2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(湖北卷).pdf

2011 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試 湖北卷 第二部分 詞匯知識(shí)運(yùn)用 共兩節(jié) 滿分 40 分 第一節(jié) 多項(xiàng)選擇 共 10 小題 每小題 1 分 滿分 10 分 21 Tommy run Be quick The house is on fire the mother shouted with clearly in her voice A anger B rudeness C regret D panic 22 Giving up my job to go back to full time education was a big but now I know it was the best decision I ever made A project B commitment C competition D ambition 23 The old engineer s eyes still shone bright in the winkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was though slow A shaky B heavy C casual D steady 24 An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person s character however they are not always A practical B avoidable C permanent D beneficial 25 The state run company is required to make its accounts as as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money A transparent B reasonable C secure D formal 26 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to successful but they may also our thinking A direct B limit C change D improve 27 The minister said We are ready for discussions with any legal parties but we ll never with criminals A negotiate B quarrel C argue D consult 28 Clinical evidence began to suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals A operate B strengthen C approve D accumulate 29 The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable A take down B bring down C hand down D tear down 30 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men A in terms of B in need of C in favor of D in praise of 第二節(jié) 完形填空 共 20 小題 每小題 1 5 分 滿分 30 分 The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin 海豚 was swimming Despite her fear she felt strong wearing her new leg In her second grade Maja 31 her cousin Jasmina After Jasmina s death Maja swore she would honor the little girl by 32 with a dolphin an animal that both girls 33 Jasmina never got the chance to do it says Maja now 32 so I 34 that someday I d do it for her In high school Maja was 35 about sports She even planned to become an athlete 36 in 1993 during the civil war in her home country a bomb 37 her left leg After two years 38 in the U S Maja received her first artificial 人造的 leg but 39 it didn t fit well walking for Maja was very painful 40 she managed to graduate from a local high school Then after receiving a 41 from Saint Francis University she got a job at an insurance firm and 42 started her own company To relax Maja 43 often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium 水族館 near her home A young dolphin Winter who had lost its tail caught her 44 One day Maja happened to see trainers 45 Winter with a high teeh tail When they were done Winter swam freely in the water Maja was 46 She managed to find the inventors of Winter s tail Within ten days she had a new leg which freed her of the 47 that had troubled her for almost 16 years Now Maja was ready to keep her 48 She went to the aquarium lowered herself into the pool and held out a hand to Winter who approached 49 then swam away After a few minutes the dolphin let Maja 50 its back Finally the two began to swim around the pool together 31 A lost B visited C rescued D left 32 A talking B living C swimming D surfing 33 A adored B adopted C possessed D purchased 34 A pretended B decided C preferred D agree 35 A positive B enthusiastic C particular D curious 36 A Undoubtedly B surprisingly C Strangely D Unfortunately 37 A took away B took over C cut down D cut out 38 A study B operation C treatment D experiment 39 A until B because C although D if 40 A Otherwise B Therefore C Besides D However 41 A scholarship B degree C prize D notice 42 A gradually B actually C eventually D naturally 43 A might B should C could D would 44 A eye B leg C nose D hand 45 A decorating B guiding C marking D fitting 46 A inspired B puzzled C shocked D amused 47 A worry B sadness C pain D fear 48 A appointment B promise C record D habit 49 A blindly B angrily C gratefully D cautiously 50 A strike B cover C touch D wipe 第三部分 閱讀理解 共 20 小題 每小題 2 分 滿分 40 分 A Honesty my mum always used to tell me is the best policy Of course this didn t include her when she told me that if I didn t eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out and wouldn t give me any presents But when it comes to medicine I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients After all the doctor patient relationship is based on trust and therefore honesty is essential Or so I thought I had just started working in geriatrics 老年病科 Mr McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen I took a medical history from his daughter who d accompanied him in the ambulance She d been his main carer for years I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history Has he lost any weight recently I asked Well it s funny you should mention that but yes she said slowly There was silence for a few moments Why What are you worried about she asked I hesitated She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth Well we need to prove it s not cancer I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order Half an hour later a nurse called me Mr McMahon s daughter broke down she said you told her he had cancer My heart sank By the time I arrived at the ward my consultant was already there explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer I stood silently at the end of the bed My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr McMahon she turned to me Why on earth did you do that she asked in disbelief I looked at her and bit my lip She asked me what I was worried about and I told her I said hanging my head And give her more to worry about replied my consultant You don t say the word cancer until it s confirmed Even if you suspect it think very carefully before you tell people As it turned out it wasn t cancer But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they re sometimes selective in what they hear and as a doctor it s important to be mindful of this In being truthful I d made the situation worse 51 The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author A misunderstood the doctor patient relationship B was anxious to receive Christmas gifts C regarded honesty as the best policy D had an unhealthy eating habit 52 The author s consultant was angry with him because A he told the daughter what he suspected B he delayed running the necessary tests C he failed to confirm the patient s disease D he forgot what the consultant had advised 53 The author hung his head the underlined part in Para 4 because he was feeling A guilty B hurt C disappointed D helpless 54 What lesson has the author learnt from his experience A Learning from parents is necessary B Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous C Telling the truth may not always be the best solution D Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy B Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack As pack animals wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other There are different explanations of a wolf s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together It s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together But this theory may be wrong explains Fred H Harrington a professor who studies wolf behaviour Indeed there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus and the next quarreling among each other It appears that usually the lowest ranking members of the pack may actually be punished for joining in the chorus at times So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members Why do wolves howl for sure What is clear however is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times When this happens howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering Howling interestingly is a contagious behavior When one wolf starts to howl very likely others will follow This is often seen to occur in the morning as if wolves were doing some sort of roll call where wolves all howl together to report their presence 55 What is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and human s singing in chorus A The act of calling each other B The sense of accomplishment C The act of hunting for something D The sense of belonging to a group 56 Why does Harrington think the social bond theory may be wrong A Wolves separate from each other after howling B Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds C Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together D Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus 57 Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to A show their ranks B find their companions C report the missing ones D express their loneliness 58 Howling is a contagious behaviour in the last paragraph means A howling is a signal for hunting B howling is a way of communication C howling often occurs in the morning D howling spreads from one to another C In today s throw away society dealing with the city s growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council 市議會(huì) Recently Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of 處理 about 250 000 million tons of waste a year Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner largely through encouraging recycling its aging facilities such as the Powder hall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it The European Union EU has issued a new policy regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of The five councils Edinburgh East Lothian West Lothian Midlethian and Borders face fines around 18million a year from 2013 it they don t increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill With this in mind the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant 垃圾焚燒廠 to burn half of the waste produced in their districts But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25 of the city s waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025 After the plan was abandoned a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city s waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015 it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion But soon they turned it down after 700 local objections reached them because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas That still leaves the council with a problem By 2013 only 50 of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill Even if recycling targets are met there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up Due to this Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out 59 The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is A recycling B restoring C burying D burning 60 The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to A reduce the cost of burying waste B meet the EU requirements C speed up waste recycling D replace landfill sites 61 The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because A it came from a private company B the council was not interested in it C it was not supported by EU D the local people were against it 62 What is the final decision of an Edinburgh and Midlothian councils A To open a new landfill nearby B To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015 C To set up a plant for burning waste D To persuade people to deduce their waste D Feeling blue about world Cheer up Says science writer Matt Ridley The world has never been a better place to live in and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature Ridley calls himself a rational optimist rational because he s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good And this is what he s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist He views mankind as grand enterprise that on the whole has done little but progress for 100 000 years He backs his finding with hard facts gathered through years of research Here s how he explains his views 1 Shopping fuels invention It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty our own generation has access to more nutritious food more convenient transport bigger houses better ears and of course more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things The more we specialize and exchange the better off we ll be 2 Brilliant advances One reason we are richer healthier taller cleverer longer lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs food clothing fuel and shelter have grown a lot cheaper Take one example In 1800 a candle providing one hour s light cost six hours work In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for In 1950 it was eight seconds Today it s half second 3 Let s not kill ourselves for climate change Mitigating 減輕 climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village where the use of fossil fuel 化石燃料 electricity is forbidden by well meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change If climate change proves to be mild but cutting carbon causes real pain we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tourniquet 止 血帶 around our necks 63 What is the theme of Ridley s most recent book A Weakness of human nature B Concern about climate change C Importance of practical thinking D Optimism about human progress 64 How does Ridley look at shopping A It encourages the creation of things B It results in shortage of goods C It demands more fossil fuels D It causes a poverty problem 65 The candle and lamp example is used to show that A oil lamps give off more light than candles B shortening working time brings about a happier life C advanced technology helps to produce better candles D increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods 66 What does the last sentence of the passage imply A Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost B Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous C People s health is closely related to climate change D Careless medical treatment may cause great pain E Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment your cell phone or your wallet Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner In January Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6 800 of its stores This is the first pay by phone practice in the U S but we re likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication NFC gets into America s consumer electronics Last December some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminal a contact free system built for speed and convenience But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the U S a few problems need to be worked out like who will get to collect the profitable transaction 交易 fees Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards cell phone service providers may try to muscle their way into the point of sale POS market Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joint venture 合資企業(yè) that will go into operation over the next 15 months Its goal is to lead the U S payments industry from cards to mobile phone The other big NFC issue apart from how payments will be processed is security For instance what s to stop a thief from digitally pick pocketing you We re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone says Jimmy Shah A mobile security researcher Users may also be able to set transaction limits perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases Still uneasy about this digital wallet business Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone it can be located o