高中英語總復(fù)習(xí)介詞課件.ppt

08高考介詞,介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動詞、形容詞、名詞和代詞等搭配，才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞+名詞、代詞或可以替代名詞的詞（如：動名詞v-ing）。介詞后的代詞永遠為賓格形式。 高考重點要求： *介詞的含義及在句中的作用。 *介詞+賓語構(gòu)成短語的作用。 *介詞短語在句子中的功能的理解。,1、(08全國卷I 24) Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by,as, like：as作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。 like作“象一樣”解。 如：Let me speak to you as a father. Let me speak to you like a father.,2、(08全國卷II 15) Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about,表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。 如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science,3、(08上海卷25) The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to,4、(08上海春卷 25) Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools _ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on,for表示目的，“為了”： struggle for existence 生存競爭 go out for a walk 出去散步,5、(08北京卷 33) If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out,經(jīng)；由；從 to enter by the door 由門進去,6、(08福建卷23) A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by,by“通過方法、手段”： They travel by carbustrainairsea他們乘汽車公共汽車火車飛機輪船旅行。 You can reserve tickets by phone Its not fair to judge people by their appearances以貌取人是不公平的。 They put out the fire by pouring water on it.,7、(08遼寧卷 33)I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of,表示結(jié)果、效果致, 致使 shoot a wolf to death 把狼射死 tear to pieces 扯碎 to ones surprise 使某人吃驚 to no purpose 落空,恰到好處,prep. 表示方向、時間朝.方向; 向; 往; 到 from north to south 從北到南 ten minutes to nine 9 點差10分 表示終點、程度、范圍達到, 到; 趨于, 傾向 be tired to death 累得要死 to a certain degree extent 到某種程度范圍 表示對立, 反面, 對應(yīng)針對; face to face 面對面 contrary to it 與此相反 表示對比、比較、選擇比; 對 equal to . 等于 prefer to The picture is true to life. 這畫栩栩如生。,表示間接關(guān)系給., 于. I give a book to him. 我給他一本書。 It seems to me that. 在我看來. 表示目的為了; 作為 come to the rescue 前來營救 drink to ones health 為某人的健康干杯 to that end 為了那個目的 表示對象于; 對于 be open to public 向公眾開放 duty to the state 對于國家的義務(wù) the right answer to a question 對問題的正確回答 to my knowledge 就我所知,表示結(jié)合, 歸屬歸于 belong to 屬于 the key to my office 我辦公室的鑰匙 a private secretary to the minister 部長的私人秘書 表示適合; 配合; 按照按, 按照; 隨同 sing dance to the music 配合音樂唱歌跳舞 not to ones taste 不合.所好 表示關(guān)連、聯(lián)系對于, 至于, 關(guān)于 What did she say to that? 關(guān)于那件事她說些什么?,表示數(shù)量與單位的關(guān)系每 12 to the dozen 一打有十二個 50 persons to the square kilometre 每平方公里五十人 表示原因由于 fall to ones opponents blows 受到對手的打擊而倒下 to oneself專對; 專為.單獨所有所用 have the room to oneself 獨住一間 think to oneself 自忖 keep oneself to oneself 不與人來往,8、(08安徽卷23) Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to,ininto；ononto in與on通常表示靜態(tài)方位，意為“在里”和“在上”；而into與onto則表示動態(tài)位移，意為“往里”和“往上”。如： Professor Carl dipped one of his fingers into the mixture and then took it out and sucked it. I saw a mouse jumped onto the table and began to eat the bread.,9、(08湖南卷27) When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on,agree on對意見一致 agree with 一致；相符合 agree with sb. 同意某人的話 適宜健康；與相宜 The liquor did not agree with me. 這酒不適合我喝。,10、(08陜西卷19) Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams. at B. beyond C. within D. upon,11、(08全國卷II 19) The house still needed a lot of work, but _ the kitchen was finished. instead B. altogether C. at once D. at least,介詞和名詞動詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法： at once, at last, at least,12、(08山東卷 32)I began to feel _ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. at home B. at heart C. at will D. at sight,13、(08天津卷 10)Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students _ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of,14、(08湖北卷30)When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store,in慣用成語 in all in advance in the meantime in place in hopes of(或in the hope of) in connection with in contact with in addition to in case of in conflict with in force in depth in regard to in the least in the neighborhood of in alarm in the opinion of in the long run in ones opinion in word in a word in vain in case in detail in haste in conclusion in spite of in return in other words. in the name of be confident in be interested in in doubt in love in debt in hesitation in wonder in public (secret) in a good humour,15、(08天津卷 15)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place,from，out of二詞均表示來源或出處。from注重起點，意為“從”；out of側(cè)重于從里向外，意為“從里”。如： The shouting of the soldiers drilling could be heard from the playground. She took the passport out of her handhag and showed it to the policeman.,16、(08江蘇卷 28)Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged _. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description,beyond一詞用法和含義較為復(fù)雜。一方面，該詞可以表示具體的位置關(guān)系，另一方面，也可以表示抽象的意義。,The sea is beyond that hill大海在山的那邊。,He never sees beyond the present.他從未看到將來。,Your work is beyond all praise 你的作品叫人贊揚不盡。,She was really touched beyond words 她確實感動得無法形容。,1)Solving the problem is _my capacity. A.out of B. more than C. over D. beyond 2)He argue_ smoking, and insisted that it was _argument that smoking was harmful to health. A.for;beyond B.against;over C.for;over D.against;beyond,17、(08浙江卷17)Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of,【解析】 except后接名詞或代詞，意思是“除之外”，表示從整體中除掉部分。except for后接名詞或代詞，意思是“除之外”，表示兩種事物的類比。如：Your composition is very good, except for some mistakes. except that引導(dǎo)句子。besides后接名詞或代詞，前邊常有other，else等，意思是“除以外還有”。she is from Beijing是一個句子，只有except that才能引導(dǎo)從句。,18、(08浙江卷19)Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all,一、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用一個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填入句中空白處。,One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town. Suddenly the bag fell _ his horse onto the road. He couldnt get it back_ the horses back because it was too heavy for him to lift _ himself. He only hoped that somebody would soon pass _ and help him. Just _ that moment a man