外研版英語(yǔ)高二年級(jí)必修五重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理.doc

_高二必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理Module 1 British and American English重點(diǎn)詞匯：accent , obvious, queue, confusing, compare, variety, remark, variationsteadily, switch, satellite, structure, 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. have in common有共同點(diǎn)2. make a difference有影響；使不同3. get around四處走走4. compare with/to和比較5. differ from與不同6. be similar to與.不同7. have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困難8. lead to導(dǎo)致9. have sth. in common(與某人)興趣、想法相同長(zhǎng)難句解析1. This non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.專家認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流使英美人之間的相互理解變得更容易。當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)(如 make，find，see，hear 等)，為保持句子平衡，常用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 it 形容詞/名詞/代詞不定式/動(dòng)名詞/從句。it 后面的形容詞或名詞作賓補(bǔ)。2. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.當(dāng)著名的愛(ài)爾蘭作家蕭伯納說(shuō)出“英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被一種常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言分割開(kāi)來(lái)的兩個(gè)國(guó)家”一番話時(shí)，很明顯他考慮了兩者之間的差異。that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language 是同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面的名詞 remark 的內(nèi)容。語(yǔ)法通關(guān)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與 usually，always，sometimes，often，frequently，every day/week/year/morning.on Sunday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2表示說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表贊嘆或厭惡等3. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi))的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與 soon，tomorrow(morning.)，next week/year.，some day，from now on，the day after tomorrow，in (the) future 等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Module 2 A Job Worth Doing重點(diǎn)詞匯：satisfying, stressful, volunteer, respect, direct, encounter, profound, qualified重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. in particular尤其；特別2. on average平均3. come off掉離；脫離4. in theory理論上；從理論上講5. in practice實(shí)際上6. have an effect on對(duì)產(chǎn)生影響7. take up從事；占據(jù)（時(shí)間、空間）8. pass by路過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)9. take for granted認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然長(zhǎng)難句解析1. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.每天早晨，他手里都拿著一個(gè)大圓板爬上彎道。此句中的with a large circular board in his hand 是with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一種形式：with賓語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表狀態(tài)。除介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)外，還可以用形容詞，副詞，過(guò)去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。2. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred meters down the mountain.當(dāng)他正開(kāi)著裝滿香蕉的卡車要駛過(guò)一個(gè)彎道的時(shí)候，他連人帶車翻到了300 多米深的山崖下。本句中的when為并列連詞，表示就在那時(shí)的意思，相當(dāng)于and at that time , be doing.when.的意思為“正在這時(shí)”。3. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school，most of whom were from Germany.他們告訴我這所學(xué)校里有50名外國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，大多數(shù)來(lái)自德國(guó)。本句中some of which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，是介詞“關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“人”，關(guān)系代詞用whom，表示“物”，關(guān)系代詞用which。在這種情況下，不能使用人稱代詞。語(yǔ)法通關(guān)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1表示在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作3描述幾個(gè)相繼發(fā)生的過(guò)去動(dòng)作4有時(shí)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式上為過(guò)去，而實(shí)際上卻指現(xiàn)在，即“原來(lái)想的”與現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況不相符。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的角度看將要發(fā)生的4表示禮貌，并不表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，而表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的客氣或禮貌。三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)1表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常用 by，before 等介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句表示。2表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前的經(jīng)歷，常與 for，since 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema重點(diǎn)詞匯：Biography, fantasy, account, companion, lie, panic, curious, tie, frightterrified, adventure, thriller, horror重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. have no connection與.無(wú)關(guān)2. run away逃跑3. ahead of在.前面；提前4. pour down傾盆而下5. to ones surprise使某人驚奇的是6. be curious about對(duì)感到好奇7. have enough of聽(tīng)夠、看夠、吃夠、受夠8. die of fright驚嚇而死9. run into偶然遇到10. in a panic驚恐的長(zhǎng)難句解析1. But I persuaded him to help me，and we found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.但我還是說(shuō)服他幫我，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那兩人的船就緊貼在汽艇的另一邊。本句中的tied to the other side of the steamboat為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，和賓語(yǔ)the mens boat之間存在邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式、v.-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞都可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。2. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.他身無(wú)分文地到達(dá)新奧爾良時(shí)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那里沒(méi)有開(kāi)往南美洲的船了。本句中的only to find that there were no boats for South America為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。表示“意外的，意想不到的”的結(jié)果，而v.-ing作狀語(yǔ)，表示“自然而然”的結(jié)果。不定式常用作目的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in order to do 形式的用法。語(yǔ)法通關(guān)一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。它們不能在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，可充當(dāng)其他語(yǔ)法功能，可以起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)4. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)6. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)Module 4 Carnival 重點(diǎn)詞匯：confusion, extend, revive, elegant, magic, memory, pretend, wandercalendar, atmosphere, abolish重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. come to an end完結(jié)2. dress up裝扮；化妝3. have fun玩的愉快4. on end連續(xù)的5. date back to追溯到6. in secret秘密的7. in memory of為了紀(jì)念.8. pass on傳遞9. come off脫落長(zhǎng)難句解析1. As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。句中as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“隨著”的意思，表示主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。該狀語(yǔ)從句也可以用with time passing替換。2. .they painted their faces white，imitating their masters and making fun of them.他們把臉涂白，模仿他們的主人來(lái)取笑他們。本句中imitating their masters and making fun of them為v.ing形式做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。伴隨狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作一般和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。語(yǔ)法通關(guān)英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨主語(yǔ)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)變化。Module 5 The Great Sports Personality重點(diǎn)詞匯：athletics, bat, track, trainer, retire, perform, brand, advantage, designergymnast重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. do athletics做田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)2. as well as(除之外)又3. make a list of列清單4. be determined to do下定決心做某事5. come onto the market(商品)上市，商品開(kāi)始出售6. on the increase正在增加7. have an advantage over比有優(yōu)勢(shì)8. every ten seconds每十秒鐘9. make money賺錢10. achieve an ambition實(shí)現(xiàn)志愿長(zhǎng)難句解析1. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.但即使是他已經(jīng)贏得了在自己運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上所能贏得的一切，李寧還是帶著一種失敗的感覺(jué)退了役。even though/even if可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“縱使；即使也”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中或句末。引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。2. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.但就是這種失敗感使他決心在他的新的生活中取得成功。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，是對(duì)主語(yǔ)this sense of failure的強(qiáng)調(diào)。其常見(jiàn)句式為：it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其余部分。3. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics，they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)，中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員將身穿李寧牌運(yùn)動(dòng)服步入奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)場(chǎng)。whenever用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。表示“無(wú)論何時(shí)”的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter when。whenever還可以表示“的時(shí)候；每次”和“究竟何時(shí)”的意思。when用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”或引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。而whenever“無(wú)論何時(shí)”引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)法通關(guān)狀語(yǔ)從句一、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句二、條件狀語(yǔ)從句三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句四、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句五、原因狀語(yǔ)從句六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句七、目的狀語(yǔ)從句八、 方式狀語(yǔ)從句九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句Module 6 Animals in Danger重點(diǎn)詞匯：endanger, reserve, habitat, extinct, struggle, protect, worth, ideal, confiscate, condition重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. thanks to由于；幸虧2. according to根據(jù)3. give ones life to為獻(xiàn)身4. on the spot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)5. come into fashion開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)6. raid on a ship突擊搜查一家商7. get tough with對(duì)采取強(qiáng)硬措施 8. on condition that在條件下9. be worth doing值得做某事10. in the meanwhile同時(shí)長(zhǎng)難句解析1. Although surprised，the poachers had an advantagethere were more of them.盡管偷獵者們很吃驚，但他們占有優(yōu)勢(shì)他們?nèi)硕唷lthough surprised是狀語(yǔ)從句although they were surprised的省略形式。2. International cooperation seems to be working.國(guó)際合作似乎正在進(jìn)行。本句話為seem跟動(dòng)詞不定式形式作賓語(yǔ)，在使用時(shí)，要注意動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。一般式to do (一般動(dòng)作，和謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生)；進(jìn)行式to be doing (謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)；完成式to have done (發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)。3. The WWF believes that our world h