Unit 1 Changes in theWay We Live.docVIP

Unit 1 Changes in theWay We LiveI. Difficult Sentences1.and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.Tell the meaning of the phrase “make it” and paraphrase this part of thesentence.(=The phrase “make it” means “succeed.” The meaning of this part is “With thewood we cut, the family can succeed in getting through the cold winter.”)2.Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will helpme make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplementsour indoor plumbing when we are working outside.Analyze thestructure of the sentence.(=The structure of this sentence is complicated.1) “The youngest of our four children” is in apposition to “Emily, 13.” 2) “that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside” is anattributive clause modifying “the outdoor toilet.”)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=過些時(shí)候，16歲的吉米和四個(gè)孩子中最小的13歲的埃米莉，會(huì)幫著我一起把拖了很久沒修的室外廁所修葺一下。我們?cè)谑彝飧苫顣r(shí)，這個(gè)廁所便成了室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備的補(bǔ)充。)3.There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place likethis and not much for the virtuous either.Tell the class the origin of the saying “There is no rest for the wicked.”(=The saying comes from the Bible, Isiah 57:21, “ no peace, saith my god, tothe wicked.” It is used in a jocular manner, meaning “theres no time forrelaxation; someone is kept busy all the time.”)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=正如老話說的那樣，在這種情形之下，壞人閑不著好人也歇不了。)4.While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the houseand barn, .Translate this part of the sentence into Chinese.(=暴風(fēng)雪肆虐，一場接著一場，厚厚的積雪覆蓋著屋子和谷倉)5.When spring came, it brought two floods.Read this paragraph and tell what “two floods” refer to here.(=The first flood refers to the overflow of the river covering their land whilethe other refers to agricultural produce.)6.Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave ofproduce.Whats the function of the phrase “swamping us under wave after wave ofproduce”?(=This v-ing form is one of the non-finite verbs (非謂語動(dòng)詞). It serves as an adverbial in thesentence and it indicates another action by the subject of the sentence.)Paraphrase the sentence.(=Then the growing season came and it brought us a lot of agriculturalproducts.)What attitude of the author can we infer from this sentence towards his countrylife?(=We can see that he was very satisfied with it and enjoyed the harvest.)7.The timing was terrible.Whats the meaning of this sentence in Chinese?(=時(shí)機(jī)選得實(shí)在太差。)Why does the author think so?(= 1) He had to pay the expensive tuition for his two girls. 2) He had only a few thousand dollarsin the bank.)8.The answer, decidedly, was no, and so with my employers blessings andhalf a years pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket off I went.Why did the author decide to quit his job even though it was a terrible timing?What could be the reasons for the authors decision to leave the city?(=Though it was a terrible timing, the author was clear that there would be no“good” timing at all. Possible reasons for his decision are as follows:A) He didnt think his job was good.B) He longed for risks and changes in his life.C) He was attracted by the good harvest his family had got the year before.D) He was fascinated by the hectic, self-reliant and colorful life in thecountryside.)9.It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that.What does the word “that” in the sentence refer to?(=It refers to “the first $500 the family pays.” Suppose the medical fee is$1,000, the family has to pay $500 while the insurance company will pay $400.)10. and we are covered againstcatastrophe.Translate this part into Chinese.(=而且我們給自己投了巨災(zāi)險(xiǎn)。)II. Words & Expressionsget by: begood enough but not very good; manage to live or do things in a satisfactoryway- Itis a little bit difficult for the old couple to get by on such a small pension.- 我父母靠很少的錢將就著把日子過了下去。(=Myparents managed to get by on a small amount of money.)haul: vt.1.transport, as with a truck, cart, etc.- Thefarmers haul vegetables to the market on a truck every morning.- 救援隊(duì)把藥品和食物運(yùn)到被淹的村莊。(=Therescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages.)2.pull or drag sth. with effort or force- Acrane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream.- Rescueworkers hauled passengers out of the crashed train.CF: haul,drag & pull 這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。haul 指緩慢而費(fèi)力地拖一極重之物，有時(shí)可表示很困難地拽。例如： - Lorrieshaul heavy goods from factories to ports.(=大卡車把沉重的貨物從工廠運(yùn)到港口。)drag 指施力者在地面或表面上緩慢而沉重地把東西拖過一段距離，該詞通常使人想到主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的阻力。例如：- Youmight drag a heavy box across the ground if you couldnt lift it.(=如果你提不動(dòng)一個(gè)重箱子，你可以在地上拖著它走。)pull 為最普通用詞，可指朝各個(gè)方向拉，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)用力大小。該詞后面可添加副詞或副詞詞組具體描述拖拉動(dòng)作的用力大小或方向等。例如： - Theypulled hard but the rock remained stock-still.(=他們使勁地拉，可那石頭仍紋絲不動(dòng)。)supplement: 1. vt.add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with)- Petersupplements his ordinary income by writing books.- 醫(yī)生建議在我的飲食中補(bǔ)充維生素 E 和 A。(=Thedoctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A.)2. n.an additional amount of sth.- Doyou read the color supplements of the Sunday newspapers?(=你讀周日?qǐng)?bào)紙的彩色增刊嗎？)get through: come successfully to the end- 當(dāng)?shù)卣巡扇∫恍┐胧┮源_保所有人順利過冬。(=Thelocal government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will getthrough the winter.)- Shegot through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college.on balance: withall things considered- Onbalance, its probably not advisable to change the companys name.- 我想，總的來說我更喜歡新的操作系統(tǒng)。(=Ithink, on balance, I prefer the new operating system.)NB: balance的反義詞是 imbalance。此外，與 balance 有關(guān)的其他搭配有：keepones balance保持平衡 loseones balance失去平衡 strikea balance力求折中 in thebalance不確定，成敗或安危未定 illustrate: vt. providewith visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. - Letme use another example to illustrate this difficult point.CF: illustrate,exemplify & demonstrate 這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“舉例說明”之意。illustrate表示不僅使用具體事例而且有時(shí)使用圖畫，目的是使說明生動(dòng)、逼真或有效，從而真實(shí)地說明某一觀點(diǎn)。例如：- Theway that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart sends blood aroundthe body.(=水泵的工作原理可用來解釋心臟是如何將血液送至全身各處的。)exemplify可用于舉例說明某一籠統(tǒng)、抽象的陳述，也可用于舉出某事物的典型或范例。例如： - Knightsexemplified courage and courtesy.(=武士們是勇敢與禮貌的榜樣。)demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的證據(jù)證實(shí)某一學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，也可用于說明人或事。例如： - Galileodemonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.(=伽俐略證實(shí)了重量不同的物體以同樣的速度下落。)digest:1. n.a short account of written materials or data- ReadersDigest is apopular magazine in the US.- Hewas so busy that he only read a concise digest of their project.2. v.1)change sth. into a form that the body can use- 瑪麗吃肥肉不消化。(=Marycant digest fat.)2)think about sth. carefully and understand it- Iheard her speech, but I havent digested it yet.- 吸收新思想往往需要很長時(shí)間。(=Itoften takes long time to digest new ideas.)generate: vt. bringinto existence; produce - 煤燃燒時(shí)，產(chǎn)生熱量。(=Whencoal burns, it generates heat.)- Thewidespread use of Spanish in some American cities has generated a public debateover language use in the country.- Theteachers remark generated loud laughter.insurance: n. guarantee of compensation for loss, damage,sickness, death, etc. in return for regular payment- Doesyour insurance cover damage by flooding?- Ourfirm carries fire insurance. Collocation：accidentinsurance意外保險(xiǎn) medicalinsurance 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) privatehealth insurance私人健康保險(xiǎn) disabilityinsurance 傷殘保險(xiǎn) socialinsurance社會(huì)保險(xiǎn) unemploymentinsurance 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) wholelife insurance終身人壽保險(xiǎn) pick up:1) beready to pay2)improve3) gain; get4) take hold of and lift up5)gather together; collect6) collectsomeone or something from a placeMatchthe following sentences with appropriate definitions above. Wheredid you pick up your excellent English? (3)Pleasepick up all your toys when youve finished playing. (5)If heloses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. (1)Illpick you up at your hotel. (6)Shepicked up a stone and threw it at the window. (4)Maryhas been ill, but shes picking up now. (2)aside from: exceptfor; in addition to (more usual in American English; same as apart from)- Asidefrom an occasional game of tennis, he doesnt take any exercise.- Thiscomposition is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes.- 萬籟俱寂，只有從遠(yuǎn)處偶爾傳來汽車?yán)嚷暋?=Everythingwas quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car horn in the distance.)cut back: reducein size or amountPattern:cut back sth.; cut back on sth.- Thegovernment has cut back on defense spending.- 我們反對(duì)任何削減教育預(yù)算的計(jì)劃。(=Weoppose any plans to cut back (on) education budget.)suspect: 1. v.1)believe to be true, likely or probablePattern:suspect that - Istrongly suspect that theyre trying to get rid of me.2)believe to be guiltyPattern:suspect sb./sth. of sth.- Thepolice suspect him of murder.2. n.a person who is suspected of guilt, esp. in a crime - Thepolice have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.3. adj.of uncertain truth, quality, etc.- Thatis a rather suspect answer; I dont believe it.CF: suspect,assume & presume 這幾個(gè)詞都可用作動(dòng)詞，都有“主觀想像”之意 suspect意思是“猜想”、“覺得會(huì)”、“有點(diǎn)感覺到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，該詞有“懷疑”、“懷疑某人有罪”之意。例如：- Wesuspected that he was lost, even before we were told.(=別人告訴我們之前，我們就懷疑他失蹤了。)- Heis suspected of murdering that old lady. (=他被懷疑殺了那位老婦人。)assume意思是“假定”、“設(shè)想”，指把一件尚未證實(shí)的事作為事實(shí)或真理。例如： - Heassumed that the train would be on time. (=他假定火車會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。)presume也有“假定”、“設(shè)想”的意思，但它指根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或某些現(xiàn)實(shí)的感覺認(rèn)為某事屬實(shí)，雖然還沒有確鑿的證據(jù)。例如：- Thecourt presumed the death of the man who disappeared during the war.(=法庭假定那個(gè)在戰(zhàn)爭中失蹤的人已死亡。)budget: n. a plan of how to arrange private or publicincome or spending- Adamlimits himself to a daily budget of $10.- Atlast, the governments efforts to balance the budget ended in failure.Collocation：drawup a budget 制定預(yù)算 submita budget提交一項(xiàng)預(yù)算報(bào)告balancea budget平衡預(yù)算exceeda budget超出預(yù)算cut/reducea budget減少預(yù)算afederal/household/municipal/national budget聯(lián)邦/家庭收支/市政/國家預(yù)算device: n. a piece of equipment designedto serve a special purpose- Theysuspected that an explosive device had been left somewhere inside the building.- 她發(fā)明了一種能在下雨時(shí)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉窗戶的裝置。 (=Sheinvented a device that automatically closes windows when it rains.)CF:device,instrument & implement這幾個(gè)詞都可用作名詞，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。device表示“（為某種用途而制作或改裝的）裝置、器具”。例如：- Ihave fitted a device to my car which opens the garage doors automatically.(=我車上裝了一個(gè)能自動(dòng)開啟車庫門的裝置。)instrument表示“器械”、“儀器”、“（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)或航海、航空等的）測量儀器 ”、“儀表”，表示為技術(shù)工作設(shè)計(jì)的工具，著重于工具的精密與復(fù)雜。例如：- Allsurgical instruments must be sterilized before use.(=所有外科手術(shù)器械使用前都必須消毒。)implement指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于戶外如園藝或農(nóng)用的工具。例如： - Mansearliest implements were carved from stone and bone. (=人類最早的工具是用石頭和骨頭鑿刻而成。)profit: n.1.money gained by business - Hemakes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.- 他以獲利價(jià)出售了他的房子。(=Hesold his house at a profit.)2.advantage gained from some action- Finishingcollege will be your profit.- Ihave read this book with profit.Collocation：clear/earn/make/turna profit獲得利潤 divideprofits 分紅利aclear/net profit 凈利 agross profit 毛利，總利潤poorprofits 薄利 smallprofits and quick returns 薄利多銷at aprofit 獲利地、有利可圖地 CF: profit,interest & advantage 這幾個(gè)詞都可用作名詞，均有“利益”、“好處”之意。profit指在物質(zhì)與精神方面的好處，但以金錢方面為主。例如：- Thecompany has targeted a quite high profit for the year.(=公司為今年制定了較高的贏利目標(biāo)。)interest當(dāng)“利益”講時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： - Apublic servant is to work in the interests of the public.(=公務(wù)員應(yīng)該為公眾謀利益。)advantage常指有利條件或優(yōu)勢地位。例如：- Dontyou think it a double advantage for us?(=難道你不認(rèn)為這對(duì)我們來說是一件一舉兩得的事嗎？)- Hewas adept at maintaining a psychological advantage.(=他擅于保持一種心理上的優(yōu)勢。) Useful Expressions過得去get by尋覓心靈的滿足find contentment一種自力更生的生活a self-reliant sort of life大地回暖的氣息the smell of the earth warming繁忙的日程安排 a demandingschedule日常的家務(wù)usual household routine正如老話說的那樣