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八年級下期中考試要點串講 要點歸納1某人擁有/某地存在(有)某物:People will have robots in the near future.People是主語,位于動詞之前There will be robots working in factories.Robots是主語,位于動詞之后若寫成Robots will be working in factories.在意義不表示“將會有”的意思。翻譯下列句子:There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.There will be more free time.區(qū)別下列句子:A -I will be an engineer in ten years. Be here means becomeB-There will be an engineer in my family in ten years. Be here means existC-These(robots)will be in every home. Be here means “come true”某地存在(有)某物句型的疑問、否定、肯定回答和否定回答。There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.改寫為疑問句_ _ be more birds singing in the trees in ten years?作肯定回答 Yes,_ _.否定回答 No,_ _.There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.改為疑問句_ _ be less pollution in the river after fewer factories?There will be more free time.改為否定句 There _ be more free time要點歸納2 情態(tài)動詞 can, may, might, could, would and should等。Might ,could ,would, should 四個情態(tài)動詞既是may, can, will, shall的過去時,又不表示過去時,而是情態(tài)動詞,要同實意動詞連用,常用的還有must ,neednt, cant. might 表示 小于50%的可能性,could 表示一種客氣的請求, would 表示有禮貌的邀請,should 表示應當/該。 典型考題區(qū)別:He can speak several languages.He is able to swim across the river, though it is flooded.-Could you tell me where Center Street _(is was)?-Sorry, I _(couldnt cant).I would like you to come to my house.(Should Would) you mind my invitation? 邀請的,委婉的說法常用的還有Why not _( come to come) to my house?Should 常用于提出建議You _(should would) say youre sorry.Maybe you _(could should) give him a ticket to a ball game. could 用于勸說更委婉(潛在的意思是“這不就和解了?!保╮efer to page11 課文句子改寫)You_(should would)be ashamed of yourself. 語氣堅決,應該You _(wouldnt shouldnt) tell lies.含有責備,不應當It _(should might) be easy.表示期待某事發(fā)生或?qū)δ呈逻M行推斷Might only means not sure要點歸納3當心句末的時間詞/標志詞前面有Look, -. Listen,-. 我們知道后面的句子要用“現(xiàn)在正在進行時”Look, mom is driving her new car.Listen, something strange is happening outside.當心后面的時間詞 at that time, at 8 oclock yesterday when引導過去時間的動作,(有時也可以引導過去進行時。) while可以引導過去正在進行時,如:page19 2b改寫句子1 The boy was walking down the street when suddenly a UFO landed. When 引導的動作突然插入到前面正在進行的動作之中,3 While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人正在買紀念品,乘此時間,另一個動作發(fā)生了。P20 4A: What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?B: I was sleeping at that time.4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. when 與while區(qū)分:(1)當.的時候,如后面連接的動詞為進行時態(tài),則用while多于用when。而when通常與瞬間性動詞或延續(xù)性不強的動詞連用。(2)如果while前后的動詞都是進行時態(tài),while可譯為與此同時I was reading while my brother was drawing. (含有對比而非轉(zhuǎn)折)(3)當while前后的句子描述的情況相對或相反,while可譯為而,while更強調(diào)并列的對比而非轉(zhuǎn)折。e.g. I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy. 總之,when表示做某種動作的時間或瞬間,由其引導的時間狀語的時態(tài)如果是一般過去時,其主句通常要用過去進行時。while表示略長的一段時間,由其引導的時間狀語從句用過去進行時,而主句時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況而定。過去進行時的用法過去進行時由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。其用法有:1.表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如:I was doing my homework at eight oclock last night. 昨晚八點我正在做作業(yè)。2.表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作。如:They were building a house last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一座房子。3.表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習慣性動作。常與always等詞連用。如:Little Tom was always asking many questions. 小湯姆總是會問許多的問題。4.動詞come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞用過去進行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如:They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他們想知道我們什么時候去上海。過去進行時和一般過去時的用法比較:一般過去時強調(diào)過去某個時候或某段時間曾有過的某個已結(jié)束的動作;過去進行時則強調(diào)過去某個時候或某段時間正在進行的動作。如:Lily wrote a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚給她阿姨寫了封信。(信已寫完了。)Lily was writing a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚一直在給她阿姨寫信。(強調(diào)寫的動作一直在進行,信不一定寫完。)課文的例句很多,可以仿造練習。要點歸納4本單元重點解決陳述句的間接引語。(預備知識: 1 陳述句 2 疑問句 3 祈使句。對于初上講臺的教師,要懂得鋪墊這些知識的重要性。)把直接引語變成間接引語,中英文存在很大的差異,夸張地說是“牽一發(fā)而動全身”。直接引語和間接引語 直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi),間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。時態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài),即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時等。1.陳述句的間接引語陳述句由直接引語變間接引語,通常由that引導,可以省略。參見課文例句page 27“I am not mad at Marcia anymore.” Lana told us. “我不再對Marcia生氣了?!?Lana說。Lana told us that she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore.Lana說她不再對Marcia生氣了。Marcia said to everyone, “I am not going to have the surprise party.”Marcia對每一個人說:“我不打算開一個驚喜晚會?!盡arcia told everyone that she wasnt going to have the surprise party. Marcia對每一個人說她不打算開一個驚喜晚會。要點歸納5If 的用法例句:What will happen if they have the party tomorrow?如果他們明天開晚會,將會發(fā)生什么?If you become a professional athlete, youll be able to-如果你成了專業(yè)運動員,你就將能夠-當if 引導條件狀語從句時,表示“如果”時,必需要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)替代將來時,類似還有連詞as long as unless before while when if once the moment as soon asI dont know if it will rain tomorrow, if it rains tomorrow, I wont go camping with you.前面的if表示是否,用將來時態(tài),后面的 if 才表示條件。翻譯下列句子: 1 如果你不馬上走的話,你就會遲到。.2 你看醫(yī)生之前,什么東西都不可以吃。3 你們不來,我們不會出發(fā)。4 在湯姆回來前,我不會告訴你的。5 沒洗手前,別吃東西。Keys1 If you dont go soon, youll be late.2 If you are ill, youll have to see the doctor.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor= You mustnt eat anything before you see the doctor.3 We wont start until you come.4 I wont tell you until Tom comes back.5 Dont eat until you wash your hands八年級下學期期中復習(一)一重點詞匯1. in the future in the future意為“將來,一段時間之后的事”;in future意為“今后”,可解釋為from now on,如: The little boy didnt know what he would do in the future, but he did know that he wouldnt talk with Bob in future because they had just had a big fight. 小男孩兒不知道將來要做什么,但他的確知道他今后不會再和Bob說話了,因為他們剛打了一架。2. fall (過去式:fell;過去分詞:fallen) fall down 跌倒, 例如: He fell down to the ground. fall in love with 愛上某人或某物, 例如: He fell in love with her. fall into 掉入, 例如:He fell into the river. fall onto跌倒在之上, 例如: He fell onto the ground from his bike. fall off 從跌落下來, 例如: He fell off his bicycle.3. talk 的用法 talk about sth.意思是“談論某事”, 例如: Now lets talk about your homework. 現(xiàn)在我們來談談你的作業(yè)。 talk with sb. 意思是“和某人交談”, 例如: My mother is talking with my English teacher. 我媽媽在和我的英語老師交談。 talk to sb.意思是“對某人談”, 例如: The teacher is talking to the students. 老師在對學生們談話。 talk over sth.作“討論某事”解,賓語是代詞時須位于副詞over之前, 例如: They talked over the matter at table.他們吃飯時討論了這個問題。 give a talk意思是“作一個報告” 注意要表示 “告訴某人某事”時,須用tell sb. about sth.這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。4. argue with sb和discuss argue 重在就自己的看法、立場提出論證說理,以說服他人。 而 discuss 重在交換意見,進行討論,不含有意說服對方的成分, 如: I argued with him for a long time,but he refused to listen to reason. 我和他辯論了好久,但他拒不服理。 The women were discussing hats. 女人們在談論帽子。 argue的常見搭配有: argue on / about sth. 就進行辯論 argue with sbabout sth就某事與某人一起辯論 5. enough “足夠的,充足的” enough作為形容詞放在名詞之前,起修飾名詞作用,作為副詞修飾形容詞或副詞放置其后,常用于: be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型,意為“足以能”,如: She has drunk enough water/water enough. 她已經(jīng)喝了足夠的水。 Im strong enough for this work. 我夠強壯,足以能勝任這項工作。 The boy is not old enough to go to school. 這孩子不夠上學的年齡。 He runs fast enough. No one can catch up with him. 他跑得足夠的快。沒人能趕得上他。 另外,enough前除可用quite外,一般不用修飾;enough作名詞用時,表示“足夠,充足”,如: The man never has enough. 這個人永遠不知足。 Ive had enough,thank you. 我吃飽了,謝謝。6. find, find out和look for find表示“找到,認為,覺得”,強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。常指找到丟失或忘掉的東西,如: Jim couldnt find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。 I cant find my book.我找不到我的書。 look for意為“找,尋找”是持續(xù)性動詞,強調(diào)動作,不表示結(jié)果,如: She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。 Im looking for my watch. 我正在尋找我的手表。 比較:He cant find his pen.他找不到他的鋼筆了。 - What are you looking for? 你在干什么? - Im looking for my maths book. I cant find it. 我正找我的數(shù)學書,我找不到了。 find out作經(jīng)過打聽,詢問 后搞清楚,弄明白。或指“查明”的動作,“經(jīng)過調(diào)查”發(fā)現(xiàn),查明真相,如: I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事實的真相。7. be angry with sb;be angry at sth(1)表示“對某人生氣”,可以說 be/get/become angry with sb. 也可說be/get/become angry at sb. 前者更普遍,后者更側(cè)重于:“對某人的言行生氣”。 如: Mother got angry at(with)me only because I had broken a precious cup 媽媽對我發(fā)火,只是因為我打破了一只貴重的杯子。 I was very(rather)angry at what he said我對他所說的話非常生氣。(2)表示“因某事生氣”,可說be/get/become angry at sth. 也可說be/get/become angry about sth. 如: He was angry at(about)what I said他對我所說的感到生氣。 She was angry at being kept waiting她因別人讓她久候而生氣。8. on the tree和in the tree 表示“在樹上”既可以用on也可以用in,但用的詞不一樣,所隱含的意思也就不一樣: in the tree通常表示所提物體不是樹上長出來的,而是掛在、落在或是停歇在樹上,如: The birds are singing in the trees. 鳥在樹上唱歌。 The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在樹上。 on the tree通常表示所提物體是樹上長出來的部分,如: They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他們正忙著摘樹上的蘋果。 There arent many oranges on the tree. 這棵樹上桔子不多。9. the same as 同一樣的 same adj.同一的,相同的,如: Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的這個時間和我見面。 pron. 同樣的事物,如: I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。 the sameas 同一樣的,表示與as后的事物很相像,但并不是同一個,如: Your pen is the same as mine. 你的鋼筆和我的一樣。 the same that = one and the same 同一樣的,表示與as后的事物完全一致,完全一樣,如: He was wearing the same shirt (that) hed on the day before. 他穿的那件襯衫, 是他前一天穿過的同一件襯衫。 I went out the same way (that) Id got in. 我順著進來的原路出去了。10. help with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事,如:He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English. 他經(jīng)常幫助我學習英語。11. bored 和boring.bored 表示被動的含義,例如:I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。boring 表示主動的含義,例如:It is very boring to study English. 學習英語很無聊。12. surprise 動詞“使驚奇”,如:You surprise me! 你嚇了我一跳!(1)surprise 還可以作為名詞“驚奇,吃驚”;“可驚的事情, 意外的事情”。作為“令人吃驚的事情,意外的事情”是可數(shù)名詞,如: What a surprise! 多么令人吃驚的事! Dont tell him about the present its a surprise. 不要告訴他禮物的事,這是件意想不到的禮物。(2)surprising 形容詞“令人吃驚的”,表示主動的含義,如: They have heard the surprising news. 他們聽到了那驚人的消息。(3)surprised 形容詞“感到驚訝的”,表示被動的含義,如: I am surprised at you. 我對你的舉動感到詫異。(4)to ones surprise 使某人非常驚奇的是,如: To my surprise,I found him sing well. 使我吃驚的是他歌唱得很好。八年級下學期期中復習(二)一重點詞匯1. different kinds of 意為“不同種類的”,“各種各樣的”,等于all kinds of,kinds of 后面接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞均可。 kind有兩個詞性:1)kind作名詞,意為“種類”。 如: There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 動物園里有很多種動物。2)kind作形容詞,意為“和善的,友好的”。 如: Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好了。2. advice 意為“勸告,意見,忠告”等,是不可數(shù)名詞,前不加冠詞。 可用“a piece of advice”,“pieces of advice”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示數(shù)量。 與advice搭配的動詞短語有: ask sb. for advice向某人征求意見 follow/take sbs advice遵從某人的勸告 give sb. some advice 給某人提出建議 如: The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health. 醫(yī)生對如何提高我們的身體素質(zhì)提出了一些建議。3. 辨析leave和forget 這兩個詞都有“遺忘,忘記”的意思,但用法不同,注意區(qū)別。1)leave+sth.+sp. 指“把某物遺忘在某地” 如: I left my notebook in the classroom. 我把筆記本忘在教室里了。2)forget to do sth.指“忘記去做某事” forget doing sth. 指“忘記做過某事” 如: I forget to tell her about it. 我忘了把這件事告訴她。 I forgot telling her about it. 我忘記曾把這件事告訴過她。4. in hospital 該短語譯為“住院”,hospital前面無冠詞,表示抽象概念。 而短語“in the hospital”則譯為“在醫(yī)院里”,并非生病住院之意。 在英語中,介詞和一些單數(shù)名詞連用,可以表示抽象概念。 如 at school 上學 go to school上學 go to bed 上床睡覺 in/ out of jail坐牢/出獄5. take a day off 該短語譯為“休一天假”。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或責任的免除,如: You mustnt take a day off just because you want to see a football match. 你不能只是為了想看一場足球賽而休息一天。 I think I will take the afternoon off, because I get sick. 我想我下午要休假,因為我實在是病了。6. be mad at.“對非常憤怒,惱火”,如: They were mad at missing the train. 沒趕上火車,他們氣得發(fā)瘋。 mad還可以和其他的介詞搭配構(gòu)成一些短語。 如: be mad about“對狂熱,著迷”; go mad “發(fā)瘋,瘋了”。7. bring.to. “把帶到來”。其反義詞組為“take.to.”,即“把帶到去”,如:It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨,隨身帶把傘吧。Please bring the long ruler here,and take the short one away. 請拿把長尺子到這兒來,把這把短的帶走。Mum,please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class. 媽媽,請把英語書和CD碟帶到學校來。我上英語課時要用的。8. be supposed to為“認為必須;認為應該;認為必要”,如: Am I supposed to clean all the rooms? 我必須打掃所有的房間嗎? You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五必須結(jié)清這筆賬。9. remind remind及物動詞,意為“提醒,使記起,使想起?!?remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示“提醒某人做某事情” 如: Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school. 他去上學的時候,記得提醒他關窗戶。10. make money賺錢,掙錢。make money=earn money賺錢如: He makes money by fishing. 他靠打魚賺錢。11. hard與 hardlyhard 為副詞,意思是“努力地,費力地,辛苦地”, 如:He works hard.他努力工作。hardly否定副詞,意思為“幾乎不”,表示否定含義, 如:He works hardly. 他幾乎不工作。12. response 相當于answer,reply,但是比這兩個詞的用法要正式。常用于詞組response to sb./sth.“回復某人或某事”,注意to在這里是介詞,它后面要跟名詞或代詞。如: Ive had no response to his letter. 我還沒有給他回信。13. be good at 和 do well in這兩個詞組都意為“擅長、善于”;be good at 側(cè)重于慣常的行為,do well
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