語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.ppt

第七講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí),考點(diǎn)透析 1.不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的否定式都是在其前面加 not/never。例如： (1)Mrs.Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking. (2)Not knowing what to do，I went to the teacher for advice. (3)I apologize to you for not telling you the truth immediately.,2不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的完成式表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生。例如： (1)When mother came into the room，Tom pretended to be working hard at his lessons. (2)Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I dont know what country he studied in. (3)Having finished all my homework，I went out to play football with Li Ming. (4)The boy was severely punished by his father for having told lies.,3不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動(dòng)作的工具、地點(diǎn)，不定式后就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。例如： There are five pairs to choose from，but Im at a loss which to buy. 4不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種情況： 在 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，作定語(yǔ)的不定式既可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： There is a lot of work to do/to be done.,不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語(yǔ)，但是又可在句子中找到另一個(gè)詞作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： Would you please give the boy something to read? (something是 read的賓語(yǔ)，the boy是 read的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。) 注意比較下列兩個(gè)句子： I have some letters to type.(隱含意義：Ill type the letters myself.) Do you have any letters to be typed，sir？(隱含義：Ill type the letters for you.),5關(guān)于不定式的省略。 在連詞than，as后，介詞except，but，besides后，如果前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to，反之則帶to。例如： (1)In that case，there is nothing you can do than wait. (2)He likes reading novels besides to play the piano. 使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have和感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，hear，observe后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要省略to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to不能省略。例如：,(1)A computer does only what thinking people have it do. (2)Paul doesnt have to be made to learn.He always works hard. 6admit，advise，avoid，appreciate，cant help，consider，delay，deny，escape，enjoy，finish，feel like，fancy，imagine，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest等動(dòng)詞以及所有帶介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如： (1)I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island. (2)The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.,7remember，forget，try，mean，regret，stop，go on后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)與接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義有很大區(qū)別，必須牢記。 regret doing 因做過(guò)某事而后悔，動(dòng)作已發(fā)生 regret to do 因?qū)⒆瞿呈露z憾，動(dòng)作沒(méi)發(fā)生 remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事， 動(dòng)作已發(fā)生 remember to do 記得去做某事，動(dòng)作沒(méi)發(fā)生 forget doing 忘記曾做過(guò)某事，動(dòng)作已發(fā)生 forget to do 忘記做某事，動(dòng)作沒(méi)發(fā)生,mean doing 意味著 mean to do 打算做 stop doing 停止做 stop to do 停止做某事而做另一件事 try doing 嘗試做 try to do 努力做 例如： (1)She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.,(2)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well，now I regret having done that. (3)I usually go there by train. Why not try going by boat for a change? (4)Mastering a foreign language doesnt mean learning it in class only.,8look forward to，devote oneself to，pay attention to，stick to，devote to，make contributions to，be used to，get used to，object to中的to是介詞，因而其后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不要誤用動(dòng)詞不定式。 (1)Im looking forward to seeing you again. (2)Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.,9在“There is no主語(yǔ)” 句型中，常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 There is no telling what will happen in the future. (There is no telling.It is impossible to tell.) There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion. 無(wú)可否認(rèn)，他策劃了這次謀反。,10關(guān)于being過(guò)去分詞。 “being過(guò)去分詞”是分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常用作定語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如要表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去分詞即可，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞本身就可表被動(dòng)，一般不能用being過(guò)去分詞。只有當(dāng)分詞表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行而且又是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，才可用beingdone (這種用法很少見(jiàn))。,(1)Founded in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.(不用being founded) (2)The house being built in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day we still feel happy about it. (being built是定語(yǔ)，“正在被修建的”) (3)Translated into English，the sentence was found to have a completely different word order.(不用being translated),11關(guān)于分詞選定的原則。 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的選定依據(jù)分詞與被其修飾的名詞的關(guān)系而定。如果名詞是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果名詞是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用過(guò)去分詞。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則要看分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。如果句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用過(guò)去分詞。,(1)Seen from the mountain，the city looks beautiful. (2)Seeing from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city. (第一句：the city“被看”，用過(guò)去分詞；第二句：“我們看”，表主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞) (3)The computer center，opened last year，is really popular among the students in this school. (the computer center“被開(kāi)辦”，用過(guò)去分詞opened) (4)The boy running on the playground is from England.(男孩是“跑”的執(zhí)行者， 用running),12judging from/by，considering，generally speaking，roughly speaking，strictly speaking，personally speaking，frankly speaking，talking of，granted that等引導(dǎo)的分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作插入語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明全句。 (1)Judging from his accent，he must be from Guangdong. (2)Generally speaking，girls are more careful than boys.,13關(guān)于過(guò)去分詞given。 given的基本意思是“給”。另外，它還有“特定的”、“假設(shè)的”意思，根據(jù)上下文，又可把它引申為“考慮到”，在句中作條件狀語(yǔ)。 (1)Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. (2)Given his age，the performance is really great.(given his age“考慮到他的年紀(jì)”),14分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，如果不一致，就要在分詞前加上其邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)Finding her car stolen，she hurried to a policeman for help. (分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是she，與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)) (2)His mother being ill，he had to stay home to look after her. (his mother being ill是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)),觀察下列獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，請(qǐng)注意它們與分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 Everything being ready，we started out.(表原因) “Mama！” he cried suddenly，tears rolling down his cheeks.(表伴隨情況) Weather permitting，well go outing.(表?xiàng)l件) All the tickets having been sold out，we felt very disappointed.(表原因) All the guests having arrived，the party was declared open.(表時(shí)間),15不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。,比較下列畫(huà)線部分在句中的作用、位置及其與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間順序： (1)They have no drinking water now.(動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)) (2)The book to be published is about SARS. (將要出版的這本書(shū)是關(guān)于非典型肺炎的。不定式作定語(yǔ)) (3)The rising sun is very beautiful.(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)) (4)The ground is covered with fallen leaves.(落葉滿地。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)),強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。 1(2012全國(guó)卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather _.(permit) 2(2012上海卷)The club, _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.(found),permitting,founded,3(2012上海卷)“Genius” is a complicated concept, _ many different factors.(involve) 4(2012天津卷)He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched.(leave) 5(2012江蘇卷)_ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.(base),involving,leaving,Basing,6(2012安徽卷)I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(lock) 7(2012安徽卷)When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.(ask) 8(2012湖南卷)Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.(do) 9(2012湖南卷)Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.(use),to lock,asked,to be done,used,10(2012湖南卷)The lecture, _ at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.(start) 11(2012福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.(attack) 12(2012全國(guó)卷)Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ to such art forms as music and painting.(compare),starting,being attacked,compared,13(2012福建卷)Pressed from his parents，and _that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(realize) 14(2012陜西卷)_ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(stand) 15(2012陜西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.(meet),realizing,Standing,to meet,專題訓(xùn)練,廣東各地市歷年模擬題演練 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。 1So the rat got the first year _ (name) after him and the ox got the second year. 2Just as I was about _ (push) the key into the door, the old landlady called to me and motioned me into her apartment.,named,to push,3_(put) many dishes of food on the table, she sat down across from me. 4As he opened the box, the father was _ (embarrass) by his earlier overreaction. 5_ (get) the phone records, the investigators used “pretexting(借口)” 6My pupils，Donnie _(include), adored her. 7We advance gradually from merely_ (name) objects to understanding the thought in a line of Shakespeare.,Having put,embarrassed,To get,included,naming,8The images had been reconsidered and changed for dozens of times by the designer group _ (consist) of cartoon painters and more than 30 experts from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Shanghai and south China