西風(fēng)頌OdetotheWestW.ppt

制作者：,兩種譯文鑒賞（江楓和王佐良） （of P.B. Shelley and his Ode the West Wind）,課件內(nèi)容,1. 雪萊短暫的一生及其作品 （Biographical information） 西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景 （Setting background） 譯者王佐良和江楓簡介 4. 王和江的譯文對比分析 5. 詩歌翻譯的文學(xué)意境,Brief introduction of P.B. Shelley(17921822）,雪萊短暫的一生,Shelley was born on August 4,1792, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. His father was Sussex squire (鄉(xiāng)紳) and a Whig Member of Parliament. In 1804, Shelley entered Eton College and in 1810, the Oxford University. In 1811, he was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity Of Atheism， 無神論的必要性. He eloped with a sixteen- year-old girl, Harriet ，who got drowned in 1816. But during the ,1,雪萊短暫的一生,failed marriage, he fell in love with Mary Godwin, the a author of Frankenstein, and eloped with her to the European Continent. They got married a few weeks after Harriets body was found. On 8 July 1822, less than a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley drowned in a sudden storm while sailing back from Livorno to Lerici. His body was burned on the beach, and his ashes were placed in the Protestant cemetery at,2,雪萊短暫的一生,Rome, near the grave where, a few months before, Keats had been laid. After Shelleys death, Mary compiled and published The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley遺詩集 He established his heroes as those who are supported by others, and struggle for the collective bliss of a whole nation or of all humanity, instead of fighting only for personal happiness. ,3,雪萊的主要作品,The Revolt of Islam(1818) 伊斯蘭的反叛 On A Faded Violet(1818) 一朵枯萎的紫羅蘭 Ode To The West Wind(1819)西風(fēng)頌 Prometheus Unbound(1819) 解放了的普羅米修斯 The Cenci(1819) 欽契 To A Skylark(1820) 致云雀 The Cloud(1820) 云 Ode To Liberty(1820) 自由頌,4,Shelleys Poetry,Assessment Most of Shelleys poetry reveals his philosophy, a combination of belief in the power of human love and reason, and faith in the perfectibility and ultimate progress of man. His lyric poems are superb in their beauty, grandeur, and mastery of language. Although Matthew Amold labeled him an “ineffectual angel,” 20th-century critics have taken Shelley seriously, recognizing his wit, his gifts as a satirist, and his influence as a social and political thinker.,西風(fēng)頌是 雪萊“三大頌”詩歌中的一首，寫于1819年。這首詩是詩人“驕傲、輕捷而不馴的靈魂”的自白，是時代精神的寫照。 Lofty & dignified language（莊重的語言） Deep feelings & emotions（深沉的情感） 詩共分5節(jié)，每節(jié)的韻腳安排是：aba，bcb，cdc，ded，ee。,Shelleys Poetry,西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景,Event Time：August 16, 1819 Location ：The Slaughter of St. Peters. Manchester(彼得盧事件，曼徹斯特) Two party: Englands nobility & working-class citizens Relative words: Economic problems(經(jīng)濟(jì)問題） French Revolution（法國大革命） Established order（既定規(guī)章制度） Earliamentary reform & laws redesigned （重整國會&重訂法律條文） Result: 11 killed & 500 injured（11死，500傷）,The Slaughter of St. Peter 彼得盧屠殺事件 1819.8.16,西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景,Place: a Forest in Western Italy Florence (弗羅倫斯) Arno River (阿諾河畔) Weather&Clime: Autumn Before the downpour Wild wind,Setting of the poem,西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景,Written in the Autumn, 1819, and published in the following year, this poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when the tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collecting the vapors which pour down the autumnal rains. They began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain, attended by that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar to the Cisalpine regions.,西風(fēng)頌雪萊“三大頌”詩歌中的一首，寫于1819年當(dāng)時，歐洲各國的工人運動和革命運動風(fēng)起云涌。1819年8月，曼徹斯特八萬工人舉行了聲勢浩大的游行示威，反動當(dāng)局竟出動軍隊野蠻鎮(zhèn)壓，制造了歷史上著名的彼得盧大屠殺事件。拿破侖帝國的解體也大大促進(jìn)了西班牙人民反對異族壓迫和封建專制的革命運動，1819年1月，終于響起了武裝起義的槍聲。就在武裝起義的前夕，海涅給西班牙人民獻(xiàn)上了頌歌一首，為西班牙革命吹響了進(jìn)軍的號角。在意大利和希臘，民族解放運動方興未艾，雪萊的西風(fēng)頌發(fā)表不久，這兩個國家也先后爆發(fā)了轟轟烈烈的武裝起義。,西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景,面對著歐洲山雨欲來風(fēng)滿樓的革命形勢，雪萊為之鼓舞，為之振奮，詩人胸中沸騰著熾熱的革命激情。這時，在一場暴風(fēng)驟雨的自然景象的觸發(fā)下，這種難以抑制的革命激情立刻沖出胸膛，一瀉千里，化作激昂慷慨的歌唱。這時詩人正旅居意大利，處于創(chuàng)作的高峰期。這首詩可以說是詩人“驕傲、輕捷而不馴的靈魂”的自白，是時代精神的寫照。詩人憑借自己的詩才，借助自然的精靈讓自己的生命與鼓蕩的西風(fēng)相呼相應(yīng)，用氣勢恢宏的篇章唱出了生命的旋律和心靈的狂舞。,西風(fēng)頌的寫作背景,王佐良（1916-1995），英國文學(xué)專家,教授。浙江上虞人。1939年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)外語系。 1947年留學(xué)英國牛津大學(xué)。1949年回國任教。在詩歌和文學(xué)上都具有杰出成就。王佐良先生選擇了英國詩史上從喬叟(Chaucer)、蒲柏(Pope)、拜倫(Byron)等到希尼(Seamus Heaney)近70位詩人的作品, 題材廣泛, 詩體多樣。其詩文鳳上與彭斯一致。除先后出版英國詩文選譯集、彭斯詩選(40首)、彭斯詩選(61首)、彭斯選集、蘇格蘭詩選，并且在1997年 王佐良文集中也有不少詩歌翻譯作品。,譯者王佐良和江楓的簡介,1.王佐良,江楓（1916-1995），原名吳云森，安徽歙縣人，1929年7月生于上海。曾就讀于西南聯(lián)大附中、清華大學(xué)外文系和北京大學(xué)中文系。 1996年被聘為清華大學(xué)外語系暨人文學(xué)院兼職教授。英國劍橋國際傳記中心榮譽顧問；北京國際漢字研究會顧問。著有詩歌塞上行，劇本車夫之死，譯著雪萊詩選、狄金森詩選、雪萊抒情詩全集、雪萊抒情詩選(英漢對照本)、美國現(xiàn)代詩抄、南斯拉夫馬其頓詩選、中國的戰(zhàn)歌、中國在反擊、史沫特萊傳、伊索寓言全集、雪萊全集等,譯者王佐良和江楓的簡介,2.江楓,Ode to the West Wind Stanza I O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion oer the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!,Stanza II Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion, Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine aery surge, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zeniths height, The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, Vaulted with all thy congregated might Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!,Stanza III Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean, where he lay, Lulld by the coil of his crystalline streams, Beside a pumice isle in Baiaes bay, And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the waves intenser day, All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou For whose path the Atlantics level powers Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean, know Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear, And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!,Stanza IV If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share The impulse of thy strength, only less free Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even I were as in my boyhood, and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven, As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed Scarce seemd a vision; I would neer have striven As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chaind and bowd One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.,Stanza V Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own! The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like witherd leaves to quicken a new birth! And, by the incantation of this verse, Scatter, as from an unextinguishd hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakend earth The trumpet of a prophecy! Oh Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?,用最后一節(jié)來進(jìn)行比較分析,Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own 王佐良： 讓我做你的豎琴吧，就同森林一般， 縱然我們都落葉紛紛，又有何妨！ 江楓： 象你以森林演奏，請也以我為琴， 哪怕我的葉片也象森林的一樣凋謝！,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,分析：這兩句中，王佐良是直接譯出，未作詞序上的變動，而江則進(jìn)行了詞序的大調(diào)整?？偟膹娘L(fēng)格上來講，王文斷句上顯得比較簡練，基本符合中文的用于習(xí)慣，達(dá)意也比較明確，竊以為，這句話，王文要優(yōu)于江文,The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, 王佐良： 我們身上的秋色斑爛， 好給你那狂飚曲添上深沉的回響， 江楓： 你那非凡和諧的慷慨激越之情， 定能從森林和我同奏出深沉的秋樂，,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,分析：這兩句中，由于比較抽象， 王、江二人均以意譯的方式來處理，兩者相比較而言，本人感覺江文略勝于王文，江還是在借助上一句中森林的意象進(jìn)行分析，這樣銜接比較妥當(dāng)，森林即使凋謝，也亦有深沉的歡樂，與中國的 “化作春泥更護(hù)花”頗有貼近，詩人的樂觀主義情懷躍然紙上。,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! 王佐良： 甜美而帶蒼涼。給我你迅猛的勁頭！ 豪邁的精靈，化成我吧，借你的鋒芒， 江楓： 悲愴卻又甘冽。但愿你勇猛的精靈 竟是我的魂魄，我能成為剽悍的你！,分析：此文翻譯后的意象 ， 兩者竟然截然相反，由此可見詩歌翻譯的不確定性，王文以自身為主，將自己的奮發(fā)的滿腔激情注入西風(fēng)這個精靈中，江文則反道而行，愿借西風(fēng)的勇猛勢頭來堅定自己內(nèi)心的意念，增強自己對革命必將勝利的勇氣。而從背景中是詩人 借助自然的精靈讓自己的生命與鼓蕩的西風(fēng)相呼相應(yīng)的，某種程度上，二者已合二為一。所以譯文無所謂對錯，關(guān)鍵在于角度。,本人更傾向于王文，承上能把詩人的內(nèi)心激蕩的氣勢表現(xiàn)得更為有力，可以把勇氣借給西風(fēng)，來一掃肅殺的決心。,Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth! And , by the incantation of this verse, 王佐良： 把我的腐朽思想掃出宇宙， 掃走了枯葉好把新生來激發(fā)； 憑著我這詩韻做符咒， 江楓： 請把我枯萎的思緒播送宇宙， 就象你驅(qū)遣落葉催促新的生命， 請憑借我這韻文寫就的符咒，,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,評析：這里兩文的區(qū)別就只體現(xiàn)在選詞上了，意境的營造已經(jīng)出入不大了，但對于準(zhǔn)確用詞達(dá)意程度來說，王文明顯高于江文，如紅色部分所標(biāo)，詞匯選用不大妥帖，且江文末句相比較而言，也有失凝練。,Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened earth 王佐良： 猶如從未滅的爐頭吹出火花， 把我的話散布在人群之中！ 對那沉睡的大地，拿我的嘴當(dāng)喇叭， 江楓： 就象從未滅的余燼飏出爐灰和火星， 把我的話語傳遍天地間萬戶千家， 通過我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境，,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,評析： 同樣是選詞上，這一段江的詞語卻又十分到位，剛?cè)岬皿w，既十分大氣，又不失文雅，如“余燼飏出”“萬戶千家”。在表意方面，比“喇叭”與“爐火”過的意象更為鮮明; 就氣勢上講，江文也更為恢弘磅礴。,The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind? 王佐良： 吹響一個預(yù)言！呵，西風(fēng)， 如果冬天已到，難道春天還用久等？ 江楓： 讓預(yù)言的號角奏鳴！哦，風(fēng)啊， 如果冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？,王和江的譯文比較鑒賞,評析：此處江文的第二句話對我們來說，幾乎早已耳熟能詳，可見“如果冬天來了，春天還會