現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)解析及專項訓練.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)解析及專項訓練一、定義1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（我了解電影的內(nèi)容）I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 2）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：He has been at this school since 1986. I have taught English for 19 years二、構成：主語+ have/has + 過去分詞+其他三、標志性詞和短語：just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），never（從來沒有），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），yet（仍然，還），once（一次），twice（兩次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今為止），up to now ,till now ，for 短語和since短語【注】現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中有表示一段時間的短語（例如for短語，since短語，how long, all ones life）時動詞必須用可延續(xù)性動詞。如：live，work，study，learn，teach，draw，wait，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。Eg. 1. How long has he lived here? 四、常見瞬間性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下: 1、borrow / lendkeep, 2、buyhave, 3、finish / endbe over, 4、begin / startbe on 5、openbe open 6、closebe closed, 7diebe dead 8、arrive /come / gobe in /at / be here /be there, 9、leavebe away（from）10、becomebe 11、catch / get a coldhave a cold 12、fall asleepbe asleep 13、join the armybe in the army /be a soldier 14、joinbe in / be amember of , 15、return / come back / get backbe back五、have been to和have gone to的區(qū)別1）have been to強調(diào)“曾經(jīng)去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，已經(jīng)回來了How many times have you been to the zoo ? 他去過動物園幾次？ Three times .(已經(jīng)不在動物園了) 三次。2）have gone to主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，可能在去的途中，或已經(jīng)到達目的地，但還沒有回來。例如; -Where is Tom ? （說明湯姆不在這里）湯姆在哪？- Hehas gone tothe library. 他去圖書館了。（還沒有回來）六、固定句式：It is , since 從句（時態(tài)為一般過去時）。例如：It is two years since he came to Beijing. 他來到北京已有5年了。It is three weeks since he bought that book.那本書他買了3周了。初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時專項練習題及答案一、 單項選擇。 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動詞填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _ 參考答案： 一、單項選擇。 1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。 2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應選B。 3、C 4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應選D。 5、C 6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應選C。 7、C 8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應選B。 9、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。 10、B 11、現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地點”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示時間的狀語連用?！癶ave/has been to +地點”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）?！惫?6的正確答案為A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been