國際貿(mào)易中的付款方式.doc

國際貿(mào)易中的付款方式對(duì)外收款方式選擇規(guī)定、以及收付款方式說明一、對(duì)外收款方式選擇規(guī)定前T/T 款到生產(chǎn)Full payment in advance (A)收到款后給工廠傳合同,工廠開始生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,收到提單后,立刻寄單對(duì)我方最優(yōu)，沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不壓資金。但只適合小額貿(mào)易，也要考慮到這種做法很難為客戶所接受。而且這樣做對(duì)快速交貨不利。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)+ + +前T/T 款到發(fā)貨seller release the shipment after receipt buyers full payment (B)先給工廠傳合同,安排生產(chǎn),接到貨款后,發(fā)貨,收到提單后,立刻寄單適用范圍同（A）風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：如果為國外客戶生產(chǎn)的是定制產(chǎn)品或者是有保質(zhì)期的產(chǎn)品，要考慮到由于客戶遲遲不付款所導(dǎo)致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)+ + +前T/T款到發(fā)單seller release the shipping documents after receipt buyers full payment (C)先給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,接到貨款后,寄單據(jù)適用老客戶間的小額貿(mào)易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：產(chǎn)品不能是定制，特殊，易變質(zhì)和滯銷產(chǎn)品，而且運(yùn)費(fèi)比重不能過高。否則，一旦客戶在到港后不付款，將導(dǎo)致處理成本高昂。因此如果對(duì)客戶不了解或者對(duì)產(chǎn)品不熟悉，不宜采用此條款，金額如大于20000美金也不宜采用。尤其需要提醒的是，在FOB條款下要考慮到B/L的控制問題，絕對(duì)不能接受貨代提單-部分前T/T 款到生產(chǎn) 與部分前T/T 款到發(fā)單相結(jié)合？% payment in advance and seller release the shipping documents after receipt buyers the rest payment（A）+(C) 收到部分貨款后，開始生產(chǎn)，發(fā)貨，收到提單后，將提單復(fù)印件傳真給我客戶，等收到國外客戶剩余貨款后，寄單據(jù)適用：小額貿(mào)易，由于已經(jīng)取得客戶的部分前T/T,這樣就大大降低了客戶不接貨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：所收取的前T/T金額，最好能大于往返運(yùn)費(fèi)之和。萬一客戶不提貨，可以考慮運(yùn)回。+ +部分前T/T 款到發(fā)貨 與部分前T/T 款到發(fā)單相結(jié)合seller release the shipment after receipt buyers ？% payment and release the shipping documents after receipt buyers the rest payment （B）+(C)先給工廠傳合同,安排生產(chǎn),接到貨款后,發(fā)貨,收到提單后, 將提單復(fù)印件傳真給我客戶，等收到國外客戶剩余貨款后，寄單據(jù)基本同（A）+(C) 區(qū)別在于款到生產(chǎn)和款到發(fā)貨之間的差異風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：如果為國外客戶生產(chǎn)的是定制產(chǎn)品或者是有保質(zhì)期的產(chǎn)品，要考慮到由于客戶遲遲不付款所導(dǎo)致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)+ +后T/T貨到X X天收款The buyer shall pay the total value to the seller within x x days after receipt of goods (D)先給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨, 收到提單后,立刻寄單,等貨到達(dá)客戶那里后,收款適用條件：老客戶，老產(chǎn)品，須有持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的定單，每筆金額不大。產(chǎn)品的需求穩(wěn)定，價(jià)格平穩(wěn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大，一旦客戶提出t提出質(zhì)量爭(zhēng)議及索賠，將極為被動(dòng);最好在s/c中須規(guī)定客戶提出質(zhì)量爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)間。- - -后T/T 提單日后xx天收款Full payment within xx days after B/L date (E)先給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨, 收到提單后,立刻寄單,等到達(dá)規(guī)定的天數(shù)時(shí),收款基本同（D）在D和E的條款選擇中，兩害相權(quán)，E的安全性略高于D- - -(A) + (D) (A) + (E)(B) + (D) (B) + (E)(A) + (D):收到部分款后給工廠傳合同,工廠開始生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,收到提單后,立刻寄單,等貨到后,收其余貨款其他類似(A) + (D)參考D及E風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：收取部分預(yù)付款只不過是部分降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但由于預(yù)付款往往只有30%以內(nèi)，因此對(duì)D和E的性質(zhì)沒有改變，D、E風(fēng)險(xiǎn)繼續(xù)存在- -D/P 即期D/P at sight先給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,拿到提單后,將單據(jù)交給托收行,托收行再將單據(jù)交給代收行,代收行通知進(jìn)口人付款贖單,代收行收妥貨款后,將貨款轉(zhuǎn)給托收行,托收行再將貨款給我司D/P適用的金額不能超過3萬美金。而且D/P應(yīng)適用于老客戶，老產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：必須考察銀行信用，貨物比較常規(guī)及暢銷。如果是定制的特殊商品，不建議采用此付款方式。提單不能接受記名提單?？傊?，要充分考慮一旦客戶不議付造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)+L/C days接到客戶信用證后,給工廠傳合同,工廠開始生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,取得提單后,連同其他單據(jù),一起交給通知/議付行,銀行審單無誤后,將單據(jù)寄給開證行,開證行接單據(jù)審核無誤后,付款給議付/通知行, 議付/通知行再將款項(xiàng)給受益人(我方)適用于較大金額，或者是第三世界風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的地區(qū)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示：對(duì)第三世界的銀行開出的信用證要警惕；由于其費(fèi)用高，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不大，金額較小的情況下，可以說服客戶采取其他“+”類的支付方式+ +A+D/P即期B+D/P即期收到客戶部分款項(xiàng)后,給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn),發(fā)貨,取得提單后,連同其他單據(jù)交給托收行,托收行再將單據(jù)交給代收行,代收行向進(jìn)口人提示付款,進(jìn)口人付款后,代收行將款項(xiàng)劃撥給托收行,托收行將款項(xiàng)交給出口人(我方)先給工廠傳合同,安排生產(chǎn),等收到部分款后,安排發(fā)貨, 取得提單后,連同其他單據(jù)交給托收行,托收行再將單據(jù)交給代收行,代收行向進(jìn)口人提示付款,進(jìn)口人付款后,代收行將款項(xiàng)劃撥給托收行,托收行將款項(xiàng)交給出口人(我方)參考D/P即期由于預(yù)付部分資金，因此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更好控制+ + A + L/C收到客戶部分款項(xiàng)后,給工廠傳合同,安排工廠生產(chǎn)，接到信用證后，訂船，取得提單后,連同其他單據(jù),一起交給通知/議付行,銀行審單無誤后,將單據(jù)寄給開證行,開證行接單據(jù)審核無誤后,付款給議付/通知行, 議付/通知行再將款項(xiàng)給受益人(我方)參考L/C由于預(yù)付部分資金，因此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更好控制+ + +D/A:同T/T二、收付款方式說明1.安全的支付方式推薦以下付款方式為較安全的付款方式（1） 前T/T客戶如能預(yù)付貨款，此為最優(yōu)支付方式。（2） D/P與前T/T結(jié)合如果客戶能前T/T部分貨款，且此貨款足以可以支付往返運(yùn)費(fèi)及海關(guān)其他費(fèi)用，其余部分采取D/P，此方法可以使用。但不宜接受記名提單。如果金額較小，推薦使用以上兩種付款方式。在20000美元以下的，如果是老客戶，且信用較好，且此貨物比較常規(guī)及暢銷，又無變質(zhì)及保質(zhì)期問題，同時(shí)，又不是記名提單的情況，則可以接受純D/P。D/P下托收銀行須為一流的銀行。（3） 西方國家的L/C較大金額的情況下，建議接受L/C。但要對(duì)客戶及銀行的資信有一定的調(diào)查。但需要注意一些國家如非洲等國家的L/C是不可以接受的。如果客戶須做遠(yuǎn)期L/C則須詢問部門總經(jīng)理的意見后再作出決定。2.高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)支付方式D/A，遠(yuǎn)期支票，后T/T等皆屬高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)支付方式。一般不接受以上的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)支付方式。但對(duì)一些實(shí)力雄厚的公司或工廠在經(jīng)過調(diào)查后，認(rèn)為其值得信賴的情況下，向部門總經(jīng)理申請(qǐng)一定的額度，待其口頭同意后，方可執(zhí)行此類高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。術(shù)語1.revocable LCirrevocable LC可撤銷信用證不可撤銷信用證 2.confirmed LCunconfirmed LC 保兌信用證不保兌信用證 3.sight LCusance LC 即期信用證遠(yuǎn)期信用證 4.transferable LC(or)assignable LC(or)transmissible LC untransferable LC 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 5.divisible LCundivisible LC 可分割信用證不可分割信用證 6.revolving LC 循環(huán)信用證 7.LC with TT reimbursement clause 帶電匯條款信用證 8.without recourse LCwith recourse LC 無追索權(quán)信用證有追索權(quán)信用證 9.documentary LCclean LC 跟單信用證光票信用證 10.deferred payment LCanticipatory LC延付信用證預(yù)支信用證 11.back to back LCreciprocal LC對(duì)背信用證對(duì)開信用證 12.travellers LC(orcircular LC)旅行信用證 Selling Agent 銷售代理 According to the power the principal has delegated to a selling agent, the agent may just introduce the potential customer to the principal or actually negotiate and conclude the contract between the two parties. The have the following characteristics a) An agent can only operate within the marketing territory authorized by the principal. b) An agent does not carry stock. The goods are carried only as consignment inventory. Payment is based on delivery to the ultimate buyer. c) The principal (exporter) set the retail price, retains title and controls the goods. d) The profit and risk of loss remains within the principal, unless the agent is a del credere one. e) Agents are usually paid with commission. 按照委托人所授予其代理人的權(quán)利，銷售代理可能只負(fù)責(zé)向委托人介紹潛在客戶或者實(shí)際談判并簽訂雙方間的合同。代理人有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)： a)代理人只能在委托人所授權(quán)的代理區(qū)域內(nèi)執(zhí)行代理業(yè)務(wù)。 b)代理人本身不儲(chǔ)存貨物。代理人手中的貨物均為代銷的貨物，待最終的買主付款后，委托人才能收到貨款。 c)委托人（出口商）決定貨物的零售價(jià)格，擁有所有權(quán)并控制貨物。 d)委托人既享有利潤有承擔(dān)虧損風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，除非代理人為保付代理。 e)代理人的報(bào)酬通常為傭金。 商品品質(zhì)描述 商品品質(zhì)決定交易本質(zhì)上的價(jià)值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。 貿(mào)易上的品質(zhì)決定方法有：憑樣品買賣，憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣，憑規(guī)格買賣等。下面我們來看看品質(zhì)的表達(dá)發(fā)。 品質(zhì)優(yōu)良：quality is excellent superior very good fine best high wonderful supreme attractive 品質(zhì)低劣：quality is bad inferior not good poor imperfect defective faulty second-rate lower unsatisfactory 品質(zhì)保證：retain the good quality; keep up to the standard quality; obtain a good quality; attain the best quality; secure an excellent quality 物品以達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品質(zhì)：An article is up to the standard quality; An article is of the same quality as the standard; An article is equal to the standard quality; An article is the same as the standard quality 物品在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下：An article is below the standard 物品在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上：An article is above the standard 物品和樣品一致：An article is up to the sample; An article corresponds with the sample; An article is equal to the sample. -average quality 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品質(zhì) We would like to buy 500 tons of average quality corn. -customary quality 一般品質(zhì) The quality of the goods shipped is customary quality. -best quality, prime quality, first-rate quality 最佳品質(zhì) The goods supplied shall only be those of best quality. -quality inspection certificate 品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書 Please be sure to attach a quality inspection certificate. -difference in quality 品質(zhì)上的差異 There is a big difference in quality between the trial order and the order of this time. -guarantee of quality 品質(zhì)保證 We request a guarantee of quality for a period of one year on all the goods you sell. -sacrifice quality 降低品質(zhì) If you sacrifice the quality and deliver goods of imperfect quality to us, well will refuse acceptance of them. 市場(chǎng)行情描述 市況上揚(yáng) The market advances. The market gains. The market rises. 市況下挫 The market declines. The market falls. The market loses. 市況活躍 The market booms. The market is excited. The market becomes active. The market becomes brisk. 市況暴跌停滯 The market slumps. The market becomes dull. The market breaks down. 市況走勢(shì)上揚(yáng)，市況攀升走高 The market is on the up grade. The market is on an upward trend. The market tends upward. 市況走勢(shì)下跌，市況下劃走低 The market is on the down grade. The market tends downward. The market is on a downward trend. The market takes downward. 市況狂跌 The market declines. The market drops. The market sags. 市況暴漲 The market jumps. The market advances. The market soars. 市場(chǎng)行情百態(tài) 動(dòng)詞上揚(yáng)情況：The market improves (好轉(zhuǎn)) picks up (揚(yáng)升) hardens (轉(zhuǎn)趨堅(jiān)俏) stiffens (堅(jiān)挺) revives (復(fù)蘇) rebounds (反彈) regains (恢復(fù)) rallies (重振) . 下跌趨勢(shì)：The market collapses (崩潰) relaxes (疲軟) . 行情波動(dòng)：The market fluctuates (波動(dòng)). 形容詞上揚(yáng)情況：The market is strong (強(qiáng)勁) firm (堅(jiān)穩(wěn)) exciting (活躍) advancing (爬升) healthy (健康). 下跌趨勢(shì)：The market is weak (疲軟) soft (疲軟) easy (緩慢). 平穩(wěn)不變：The market is quite (靜止) calm (平靜) unchanged (不變) steady (平穩(wěn)) supported (平持) 外貿(mào)英語常見縮寫 1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) 2 TT(telegraphic transfer)電匯 3 DP(document against payment)付款交單 4 DA (document against acceptance)承兌交單 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原產(chǎn)地證 6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTNCTNS(cartoncartons)紙箱 8 PCEPCS(piecepieces)只、個(gè)、支等 9 DLDLS(dollardollars)美元 10 DOZD