人教版七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和練習(xí).doc

_七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和練習(xí)一、代詞1、 人稱代詞和物主代詞英語(yǔ)的人稱代詞有三種不同的人稱形式：第一人稱；第二人稱；第三人稱。三種人稱又各有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。在上列人稱代詞的不同形式中，還包含了主格、賓格兩種“格”的形式。這樣，從“格”的形式來(lái)劃分，英語(yǔ)的人稱代詞又可歸納為：主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they賓格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them此外，還有所有格形式。屬格：my，mine，your，yours，his，her，hers，its，our，ours，their，theirs 屬格又可分為兩類：一類是形容詞性物主代詞（my，your，his，her，its，our，their）即 “物主限定詞”；另一類是名詞性物主代詞（mine，yours，his，hers，ours，theirs），即 “物主代詞”。人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey賓格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代詞形物代myouryouryourher his itstheir名物代mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs人稱代詞用法：（1） 人稱代詞主格：做主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)怎么樣了，干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student , too.We/You/They are student.（2） 人稱代詞賓格：作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，一般放在動(dòng)詞的后面。Give it to me.Lets go.(lets=let us)（3） 形容詞性物主代詞（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）+名詞。（4） 而名詞性物主代詞（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，故其后不必加名詞。如：-Is this your book?-No,it isnt,its hers(her book).its Jims,its Toms.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時(shí)可用“名詞性物主代詞”來(lái)代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫(xiě)成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. 練習(xí)：1._(我) am a teacher.2.My father is talking with _(我).3.This is _(我的) book.4._(他的) chair is blue.5._(我們的) classroom is big.6._(他) often plays basketball after school.7._(他的) teacher is good.8._(我們) buy a pair of shoes for _(他).9.Please pass_(我們) the ball.10._(他們) are listening to the radio.11._(我) am a teacher.12.This is _(她的) bag. That is_(他的)13._(他的) cap is blue. _( 我們的) are yellow.14.Our chair is better than _ ( they).15.I will give the presents to_(they).16.These books are_(I), and those are_(you).17.My ruler is long. _ ( you ) is short.18.My bike is broken. May I borrow_ ( she)?19.Can you show _(I) your book?20.Its time for _(they) to go home.21.Mr. Green often tells _(we) some stories.22.These are not your desks. They are _(our).23.This is not my shirt. Its _(he)24.I saw _(she) in the shop yesterday.人稱代詞和物主代詞練習(xí)：（一）用代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _(she ) coat. The coat is red._(it)is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4Give _(he) a toy, please. 5_(we) eyes are black. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _(them) parents are teachers. 7Give the book to _(I ). 8These books are _(we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )2、指示代詞（1）this“這” ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 these “這些” ,指代近處的人或物體 ;（2）that“那” ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 those“那些” ,指代遠(yuǎn)處的人或物。3、指示代詞 this that these those 作主語(yǔ),一般疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略回答（1）Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isnt .簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí),用主格代詞 it 代替（2）Are these /those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they arent .簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí),用主格代詞 they 代替用所給的詞選擇填空1、These are pens and _ are pencils. (that, this, those)2、Tom was sick yesterday. _ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These) 3、Which of_shirts are Toms ( These, this, that)4、This desk is mine, _is hers. ( those, this, that)5、The map of Beijing is better than _of Tianjing. (this, that, these).二、名詞名詞: 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1、不可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清或者難以數(shù)清。例如:l water “水” , “水”的數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清; rice “大米,谷粒” , 其數(shù)量難以數(shù)清。不可數(shù)名詞用法上有兩大特點(diǎn):l (1)、沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式;l (2)、不能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。2、可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量可以數(shù)清 ?？蓴?shù)名詞用法上的特點(diǎn):l (1)、有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式;l (2)、能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。3、單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 變成復(fù)數(shù)名詞。單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 的方法如下:l (1)、 一般情況,名詞后直接加 s (清輔音后讀 / s /, 濁輔音后讀/ z /)例如: parents“雙親” ;aunts“阿姨” ;friends“朋友”l (2)、以字母 e 結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加 s (讀 / z /) 例如:uncles“叔叔” ;pictures“圖畫(huà)”l (3)、以字母 O 結(jié)尾的名詞,有的加 s ,有的加 es (讀 / z /)例如: photos“照片” ;tomatoes“西紅柿” ;l (4)、以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,加 es (讀 / z /)例如:family families; party partiesl (5)、以 s x ch sh 結(jié)尾名詞,直接加 es(讀 / Iz/) 例如:buses“公共汽車” boxes“盒子” wishes“希望” watches“手表” l (6)、少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,有特殊形式。man men woman women people people childchildrenl (7)knife的復(fù)數(shù)形式是knivesl 4、名詞所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名詞 + 或 s 構(gòu)成 。其規(guī)則如下:l (1)、一般情況下,名詞后直接加 s: Jims (吉姆的); my mothers(我的母親的)l 2、以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,直接加 : my friends (我的朋友的);his studentsl 3、一個(gè)人或物屬各自所有，或者幾個(gè)人共有,變成所有格。l Jims and Kates aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凱特的阿姨l Jim and Kates birthday 吉姆和凱特(共有)的生日一、寫(xiě)出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式am_ is_ he _ she _ it _ that_this_ you_ pen_ desk_ key_ orange_ boy_ friend_ parent_ class _ child_ shelf _ bed _ radio_ photo_ tomato_ woman _ man _ strawberry _ dictionary _ box _ watch _二、選擇填空( )1.There _ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )2. The old man wants_ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples( )3. There _two _in the box. A. is ,watch B. are ,watches C. are , watch D. is , watches( )4. The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers( )5._ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brothers D. My brothers( )6. Today is September 10th. It is _ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( )7. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childrenss ( )8. This year, _ is on May 9th. A. my mothers birthday B. my mothers brithday C. my mothers birthday D. my motherss birthday ( )9. This is _ . A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、變換句型（把下列句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句）。l This is my friend. l 2. This is a table. l 3.That is her brother. l 4.This is a book. l 5.That is an eraser. l 6.It is a red orange. l 7.He is a teacher. l 8. Whats this? 四、按中文意思填空l(shuí) 1. _(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.l 2. This is _ (我妹妹的) Chinese book.l 3. _ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.l 4. _(王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager.l 5. Is this _(你的好朋友的)pen ?l 6. They are_(Peter 和Sam的) teachers.l 7. _(教師節(jié)) is on September 10th. .l 8. _(學(xué)生們的) desks and chairs are very new.l 9. _(趙敏的) shoes are white.l 10. _(John和Sally的)mothers are American.l 11. _(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.l 12、Its _(婦女節(jié)) on March 8th.三、冠詞只有不定冠詞a (an)和定冠詞the 三個(gè)，不用冠詞叫零冠詞。1、不定冠詞a和an ：a用在輔音前，如 a pen a chair an 用在元音前an old teacher an English book 注意輔音字母第一個(gè)音是元音的情況：Ff, Hh, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx這七個(gè)字母的第一個(gè)音是元音在說(shuō)一個(gè)字母時(shí)要用an ,如an“F” (一個(gè)F) 同時(shí)注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一個(gè)音是輔音，因此說(shuō)一個(gè)U，應(yīng)為 a “U”2、定冠詞the：當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)前面用the 。注意在三餐飯（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,體育活動(dòng)的球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前面不用the 。如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketballplay tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball) 3、如單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有this、that、my等代詞修飾時(shí)，則不再使用a或an。 冠詞練習(xí)l ( )1. There is _ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )2. -What color is _ orange? - Its _ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, thel ( )3. There is_ “u” and _ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, anl ( )4. Its not _English book. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )5. I have _ very interesting book. It is about_ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, al ( )6Is that your _ ? Aa picture Bpicture Cpictures Dnice picturesl ( )7Are _ Kates _? Athis, book Bthat，book Cthese，books Dthose，bookl ( ) 8.Thats _ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are四、數(shù)詞l 1、基數(shù)詞 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen l 2、序數(shù)詞 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth l 口訣：默寫(xiě) 數(shù)詞練習(xí)1、Mr Green has _ ( two ) daughters .2、Kate is Mr Greens _ ( one ) daughter.3、There are _ ( twelve ) months in a year.4、March is the _ ( three ) month of a year .5、They have _ ( twenty ) computers.6、I can afford _ ( eight ) sweaters .7、 Mr Greens _ ( nine) store is very big .8、-How old is your friend ?-She is _( 12)years old . .9、-How old is her father?- He is _(30) years old . 10. January the_month of a year.11、February the_month of a year.12、April the_month of a year.13、May the_month of a year .14、August the_month of a year.15、December the_month of a year.五、介詞介詞：本冊(cè)的介詞較少，主要用在介詞短語(yǔ)里面，如l on：on sale (銷售) on April 8th, (在四月八日) on the desk (在桌子上) on TV (在電視上)l in：in English (用英語(yǔ)) in the afternoon (在下午) in the case box(在盒子里) T-shirt in red (紅色T恤)in September (在九月)be in our school music festival （參加我們學(xué)校的音樂(lè)節(jié)）l at：call sb.at 3356 (撥打3356找某人) at your school (在你們學(xué)校里) at Huaxing Clothes Store （在華興服裝店） at a very good price (以非常優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格) at six (六點(diǎn)鐘) have a look at (看一看) l of：a set of (一串) the photo of your family (你的全家照) lots of =a lot of (許多) date of birth（birthday）(生日)l with：with sb. (同某人一起) be good with (和相處得好) help sb. with sth. (幫助某人做某事)l for：thanks for =thank you for (謝謝某人的.) bag for sports (運(yùn)動(dòng)包) pants for $30(賣30元的褲子) see for yourself (親自看看) for girls (對(duì)女孩子來(lái)說(shuō)) like sth. for lunch (喜歡吃當(dāng)作午餐)l about：about Chinese history (有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史)l under：under the desk (在桌子下面)六、形容詞本冊(cè)所學(xué)的形容詞不多，注意拼法和反義詞l big (small) long (short) sad (happy) boring(interestingfunny )exciting difficult relaxing great healthy old (new) white (black)七、副詞副詞：除疑問(wèn)副詞外，本冊(cè)的副詞有only too very well often also really 副詞only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行為動(dòng)詞前面或是系動(dòng)詞的后面。注意幾組詞的區(qū)別：1、too 和also ：too一般放在句子的末尾，also在行為動(dòng)詞前面或是系動(dòng)詞的后面。2、well 和 good ：兩個(gè)詞都有“好”的意思，但well 是副詞，而good 是形容詞，well修飾動(dòng)詞，放在動(dòng)詞的后面，good 修飾名詞，放在名詞的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning 八、連詞連詞：本冊(cè)所學(xué)連詞有and but or then and 連接兩個(gè)詞或兩個(gè)句子，表示前后的句子意思順接。如：I like thrillers and I like action movies but 連接兩個(gè)句子，表示后面意思轉(zhuǎn)折。如：He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like potatoes.or 表示選擇關(guān)系。如：Can you play the piano or the violin? then表示動(dòng)作的先后順序。九、動(dòng)詞及句型轉(zhuǎn)換l 1、 動(dòng)詞的種類(四類) l （1）系動(dòng)詞：如 be動(dòng)詞(is am are)；become，sound等 l （2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如 can 、may、need；l （3）助動(dòng)詞（ do does）；l （4）行為動(dòng)詞如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等 l 2、 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)（與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一樣 ） l 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) is (are) l 3、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ）l （ 1）含有be動(dòng)詞的 l 有be動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將be動(dòng)詞放到句首，（注意第一人稱變?yōu)榈诙朔Q ) Are you a Chinese boy ? Is she twelve ? Is he Tims brother ?l 含有be動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須在“be 動(dòng)詞后+not”， 注意： someany andor Im not a Chinese boy. She isnt twelve . He is not Tims btother . l (2)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子 （ can等，以can為例 ）, She can play basketball. His mothers cousin can sing many English songs. l 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)只須將“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到句首”，Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?l 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后邊加上not 。l 注意： someany andor 例：She can not play basketball . His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .l (3)含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子 We have many friends. They watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students take their books to school . 含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要在原句子的前面加do. Do you have many friends ? Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ? Do the students take their books to school ? 含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須在行為動(dòng)詞前加dont . 注意： someany andor We dont have many friends. They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students dont take their books to school . 含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞要加s (或es)如： She has a red pen . He has eggs for breakfast . Her mother buys a skirt for her .l 含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，變一般疑問(wèn)句要“加does ,行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。 注意： someany Does she have a red pen ? Does he have eggs for breakfast ? Does her mother buy a skirt for her ? l 含行為動(dòng)詞的句子，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，變否定句時(shí)“在行為動(dòng)詞前面加doesnt , 同時(shí)原行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。 注意： someany andor She doesnt have a red pen . He doesnt have eggs for breakfast .l 練習(xí)(1)、在下面的題目中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)腂e動(dòng)詞。1. I _ Kitty. 2. She _ a student.3. Jane and Tom _my friends. 4. My sisters _ tall.5. I _ at school now. 6. We _ students.7. They _ in the zoo. 8. Yang Ling _ ten years old.9. Where _ your friends? 10. How old _ you? 11.I_astudent. 12. You_adoctor.13._sheKitty? 14. _ youChinese?15. He_inShanghai. 16. It_acar. 17. Here _ my family photo. 18. _yourmotherinthe room?19. _yourfriendsinthe room? 20. He _ 15 years old now. 21. These_buses. 22. Those_oranges. l 練習(xí)：1)His parents _(watch) TV every night. 1) My brother _(do) homework every day.2)His parents _ (not watch) every night.2)My brother_ (not do) homework every day. 3)_his parents_(watch) TV every night? Yes, they _. No, they _.3)_ your brother _（do）homework every day? Yes, he_. No, he _.4)When_his parents _(watch) TV? They watch TV every night.4)When _ your brother _(do) homework? He does homework every day.l 本塊習(xí)題:用所給詞的正確形式填空l(shuí) 1、I _ ( have ) a soccer ball .l 2、She _ ( have ) two ping-pong balls .l 3、He _ ( play ) sports every day .l 4、We _ ( speak ) English .l 5、Tom _ ( call ) Jim every day .l 6、My daughter _ ( like ) apples .l 7、His friend_ （know） English .l 8、The girl _ ( study ) English sometimes .l 9、The boy often _ （watch） TV .l 10、Her uncle _ ( go ) home on footl 本塊練習(xí)題 把下列肯定句變成否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句,并作簡(jiǎn)略回答。l 1、They like computers .l 否:They _ _ computers .l 疑:_they_ computers ? _ l 2、He has a sports club .l 否: He _ _ a sports club .l 疑:_he_ a sports club ? _l 3、 We watch TV sometimes .l 否:We _ _ TV sometimes .l 疑:_ _ _ TV sometimes ? _l 4、Tom often plays computers .l 否:Tom _ often_ computer games .l 疑:_ Tom often _ computer games ? _l 5、She has some basketballs .l 否:She _ _ _ basketballs .l 疑:_ she _ _ basketballs ? _l 6、I enjoy playing sports every day .l 否:I _ _ playing sports every day .l 疑:_ _ _ playing sports every day ? _l 7、. My daughter calls me sometimes .l 否:My daughter _ _ me sometimes .l 疑:_ _ daughter _ me sometimes ? _l 8、The girl speaks English and Chinese .l 否:The girl _ _ English_ Chinese .l 疑:_ the girl _ English _ Chinese ? _l 練習(xí)：l 1、Tom likes some fruits for lunch(一般疑問(wèn)句) .l _ Tom _ _ fruits for lunch ?l 2、I like vegetables for dinner(同上) .l _ _ like vegetables for dinner?l 3、The running star has lots of healthy food(否定句) .l The running star_ _ lots of healthy foodl 4、They have a lot of chicken . (同上)l They _ _ a lot of chicken.l 5、Do you run in the morning every day ?l (肯定回答) _l 6、Does your friend enjoy fruits for lunch ? l (否定回答)_l 7、A lot of people like eating healthy food .(同義句)l _ people like _ healthy food.l 練習(xí)題 (一)、l 1、肯定句 This is my pencil . (這是我的鉛筆)l 否定句 This _my pencil . (這不是我的鉛筆)l 一般疑問(wèn)句 _ this_ pencil ? (這是你的鉛筆