coil (condenser) heat dissipated. Through a compressor to the refrigerant circulating in the system, compressor gasoline, diesel or motor drive. Refrigeration unit classification: Refrigeration unit from the power source can be divided into dependent and independent units are two independent units with separate power source, the unit itself independent of the diesel engine as its power source； rather than stand-alone unit power output is to rely on car chassis engine to the driven. Power output can be seen from their differences, when the car engine stops running when the non-independent refrigeration units support both lost power, cooling system stops working, or if the car is turned off when engine failure occurs in the refrigerator car will stop cooling, the quality of the goods inside are not guaranteed. Non-stand-alone refrigeration unit system is simple and easy to maintain and repair, and the price is relatively low. Stand-alone refrigeration units because more maintenance and repair of engine systems is slightly more complicated. The use of terms from the transport, the city or county if it is used as a short-range distribution between the proposed use of non-independent unit, not only lower procurement costs, even failure, is relatively easy to find some service points； the contrary is to conduct long-distance transport is recommended to use separate chillers, because even in long-distance transport in car engines stop working, refrigerators can still be normal cooling to meet the transportation safety items. Another model from the distribution in terms of seven meters and 7 meters below the recommended use of non-car detached units, 7 meters above the car better with the stand-alone. From the cost in terms of non-independent stand-alone chillers and refrigeration units in the tens of thousands more than the price difference if the budget is relatively ample, and also 4 on the lower inside temperature requirements (at least the required temperature of minus 10 degrees or less), then the proposal is still with stand-alone better. Imported or domestically? Because refrigerated items on the surrounding temperature sensitive, relatively large temperature fluctuations may cause a change in decay. If refrigerated trucks refrigerated cooling unit problems or stop working, and that for car owners, not just the loss of freight, and there are a lot of the money number. Especially for long-distance transport users, the performance of their refrigeration units for the demanding. However, the current domestic refrigeration unit temperature control with foreign brands there is a gap, in order to achieve a very good cooling effect, many users chose foreign brands. Say good goods are not cheap, the price of imported refrigerator is also very expensive, like a kind of semi-trailer refrigerated vehicles imported refrigerator, new cheapest hundreds of thousands. In contrast the price of domestic brands is very obvious advantage for price-conscious users, domestic brands is also a good choice. The new machine is too expensive imports, domestic cooling effect can not guarantee that some users will choose the second-hand imported frozen hand, the results were good. Market share of imported brands have a higher, U.S. Carrier, Thermo King, Mitsubishi, Denso, and Guo-Hua Han speed, the source of Chinese brands such as snow and ice. Brands are more, done a good job there Jinan CIMC test Siegel, Henan Hikuma, Henan fly and other enterprises. refrigeration market brief Market potential: Chinas cold chain industry, network data, due to preservation technology behind, every year about 20% to 25% and 30% of fruits and vegetables in transit transport and storage rot damage, total damage as high as millions of tons per year, worth up to 750 billion. Other data in the United States, there is an average of 500 refrigerated trucks in China and Taiwan is a 1000, while China has 1.3 billion people, but the refrigerator car ownership was 40,000. Experts estimate that China has a refrigeration capacity demand of goods accounted for only 20% to 30%. Policy support and more: From these statistics we can see that Chinas logistics industry development and economic 5 growth demand too much difference. Decision-making in recent years has continued to introduce policies to support its rapid industrial development, for example: 2007 perishable food refrigerated transport requirements of motor vehicles was promulgated； 2009 logistics industry restructuring and revitalization plan, stressed the need to focus on the development agricultural and food cold chain logistics system； in January 2010, the National Standardization Technical Committee cold chain logistics and logistics at the Technical Committee was established； first half of 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission will introduce a cold chain logistics planning of agricultural products, plans to 2015 in refrigeration technology, China has greatly ease the problem of inadequate facilities. 6 冷藏車的結(jié)構(gòu)及市場潛力 隨著社會生活水平的提高，生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，人們需要越來越多的速凍食品、保鮮食品、牛奶、鮮花，以及大型食品加工企業(yè)。 “冷鏈物流 ”也成了運輸行業(yè)的一個熱門詞匯，作為低溫冷鏈物流中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備， 冷藏車 也是保證易腐、保鮮食品在運輸過程中的安全性的關(guān)鍵所在。 那么， 冷藏車 與普通貨車相比有哪些特殊之處呢？今天小編就給大家做個簡單的介紹吧。 冷藏車 從構(gòu)造上看，通?？煞譃槠嚨妆P、保溫廂體、制冷機組三大部分。 汽車底盤： 要在公路上行駛，汽車底盤作為基礎(chǔ)，自然是必不可少的一部分。 冷藏車 從整體上看主要有單車和掛車兩種形式，主要還是看需要裝載貨物的噸位和需求選擇。 一般在市區(qū)或者區(qū)縣間的短距離配送裝載貨物較少，選用中輕卡底盤較多，而從事長途運輸?shù)囊话氵\輸量也較大，則會選用中重卡，或者選用半掛車形式的 冷藏車 。 選擇汽車底盤需要注意什么？ 用戶在挑選汽車底盤時， 需根據(jù)貨物的噸位、路況等，考慮底盤的 結(jié)構(gòu) 和承載能力、節(jié)油性、排放標準等。 跟選擇普通貨車底盤相比， 冷藏車 還需要重點考慮一下底盤的穩(wěn)定性， 冷藏車 運輸?shù)呢浳锿ǔ椴荒荛L時間保存的物品，雖然有制冷設(shè)備，仍需較快送達目的地。同時，冷藏貨物對運輸環(huán)境的要求更高，要是路上出現(xiàn)故障，導致貨物變質(zhì)，損失將會非常大。 冷藏車 廂體的選擇： 冷藏車 的廂體不同于普通的廂式貨車，它需要有很好的密封性能和隔熱保溫效果，這樣才能保證冷藏貨物在一個穩(wěn)定的溫度環(huán)境中。 冷藏車 廂設(shè)計主要是氣密性能和保溫性能，通常 冷藏車 的 結(jié)構(gòu) 采用三層 結(jié)構(gòu) ，內(nèi)外蒙皮采用復合材料，如玻璃鋼板，彩鋼板，鋁合金等材質(zhì)。內(nèi)板材質(zhì)應(yīng)運輸貨物不同而采取不同材質(zhì)，最貴的內(nèi)材板應(yīng)該是不銹鋼板。中間夾層為保溫材料，主要采用聚氨酯發(fā)泡材料。四側(cè)用高強度膠將玻璃鋼板與聚氨酯泡沫材料粘合在一起，形成一種封閉性板塊。 冷藏車 廂的厚度： 除了材料，貨廂的厚度也決定了保溫效果的好壞，貨廂保溫層越厚，保溫效果越 7 好，不過，貨廂內(nèi)部的空間會減少，貨物裝載量會減少，用戶需根據(jù)自己的實際需要選擇合適的厚度。 冷藏車 廂的特殊要求 ： 另外，不同的貨品對廂體都有不同的要求。比如，運送鮮肉的 冷藏車 需要在廂體上定制掛鉤；為門店做配送的 冷藏車 批量小、品種多、需要多溫層 冷藏車 ；溫度需求不一、裝卸頻繁則需要多開門 冷藏車 。凡此種種，用戶可以根據(jù)具體需求向廂體廠定做。 普通廂貨能不能改成 冷藏車 ？ 有不少人詢問普通 廂式貨車能不能改成 冷藏車 ，小編也詢問了幾家改裝廠的工作人員，他們告訴小編，改裝當然是可以的，在中間加上隔熱材料，再加裝上制冷機組即可。 但他們認為還是直接換成冷藏廂更為劃算，因為一般貨廂采用得是鐵或者鋼材做成的，隔熱效果不是很好，同時也容易生銹，如拉海鮮產(chǎn)品，由于海水具有腐蝕性，在選擇時更需要注意廂體材料的防腐。 冷凍機組： 在 冷藏車 這三大組成部分中，冷凍機組是最為重要的一環(huán)。因為貨廂空間較小，在控制溫度上技術(shù)要求也更高。 冷凍機組的原理： 首先讓我們看看冷凍機組的原理，目前 冷藏車 的冷凍機組采用較多的是機械制冷，原理與空調(diào)冰箱等制冷設(shè)備基本一樣，在一 個點上吸收熱量，然后在另一個點上散發(fā)熱量。這點通過在兩個點之間進行制冷劑循環(huán)達成。制冷劑通過貨物空間內(nèi)的一個盤管（蒸發(fā)器）吸收熱量，然后通過在外部的另一個盤管（冷凝器）散發(fā)掉熱量。通過一臺壓縮機使制冷劑在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)循環(huán)，壓縮機使用汽油機、柴油機或電機驅(qū)動。 冷凍機組的分類： 從冷凍機組的動力來源可分為獨立與非獨立機組兩種，獨立機組擁有單獨的動力源，機組本身所獨立的柴油發(fā)動機作為其動力源；而非獨立式機組的動力輸出是依靠汽車底盤的發(fā)動機來帶動的。 從動力輸出就可以