（新課標(biāo)）高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯(cuò)選練（7）.doc

（新課標(biāo)）2016高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯(cuò)選練（7）閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 體裁：議論文話題：歷史故事時(shí)間：6分鐘the movies just wouldnt be the same without the warm buttery taste of popcorn.amazingly，this delicious treat started its life as a corn kernel(玉米粒)and not from just any corn.popcorn is a type of sweet corn that was originally grown in mexico and spread to china，india and elsewhere.it is the only kind of corn that will pop.today，most of the worlds popcorn is grown in the united states. every popcorn kernel contains a tiny drop of water，surrounded by soft starch(淀粉)when the popcorn is heated，the water turns into steam.this puts pressure on the surrounding hard kernel，forcing it to explode.the soft starch increases about 40 times in size as the corn kernel turns itself inside out.in the 1500s popcorn was an important food source for the aztec indians of central and southern mexico.but it wasnt only food.it was also used in ceremonies or in headdresses and necklaces.by the time the europeans arrived in america，popcorn had spread through most of the american indians.some early american settlers ate popcorn with cream and sugar for breakfast.but it wasnt until the late 1800s that popcorn became popular.the demand for popcorn increased and farmers began farming popcorn.the first mobile popping machine was invented in 1885，and popcorn was sold by street sellers much like hot dogs are sold today.during the great depression of the 1930s，the popcorn business still thrived as people could still afford it.then in the 1950s television arrived and popcorn consumption decreased.people stayed home and stopped going to the theatre.but the link between movies and popcorn had already existed.soon people began making popcorn at home on the stove.later，microwave popcorn was introduced.today the movies have regained popularity and popcorn has once again become the favorite.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】沒有溫?zé)嵯闾鸬谋谆?，電影似乎也?huì)失去味道吧。那么，關(guān)于爆米花你又了解多少呢？1popcorn was first planted in _.achina bamericacindia dmexico解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知答案。答案d2why does the corn kernel pop when heated?abecause it is covered with soft starch.bbecause the pressure inside is too big.cbecause the starch becomes bigger in size.dbecause there is water inside the kernel.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三兩句可知，玉米粒內(nèi)的水并不能直接導(dǎo)致它炸開，而是水蒸氣產(chǎn)生的壓力作用于四周堅(jiān)硬的內(nèi)核上，造成它爆炸。故答案選b。答案b3we can know from the passage that _.apopcorn began to be farmed in the late 1800sbpopcorn was only a kind of food in the 1500s chot dogs used to be sold by street sellersdpeople stopped going to the movies without popcorn解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三兩句可知，是在19世紀(jì)末期，隨著人們對(duì)爆米花需求的增長，農(nóng)民們才開始種植這種玉米。答案a4the underlined word“thrived” in the fifth paragraph probably means “_ ”astarted to be popularbwas seriously affectedcsuffered a lot ddeveloped very well解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文的still以及下文的as people could still afford it可推斷出，這里指即使是在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期，因?yàn)楸谆ㄈ匀皇侨藗冑I得起的食品，所以爆米花產(chǎn)業(yè)仍然發(fā)展得很好。答案d【閱讀理解】housed in milan, one of europes dirtiest cities, leonardo da vincis masterpiece the last supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.in 2009, italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通風(fēng)) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from milans polluted air. to see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by constantinos sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the university of southern california, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “its a spectacular reduction，” sioutas said in a statement. “it is, frankly, very impressive.”although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. however, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher nancy daher of the university of southern california.even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, daher said. tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光澤) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.the researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1what does the underlined word “particulates” in paragraph 2 probably mean?athe smallest parts of a chemical substance.bthings dirtier than usual.ccertain types of gas.dextremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2according to the text, the following factors pollute the painting except _afatty lipids from the skin btiny particles of the waxcbreath of the visitors ddust in the air3according to the researchers, which of the following is not true of their airsample analysis?a. the airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.bthe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.cthe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.dthe airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da vincis painting were decreased successfully.4what can be the best title of the text?ahow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelybthe famous painting da vincis the last supperckeeping air pollution from damaging da vincis the last supperdhow to protect artwork in households【要點(diǎn)綜述】保存在意大利米蘭市一家教堂的達(dá)芬奇名畫最后的晚餐受到空氣污染的影響。雖采取了措施使教堂空氣質(zhì)量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隱患。1d詞義猜測(cè)題。綜合分析文章及該詞所在句子，可推知該詞意為“顆粒(污染)物”。2c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章信息可知，對(duì)名畫最后的晚餐帶來污染的因素主要有參觀者皮膚上的油脂、修復(fù)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的蠟顆粒及空氣中的灰塵等。3b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一、二段可知，雖然教堂室內(nèi)環(huán)境大為改善，但這幅偉大的畫作仍受到各種污染物的威脅。4c主旨大意題。綜合分析文章可知，本文主要介紹如何保護(hù)達(dá)芬奇的名畫最后的晚餐免受污染物的影響，故c項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題最佳?！居砂不帐『戏适?014高考模擬題改編】閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。scientists in uk have grown a living human brain. the team at aston university created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.they believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like parkinsons disease. professor michael coleman is leading the research program. he explained, we are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. the experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (腫瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. this, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. neil hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, it is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (癡呆).the technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the humane research trust (hrt). the scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. professor coleman believes their findings could change this. he said，we hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. however, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research.1. uk scientists grow a living human brain in order to _.a. study the structure of human brain b. make use of living human cell system c. discover how human brain really works d. separate cells from a cancer tumour2. according to neil hunt, research into brain cells _.a. will get finished as early as possibleb. will make people discover dementiac. will affect the brain growth in many waysd. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system3. from the last paragraph，we can know that _a. the technique provided by hrt is immatureb. animal tests are no longer allowed by lawc. a million people suffer from brain diseasesd. the research program lacks financial support4. the text is intended to _.a. tell us about a breakthrough in medical researchb. introduce a research program in humans brainc. introduce the progress of drugs for dementiad. tell us about health problem in nerve system【參考答案】14、cddb閱讀理解。 in the fall of 1985. i was a bright-eyed girl heading off to howard university, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a supreme court bench somewhere. twenty-one years later i am later i am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell. my grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. she was the first in our family to reach that goal. but one year after i started college, she developed cancer. i made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. it meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait. then i got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. in 1999, we adopted our first son. to lay eyes on him was fantastic-and very emotional. a year later came our second adopted boy. then followed son no. 3. in 2003, i gave birth to another boy. you can imagine how fully occupied i became, raising four boys under the age of 81. our home was a complete zoo-a joyous zoo. not surprising, i never did make it back to college full-time. but i never gave up on the dream either. i had only one choice: to find a way. that meant talking as few as one class each semester. the hardest part was feeling guilty about the time i spent away from the boys. they often wanted me to stay home with them. there certainly were times i wanted to quit, but i knew i should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.in 2007, i graduated from the university of north carolina. it took me over 21 years to get my college degree！i am not special, just single-minded. it always struck me that when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when youre in the midst of it, it just seems normal. everything you want wont arrive in your life on one day. its a process. remember；little steps add up to big dreams.( ) 1. when the author went to howard university, her dream was tobe a. a writer b. a teacher c. a judge d. a doctor( ) 2. why did the author quit school in her second year of college?a. she wanted to study by herself.b. she fell in love and got married.c. she suffered from a serious illness.d. she decided to look after her grandma. ( ) 3. what can we learn about the author from paragraphs 4 and 5?a. she was busy yet happy with her family life.b. she ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.c. she wanted to remain a full-time housewife.d. she was too confused to make a correct choice.( ) 4. what dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?a. failure is the mother of success. b、little by little, one goes far.c. every coin has two sides. d、well begun, half done.( ) 5.which of the following can best describe the author?a. caring and determine. b、honest and responsible.c、ambitious and sensitive. d、innocent and single-minded.【文章大意】記敘文。文章介紹了作者取得本科學(xué)位的過程中做的事情。1.c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a supreme court bench somewhere.，可知答案為c。2.d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章i made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. it meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.可知答案。3.a 推理判斷題，由you can imagine how fully occupied i became, raising four boys under the age of 8. our home was a complete zoo-a joyous zoo. 作者需要養(yǎng)育4個(gè)兒女，同時(shí)還要堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的夢(mèng)想， joyous可見作者在感到家庭是忙碌而幸福的。4.b推理判斷題。根據(jù)everything you want wont arrive in your life on one day. its a process. remember；little steps add up to big dreams.可以看出作者的學(xué)習(xí)是在循序漸進(jìn)，千里之行始于足下，最終才取得學(xué)位的。little by little ,one goes far.與之符合。5.a推理判斷題。通過全文作者照顧祖母和照顧家庭，可以看出作者caring；通過作者堅(jiān)持不懈的學(xué)習(xí)，最終拿到學(xué)位，可以看出作者的決心determine，選a。短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。 christine was just a girl in one of my classes. i never knew much about her except for that she was strange. she didnt talk many. her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer. she was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her. like the rest of my classmate, i didnt really want to get closed to her. it was only when we did their chemistry project together that i begin to understand why christine dressed the way she did . 【參考答案】4.試題分析：本文敘述了作者的同學(xué)christine在大家的眼里是非常奇怪的一個(gè)人，她穿著奇怪的服裝，話語不多，也不在乎別人對(duì)她的看法，可就在作者與她進(jìn)行一次化學(xué)的合作項(xiàng)目時(shí)，才理解為什么她總是把自己打扮成那個(gè)樣子?！拘☆}1】考查短語。句意：除了她是非常的奇怪，我對(duì)她了解不多。except for +名詞或代詞，不跟句子，所以應(yīng)去掉for，except that+句子?！拘☆}2】考查固定短語。句意：她的話語不多。這里用來修飾動(dòng)詞用much， many修飾可數(shù)名詞?！拘☆}3】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。worn是wear的過去分詞，它的過去式是wore，這里短文敘述的是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)該用過去式?！拘☆}4】考查副詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋及黑色的毛衣，甚至實(shí)在夏天。although后跟句子，even是副詞，后可跟介詞短語?！拘☆}5】考查形容詞。句意：她實(shí)際上很招人喜歡的。attractively是副詞；attractive是形容詞，在這里作表語?！拘☆}6】考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：她從不考慮其他的人是怎樣看她的。這里是seemed to do似乎做某事?！拘☆}7】考查名詞。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。classmate 是單數(shù)；classmates是復(fù)數(shù)，因?yàn)閠he rest of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，故用classmates?！拘☆}8】考查固定短語。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。get close to sb接近某人。是固定短語?！拘☆}9】考查代詞。句意：就在我們?cè)谝黄鹱龌瘜W(xué)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我才真正地理解她為什么打扮成那樣。這里their他們的；our我們的。形容詞性物主代詞應(yīng)該與主語we一致，所以用our?！拘☆}10】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：就在我們?cè)谝黄鹱龌瘜W(xué)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我才真正地理解她為什么打扮成那樣。根據(jù)前面的謂語動(dòng)詞was與did 可知這里敘述的是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)該用過去式began?？键c(diǎn)：短文改錯(cuò)。點(diǎn)評(píng)：文中考查了固定短語，代詞、形容詞、副詞及動(dòng)詞等的用法及意義，需要考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)并能正確理解短文的內(nèi)容，還需要會(huì)分析復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)而判斷用該詞的什么形式。短文改錯(cuò) 共10小題 每小題1分 滿分10分假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（a )，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ )劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線（一），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。time flies as an arrow. im already in grade 3 after i realize it. it is only a little more than seven months before i graduated from our school. at the present, im busy review my lessons in order to take the college entrance examinations. i hope attend beijing university, that is considered to be one of the best. most of my classmate are studying very hard to realize our dreams. i do believe everyone will be able to enter a very well university.【參考答案】5.as like afterbefore graduatedgraduate at the present -the 去掉 reviewreviewing hope后加to thatwhich classmateclassmates our their well-good6.假定英語課上老師要求同