2019屆中考英語專題復習 專題一 名詞課件.ppt

專題一名詞,專題一名詞,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要為語境辨析。其中主要涉及同類名詞語境辨析的考查,包括地點類、稱呼類、身體部位類、物品類、顏色類、國家及地區(qū)類、飲食類等名詞的辨析。對于此類試題，考生應該按照類別來記憶。此外，有些題可以通過分析語境和邏輯關系確定正確答案?？忌鲞@類題時，首先要掌握足夠的詞匯量，其次結合生活經驗和常識，理解句意，推測語境，最后得出正確答案。甘肅中考?？嫉耐惷~列舉如下：,1,名詞詞義辨析,考點小練,1.Imalittlzehungrynow.Ionlydranksomethismorning.A.breadB.milkC.bananaD.noodle,B,2.Thepassengerssafetymostlydependsonthewhentheplaneisflying.A.engineerB.pilotC.programmerD.teacher,B,3.KatewillarriveinBeijing.Weareallatthetopickherup.A.stationB.libraryC.restaurantD.hotel,A,4.Ididntsendane-mailtoMarybecausemyisbrokendown.A.clockB.computerC.penD.bike,B,5.TheChinesesaying“Atreecantmakeaforest”tellsusthatisveryimportantinafootballmatch.A.abilityB.decisionC.teamworkD.experience,C,6.Weallwanttotrysomethingnew,butfindingthe_tostartisalwaysthehardestpart.A.ideaB.prideC.courageD.progress,C,7.Thecharityshowwasabig_.WehaveraisedmuchmoneyforProjectHope.A.successB.surpriseC.suggestionD.stress,A,8.Thetwocountrieshavereacheda(n)_tosharethelatestinformationaboutscienceandtechnologysothattheycandeveloptogether.A.achievementB.agreementC.suggestionD.conversation,B,9.Smokingisnotallowedinthismeeting.Itisabadbehavior.A.roomB.homeC.houseD.family,A,2,名詞的數,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞的數主要考查可數名詞單數變復數的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。,1.可數名詞的復數形式,規(guī)則變化表,不規(guī)則變化表,巧記口訣,名詞復數有規(guī)律,一般詞尾加-s；,輔音字母+y型,變y為i加-es；,ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加-es；,f,fe特殊記，一般字母v來替，-es在后別忘記；,字母o來真神奇,有生命加-es,沒有生命加-s。,2.常見不可數名詞的歸納與用法,常見的不可數名詞,不可數名詞的量的表示,不可數名詞的多少可用以下詞組來表示：ablockof一塊;abottleof一瓶;agroupof一群;apairof一組/雙/對;apieceof一片(張/塊);apileof一堆。短語apair(piece)of+復數名詞作主語時，中心詞是apair(piece),故謂語動詞用單數；若是短語twopairs(pieces)of+復數名詞作主語，則中心詞是twopairs,故謂語動詞用復數。,常見的不可數名詞,考點小練,10.Mygrandmaoftentellsmesomeinteresting(story)beforeIgotobed.,stories,11.Thereusedtobemany(wolf),butonlyafewofthemremainnow.,wolves,12.Donteattoomuchsugar.Itsbadforyour(tooth).,teeth,13.Mylittlesisterlearnedtomaketwo(cake)yesterday.,cakes,14.IwillgototheUSforfurtherstudyinthree(month).,months,3,名詞所有格,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞所有格在語法與情景對話、任務型完形填空、詞匯中考查。如何判斷名詞所有格：1.當空格后為名詞，且空前為形容詞性物主代詞時；2.當有兩個主語時，注意判斷某物是共有還是各自所有。,考點小練,15.mothersarewaitingforthemattheschoolgate.Tellthemtogothereatonceafterclass.A.LucyandLilysB.LucysandLilysC.LucyandLilyD.LucysandLily,B,16.UncleWangisanexcellentengineer.Heisafriendof.A.myfatherB.myfathersC.myfathersD.myfathers,B,17.musicteacherisMissZhangandsheisaverybeautifulwoman.A.AnnandherbrotherB.AnnandherbrothersC.AnnsandherbrotherD.Annsandherbrothers,B,18.ThereisanMP5onthedesk.Whoseisthis?Itcanbemy,forsheboughtoneyesterday.A.sisterB.sistersC.sistersD.sisters,B,19.Howfarisyourhomefromschool？Itsabouttwowalk.A.hoursB.hoursC.hoursD.hour,B,4,名詞作定語,針對名詞作定語，考生須掌握以下兩種形式結構：,1.名詞修飾名詞,（1）作定語的名詞一般用單數形式，變復數只需將中心詞變?yōu)閺蛿敌问?。如：countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂；girlstudentgirlstudents女學生。（2）當man和woman作定語時，變復數形式時將中心詞及man或woman都變成復數形式。如：mandrivermendrivers男司機；womanteacherwomenteachers女教師。,2.“數詞-名詞”修飾名詞(2015省卷45題，2015蘭州45題),（1）“數詞-名詞單數”形式，可將作定語的名詞變?yōu)橄鄳乃懈裥问?。如：atwo-dayholiday=twodaysholiday兩天的假期；aten-minutewalk=tenminuteswalk步行十分鐘的路程。（2）“數詞-名詞單數-形容詞”形式。如：a15-year-oldgirl一個十五歲大的女孩；a10-meter-longbridge一座十米長的橋。,考點小練,20.Kateisgirl.Shesveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteenyearoldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-yearsoldD.aeighteenyearsold,B,21.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?.A.MuttonandtomatoesnoodlesB.MuttonandtomatonoodlesC.MuttonsandtomatoesnoodlesD.Muttonsandtomatonoodles,B,22.Weshouldwearwhenweplayballgames.A.sportshoesB.sportshoeC.sportsshoesD.sportsshoe,C,23.Thischairisnotstable,soithastoberepaired.A.three-legB.threelegC.three-legsD.thirdlegs,A,24.Therearesomanyinfrontofmyhouse.Ioftenpickupapplesfromtheminautumn.A.appletreeB.applestreeC.applestreesD.appletrees,D,5,用所給名詞的適當形式填空,名詞變形容詞規(guī)則表,考點小練,25.Eachofusshouldreadan(education)bookduringthewintervacation.,educational,26.Aftertheearthquake,hundredsofpeoplebecame_(home).,homeless,27.Allofushopethelifeinhighschoolwillbe_(meaning).,meaningful,28.Forgettingabetterjob,weshoulddevelopourinterestsandalwayslearnmore_(skill).,skills,29.Lindaisvery_(friend).Shenevertellsabadwordaboutothers.,friendly,30.Iam_(luck)tohavethechancetoattendsuchanimportantmeeting.,lucky,6,合成詞詞義辨析,此類詞匯是英語中常見構詞法中的合成詞，由兩個或者兩個以上的單詞合成一個新詞。此處羅列常見的合成詞。如：,合成名詞：,（1）room類：classroom教室；bedroom臥室；bathroom洗手間；workroom工作室；readingroom閱覽室；livingroom起居室；sittingroom客廳；washingroom盥洗室；waitingroom等侯室。（2）work類：housework家務；homework家庭作業(yè)；schoolwork學校作業(yè)。（3）man類：policeman警察；fisherman漁夫；chairman主席；postman郵遞員；salesman(男)銷售員；businessman商人；workman工人。,拓展：其他詞性的合成詞,合成形容詞：downhill下坡的；worldwide全世界的；goodlooking好看的。,合成副詞：downstairs在樓下；hotfoot匆忙地；beforehan