商務英語詞匯教程(學生).doc

商務英語與公共英語的關系 商務英語是專門用途英語(English for Special Purpose)大家族的一員，它與公共英語(General English)既相聯(lián)系，又相區(qū)別，兩者的關系可比作“毛”與“皮”的關系。我們中國有這樣一句成語，對它們的關系做出了概括，即“皮之不存，毛將焉附?！贝髮W一、二年級學習公共英語為進一步學習商務英語打好公共英語的基礎。畢竟商務英語與公共英語在基本詞匯和基本句型的使用上有相同的“共性”，如果忽視了兩者之間的這一聯(lián)系，基礎沒打好就急于開始商務英語的學習，單單在語言方面的困難就足以令我們因為舉步維艱而蒙生退意了。 但是商務英語作為在外商務活動中所使用的英語，在詞匯、句式、行文結構這三個層次上都表現(xiàn)出有別于公共英語的個性，譬如，我們要讀懂西方報刊國際商務文章，就必須掌握一定的有關經(jīng)濟貿易的專業(yè)英語詞匯，如涉及到有關描述經(jīng)濟貿易發(fā)展情況、趨勢、國際貿易收支、貿易摩擦、跨國公司、商品市場等方面的一些專業(yè)英語詞匯。 英語商務文章的句式及句子之間的連接也有其特點，如在對商務發(fā)展趨勢進行比較時經(jīng)常借助于多種語法手段，從而有機地把枯燥的數(shù)字和信息揉合在一起。為使句子之間的意思更好地連貫起來，常常使用連接詞，介詞和副詞，如表明對比和情況變化關系的詞有but，however，whereas，eitheror和neithernor等；表示情況內在聯(lián)系的連接詞和短語介詞有and，as well as 和in the case of 等。 就文體而言，英語商務文章大體可分為四類：公共經(jīng)濟貿易消息報告；經(jīng)濟貿易情況簡報；經(jīng)濟、貿易和商品市場調研報告；經(jīng)濟貿易評論。每一體裁又有不同的結構，如經(jīng)濟貿易評論文章主要由以下幾個部分組成：簡單敘述被評論觀點或事情的背景；提出自己的觀點和看法；闡述評論觀點或事情的意義。經(jīng)濟、貿易和商品市場調研報告公共包括：對前一階段情況作簡單回顧；由統(tǒng)計材料或典型事例闡述對目前情況的看法；對下一階段的形勢發(fā)展提出預測；最后有時還提出應采取的對策或建議。另外，英語商務文章的選材的專業(yè)性要求我們必須具備一定的專業(yè)知識。如果我們對各主題所涉及的知識比較缺乏，必然會覺得文章難讀難懂，因此，我們也必須想方設法克服背景知識方面的障礙，如能在進入本門課程學習前，先期學習國際貿易、國際金融等課程，則對于這門課的學習也是大有裨益的。 課程導入商務英語中有一些使用十分頻繁的詞匯很容易被誤譯，原因是商務英語中相同的單詞在不同情況下具有不同的含義。例一：floating1. It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.2. Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.譯文：1. 在這種情況下，世界各國又恢復浮動匯率就不足為奇了。各國中央銀行也就無須維持本幣的匯價了。2. 統(tǒng)保單對出口貿易至關重要。它實際上是貨物保險中的一種便利的辦法，特別適合于分不同的時間出口的一批類似貨物，如：當被保險方根據(jù)獨家代理協(xié)議書向國外的進口方供貨，或在國外委任了銷售代表，設立分支機構時用之。注解：floating 在上述兩個句中的意思完全不一樣，floating exchange rate 意為“浮動匯率”，即可自由浮動，完全受市場力量決定的匯率制度。而 floating policy 則指用以承保多批次貨運的一種持續(xù)性長期保險憑證，常譯為“統(tǒng)保單”。例二：confirm1. Wed like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by DHL by the end of this week and please confirm it ASAP so that we can start our mass production.2. Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。譯文：1. 很高興通知您，我們的回樣將于本周末用特快專遞給您，請盡快確認，以便我們開始大批生產。2. 付款方式為100% 即期，保兌，不可撤消信用證。注解：confirmed 一詞在這兩句話的意思也不一樣。在第一個句子中，confirm 的意思是“確認”。在第二個句子中，confirmed L/C 應翻譯為“保兌信用證”，即指一家銀行所開的由另一家銀行保證兌付的一種銀行信用證。例三：negotiable1. Part time barman required. Hours and salary negotiable.2. This Bill of Lading is issued in a negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holder, by endorsement of this B/L.譯文：1. 招聘兼職酒店保安，工作時間和薪水面議。2. 所簽發(fā)的提單可為轉讓的，故只要在提單上背書, 便確定了貨物和持票人的所有權。注解：在第一句話中，negotiable 的意思是“可商議的”，在第二句話中的意思則是“可轉讓的”，“可轉讓提單”經(jīng)過背書后即可將所有權轉讓給他人，值得注意的是，negotiating bank 則是議付銀行，即購買或貼現(xiàn)匯票的銀行。例四：discount1. You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis.2. If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft. The bank is said to discount the draft.譯文：1. 如果你方定期給我方下定單，你方便可得到 5% 的折扣。2. 如賣方開出的是遠期匯票，以此向買方提供信用，此時就做了一筆商業(yè)匯票承兌業(yè)務，賣方可以請銀行買下商業(yè)承兌匯票，銀行用這個辦法對出口商融資，也就是說，銀行對該匯票貼現(xiàn)了。注解：discount 在這兩句話中的意思一個是折扣，另一個是貼現(xiàn)。折扣是指商品在原價的基礎上按百分比降價，貼現(xiàn)則是指未到期的票據(jù)向銀行融資，銀行扣取自買進日至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手續(xù)費后，將余下的票面金額付給持票人。例五：endorse1. Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association.2. Draft must be accompanied by full set original on board marine Bill of Lading made out to order, endorsed in blank, marked freight prepaid.譯文：1. 我們的產品為全國質量檢查協(xié)會的推薦產品。2. 匯票必須附有全套印有“貨物收訖”字樣的正本海運提單，憑指示、空白背書，并寫明“運費已付”。注解：在第一個句子中，“推薦”是指用過某種產品后感到滿意，并通過媒體介紹給公眾。而第二句中的“空白背書明是指背書人(endorser) 只在票據(jù)背面簽上自己的名字，而不注明特定的被背書人 (endorsee)。例六：average1. If a particular cargo is partially damaged，the damage is called particular average.2. Its obvious that the products are below the average quality.譯文：1. 如果某批貨是部分受損，我們稱之為“單獨海損”。2. 很明顯，這批產品的品質是中下水平。注解：在第一個句子中，particular average 的意思是“單獨海損”，是指在保險業(yè)中由于海上事故所導致的部分損失， 因此average 一詞的意思是損失或損壞，而第二句中的 average 為“平均”之意。例七：tender1. Under CIF, it is the sellers obligation to tender the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods.2. He became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted.譯文：1. 在 CIF 價格術語項下，賣方的責任是向買方遞交有關單證，使其能在貨物到達后提取貨物。2. 他欣喜若狂，好像他承辦大廈建筑的投標被接受了。注解：商務英語中的重要條款用詞非常正規(guī)，在第一句話中，tender 是用作動詞，相當于 give。而在第二句中，tender 是用作名詞，意思是“投標”。在一些由中文翻譯的英語樣本、合同、廣告和其他文件材料中常見一些翻譯錯誤，現(xiàn)僅舉幾個出現(xiàn)頻率較高的例子，試作分析。1. 由港澳國際投資公司投資的?？陔娬竟こ桃蚱浣ㄔO速度和質量得到高度評價。原譯文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.注：投資某項工程應為invest in a project，在被動語態(tài)中不能漏去前置詞in。應譯為：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in (在某些情況下可用financed or funded）by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality. 2. 上海SFECO擁有5個控股子公司。原譯文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股權的股東公司。上述譯文意思是5個公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，換句話說，這5個公司是“老子”公司，因此顯然不符合中文原意。應譯為：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies. 或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.3.中國民生銀行有限公司原譯文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.注：corporation本身即為有限公司，相當于limited company，英譯中無需再加“Ltd”。應譯為：China Minsheng Banking Corporation4.項目中標之后，我們將立即開始前期準備工作。原譯文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.注：項目中標應為accept a bid or award the contract。顯然上述譯文把兩種表達法相混淆了。應譯為：After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.5.歡迎您參觀我們交易會原譯文：Welcome you to visit our fair!注：譯文中welcome是動詞，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主語為第二人稱你（你們），而不是中文所含的我（我們）之意。應譯為：We welcome you to visit our trade fair!更簡潔而地道的譯法是：Welcome to our trade fair!商務英語詞匯教程l landed terms Sample Sentences1. Obviously，landed price is higher than FOB price.2. Landed price is an export price in which the exporter pays all the charges to the port of destination and also pays the landing charges but not any dock dues or onward carriage charges to the importers factory or warehouse.l fill ones orderSample Sentences1. We are sorry that we cannot fill your order for TFLD watches.2. We should like to fill your order，but the fact is that we have received more orders than we had expected，with the result that our large reserve stock has been sold out.l mortgageSample Sentences1. When granting mortgage loan to individuals, banks should closely evaluate any assets being put up as collateral.2. He planned to keep the house for 12 years and to let the mortgage get paid down faster.l by sample Sample Sentences1. Quality as per Buyers Sample.2. Quality to be strictly as per sample submitted by the Seller on February 15，2008.l on the usual trade terms Sample Sentences1. Please offer us your best prices on the usual trade terms.2. The agreement stipulates that our products are to be sold on the usual trade terms.l go Dutch Sample Sentences1. Once a fortnight she and a group of friends would go Dutch at one of their three favorite restaurants.2. The office outing is always a Dutch treat.l case studycase analysisSample Sentences1. We provide consulting services to clients, usually through case analysis.2. The cases used for study at the business schools are no longer only those from the Western businesses；some from the Chinese businesses themselves.l covert dealSample SentencesTo prevent covert deals，the construction unit and the water supply project headquarters signed a lifelong responsibility contract on quality and safety.l ounce IOU white knight general wholesale Sample SentencesGeneral Wholesale covers all your needs in one stop.l semi-finished productintermediate goods break even minimum earnings Sample Sentences1. What are the minimum earnings before paying taxes?2. According to the contract，Party Bs minimum earnings are $200.000.l bonded area / tariff-free zone或bonded area。Sample SentencesBy and large，Hong Kong businessmen have set up shops in tariff-free zones.l cover Sample Sentences1. Do you handle open cover? What I mean is if the insured party wished to make a long-term arrangement with the insurance company，say，for a year.2. Insurance of the goods shall be covered by us on 110of the CIF value，and any extra premium for additional insurance，if required，shall be borne by the Buyers.l strong-rooml underwriterSample Sentences1. The underwriter has calculated the risk.2. We talked about it with our underwriter，and we would like to get a policy for total loss only (TLO).l caution moneyearnest moneycash deposit Sample Sentences1. Members of the association must deposit caution money before being allowed to use the associations facilities.2. Earnest money is money given to the seller as a first payment by the buyer to show that he agrees to the contract of sale and intends to honor it.l shelf lifepull dateSample Sentences1. The product has a shelf life of one week under normal temperature.2. The pull date of these packets of milk is end of this month.3. The quality of this product is promised to be guaranteed for a year.l report forms Sample Sentences1. Report forms are required to be submitted monthly.2. Although the final report forms are generated automatically, manual check is still needed.l declare sth at customs Sample Sentences1. Have you got anything to declare?2. Customs declaration for imports and exports is a necessity in a countrys control of its foreign trade.l quotation Sample Sentences1. We are enclosing our Quotation No.3571 for your consideration，and hope to receive your trial order in the near future.2. The rates quoted above are net，and the delivery of goods will be made at your office as desired at our expense.l offer Sample Sentences1. Thank you for your recent fax telling us that there is a good demand for our Panda televisions in your market. We are pleased to offer them as follows.2. We acknowledge with thanks receipt of your letter of January 19.In reply，we are pleased to make the following offer，subject to our final confirmation.l nosediveSample Sentences1. Coffee prices nosedived yesterday.2. The stock prices of China went into a nosedive at the beginning of 2008.l upstartl sudden huge profitsl skyrocketl backup1. She made a backup copy of all the files on her computer.2. We wont be able to do it unless we have a technical backup.l endorsementSample SentencesIf a blank endorsement is made, the holder of the bill has the right to take delivery of the goods.l backerendorser Sample SentencesHe is the backer of this bill.1. Has the bill been signed by the endorser? l capital Sample Sentences The company was started with a capital of US$10，000.l small business Sample Sentences1. Ours is a very small business，and we just dont have enough cash to carry on.2. This is just a small business，and we cant make much money.l rate of exchangeSample Sentences1. The rate of exchange between American dollars and Euro dollars show the fall of the value of the US dollars.2. The exchange rate today is 300 Japanese yen to the pound.l tax haven Sample Sentences1. The Bahamas，Monaco and Singapore are tax havens.2. A tax haven is a place where certain taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all. The tax havens phenomenon started as taxes arise.l seven-eleven7-Elevenl a lemonSample Sentences1. Not until several days later did he find that the car he bought was a lemon.2. To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs. l acquisitionmergertakeover Sample SentencesThe directors of both companies met to discuss the terms of the merger.l importsimported goodsl small profits but quick returns Sample Sentences1. Due to increasingly fierce competition，many household appliance companies have adopted the strategy of “small profit margins，big sales”.2. The business strategy for our company is small profits but quick returns.l real estatel ice-free port Sample Sentences1. Xiamen Port is one of the top ten ports in China. It is a huge，deepwater，ice-free port that never silts up.2. Dalian Port is a world-known deep and ice-free harbor, having shipping relations with over 160 countries and regions.l keep ones head above water Sample Sentences1. The company had great difficulty keeping its head above water during the economic crisis.2. We are in the black. We should be able to keep our head above water from now on.l dirty bill of ladingSample Sentences1. Dirty B/L is one into which the ship-owners have put a clause stating that the conditions of the goods or packing when received were unsatisfactory.2. Foul BL is BL with adverse remarks by the carrier that the goods received for shipping look wet，damaged，or otherwise in doubtful condition，etc.l force majeure Sample Sentences1. Force Majeure：The Sellers shall not be held responsible, if they，owing to Force Majeure cause or causes, fail to make delivery within the time stipulated in the Contract or cannot deliver the goods. However，in such cases, the Sellers shall inform the Buyers immediately by cable and, if it is requested by the Buyers，shall also deliver to the Buyers by registered post，a certificate attesting the existence of such a cause or causes.2. The insurance policy covers your house against all types of damage，excluding those caused by acts of God.l Comparisons are odious Sample SentencesIts often said in the business world that comparisons are odious.l Bretton Woods systeml deep pocket Sample SentencesBy bringing a partner with deep pockets，the company was in a position to offer more attractive deal that could be completed by year-end.l make sb redundant Sample Sentences1. Our branch is badly overstaffed. We have now decided to make eight clerks redundant.2. Owing to bad business，over 500 workers of the company come under the axe.l lottery ticketl carry out management painstaking Sample Sentences1. Though having kept it going by painstaking effort through over 20 years，the enterprise went bankrupt last year.2. Now business is dull，so small shops like ours have to take great pains to keep them going.l catering Sample Sentencesl shipping space Sample Sentences1. We could book shipping space on S.S. “Manhattan Maru” before 5 May. This is the only vessel sailing direct for Tianjin within these two months；otherwise，we have to wait for another two months，as the next sailing for Tianjin will be on 5 July.2. Its necessary to book a cabin seat or berth five days，in advance.l price differenceSample Sentences1. Regional price differences will be taken into account at the time of setting prices.2. Seasonal variations in price are very big.l find Sample Sentences1. Please find ten samples enclosed herewith.2. Enclosed please find our latest catalogue.l double spotting Sample SentencesIf double spotting did occur，it was usually done with two 30-second commercials.l call money Sample Sentences Last month the bank advanced very large sums of call money to the money market.l rob Peter to pay Paull product mix1. An adjustment in product mix will be the focus of the next round of restructuring.2. We have worked hard to get the right marketing mix for the launch of the new range.l awareness of the productSample Sentences1. The advertising campaign has been planned to raise the awareness of the product amongst the public.2. You need to launch an advertising campaign to raise the awareness of the product if you want to forge a world brand.l industrial chainSample SentencesDifferent companies in different nations will have their own advantages，which decide their positions in the world industrial chain.l adulteration1. The adulteration of foodstuffs is illegal.2. They have adulterated wine with water.l watered-down stocksSample SentencesWatered-down stocks are stocks that can be bought by insiders at a cost lower than their face value.l long tonshort tonmetric tonSample SentencesIf you can reduce your price of urea to 1200 US dollars per metric ton, we may be able to place an order of 150 180 metric tons.l best-seller Sample Sentences1. Our new product sells very well.2. This book is the best-seller of this year.l excessive consumptionSample Sentences1. The media undoubtedly played their part in the creation of excessive consumption.2. Excessive consumption affects the rise of prices to a great degree.l XXLdouble extra largel speculate in sharesl 炒作 hypel bank billbank paperl strike a bargain Sample Sentences1. They have to negotiate about the payment terms before concluding a transaction.2. We struck a bargain with the buyer by allowing 2discount on a purchase of not less than one great gross of individual itemsl system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residentsl acceptl hold the lineSample SentencesBusinesses are holding the line on hiring and spending plans because of uncertainty about the economy.l export (tax) rebate。Sample Sentences1. Export rebates have helped many enterprises survive the financial crisis.2. Tourist may have a tax rebate up to 20of the invoice value of the commodities.l bargain price1. These computers and other household appliances will be sold at bargain prices.2. These substandard items can be sold only