英譯漢的長句翻譯拆分譯法.ppt

Knowing About Translation,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,英譯漢的長句翻譯（3）拆分譯法,英語長句往往由主從復(fù)合句構(gòu)成，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹，翻譯時可按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，把長句的從句或短語分解為若干分句，再逐句翻譯，這稱為拆分譯法。拆分主要有以下方法：,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1將英語原句中的并列復(fù)合句拆分,翻譯：另外一點也很清楚，在多數(shù)情況下，什么是對的，什么是不對的，這些中國人都有一致的看法。在和本杰明及其他西方小孩的隨意交往中，他們都展現(xiàn)了自己的共同看法。,1) It was equally clear that the Chinese agree on what is right or wrong in most situations; in casual encounters with Benjamin and other Western children, they were simply exhibiting their shared beliefs.,分析：把英語原句中用分號連接的兩個并列從句，拆分成兩個獨立的句子，并將每個句子中的不同成分，也按照意思和邏輯關(guān)系分成一個個短句，這樣使譯文的句子不會太長，而且層次分明，意思清晰。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) Some people may worry that this is suggesting one sex is better than the other, but a moments reflection should allay this fear.,分析：英語原句是由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接的并列句，在譯成漢語時，將兩個并列句譯成了兩個獨立的句子。,翻譯：一些人也許會擔(dān)心：這意味著一種性別比另一種性別更優(yōu)越。但稍稍思考一下，就清楚對此不必過分擔(dān)憂。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3) Now it might be thought that Benjamins appearancehe is Chinese, and we adopted him in Taiwanencouraged this intervention; but similar intrusive interventions are reported by Westerners whose children do not look the least bit Chinese.,翻譯：可能會有人認為本杰明的外貌容易讓人這樣做，因為他是中國人，是我們在臺灣收養(yǎng)的。但是其他西方人也報道過類似的干預(yù)，他們的孩子可是一點兒都不像中國人。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2定語從句的拆分,2.1 在關(guān)系代詞處拆分,分析：英語原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，翻譯時把主句和從句在關(guān)系代詞處作了拆分。,1) Then we begin to read novels, which are stories about people like ourselves, who have to meet either difficulties which are known to all of us or an exceptional set of circumstances calling for the exercise of great courage and skill.,翻譯：然后我們開始閱讀小說。這些小說的主人公都像我們一樣，他們不得不遇到我們熟知的困難，或需要堅強勇氣及熟練技巧才能度過的特殊環(huán)境。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up.,分析：從譯文中可以看出，由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句被翻譯成獨立的句子，并放在由主句譯成的另一個獨立的句子前面。,翻譯：那些通常做作的公司高層經(jīng)理們，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作風(fēng)可以被形容為強硬、冷漠、脫離群眾。甚至這些人也開始學(xué)習(xí)寫便箋去鼓舞人心，且獲益匪淺。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1) “She doesnt like boys, and just listens to the girls,” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of the teachers attention.,2.2 在關(guān)系副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞處拆分,分析：英語原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，翻譯時把主句和從句在關(guān)系副詞處作了拆分。,翻譯： “她不喜歡男生，她只聽女生發(fā)言，”另一個班上的一位男生說。而在他的班上，男生占據(jù)了老師63%的注意力。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.,分析：此句第一部分是主句，第二部分是關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，翻譯時在此處切斷，譯成兩個獨立的句子。,翻譯：在那一刻，我不再是個孩子了。那時，我開始用成人的眼光來看待生活中存在的痛苦與悲傷。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3) Chinese “cross-talk” is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats, family problems, or other personal topics.,分析：把英語原句中“in which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句拆開，譯成一個獨立的句子，使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，意思明確，句子又不會太長。,翻譯：中國的相聲是一種特殊的滑稽劇。相聲中兩名中國喜劇演員幽默地談?wù)撝T如官僚主義者、家庭問題或其他一些有關(guān)個人的話題。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Then they went to the southern part of the island, but found it rocky and covered with bushes, growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through.,3在非謂語動詞處拆分,分析：此句的非謂語動詞短語“growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through”作為定語修飾bushes，在翻譯時把此處與主句作了拆分，而且這一短語本身也分譯成漢語的兩個短句。,翻譯：接著他們到島的南部，只見遍地巖石與灌木叢。灌木叢長得相當(dāng)濃密，要穿過去實在不容易。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,4含有多個從句的長句拆分,有時一個句子中含有幾個不同的從句。在翻譯此類包含多個從句的長句時，首先要把握句子的中心意思，分清從句之間的關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)漢語的行文習(xí)慣，適當(dāng)斷句，使之成為通順可讀的漢語句子。例如：,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1) Another dimension of sex-biased education is the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.,分析：英語原句中，有一個由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，該從句中又有一個由while引導(dǎo)表示對比的并列句，將對女孩和男孩的不同看法進行對比。翻譯時根據(jù)漢語表達的習(xí)慣將主句和從句，并列復(fù)合句之間進行了拆分。,翻譯：美國教師中一個具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅長數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)，這些學(xué)科都是“難懂的”、“適合于男性的”，而女孩則在語言和閱讀技能上比男孩強。這是教育中性別偏見的另一種表現(xiàn)。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.,翻譯：在一次記者招待會上，問題集中于昨天的選舉結(jié)果，總統(tǒng)就此發(fā)了言。他說他不能解釋為什么共和黨遭到了這樣的大敗，它最終會使共和黨失去在眾議院中長期享有的優(yōu)勢。,分析：英語原句包含一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該賓語從句又包含一個由why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，又包含一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，補充說明“such a widespread defeat”。在漢譯時，把主句和后面的賓語從句作了拆分，從而使該長句分譯成了兩個獨立的中文句子。,Translation Practice,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese using the techniques mentioned above.,The classroom is a mans world, where boys get two-thirds of the teachers attention even when they are in a minority. They,are allowed to tease the girls and they receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. Boys are accustomed to being teachers pets, and, if girls get anything li