詞匯第五講詞根和單詞.ppt

Chapter 5,Root and Word Power,insulate, insolate,insulate v. 使絕緣, 隔離 含有詞根insul，為“島嶼 (island)”之意，從詞匯的構(gòu)成上看，此詞有“使成為孤島”之意，因而其含義為“使絕緣, 隔離” insulation n.絕緣 Many houses in the north are warm in winter because they are insulated so that the heat is not lost. insolate v. 曝曬 含有詞根sol，為“太陽(yáng) (the sun)”之意，從詞匯的構(gòu)成上看，此詞有“置于太陽(yáng)之中”之意，因而其含義為“曝曬” insolation n.曝曬, 日光浴 The farmers insolate grains for storage.,詞根insul表示“島嶼”，來(lái)自于拉丁語(yǔ)insula，并形成變體isol，以下單詞也含有此詞根： isolate v. 使孤立，隔離；使絕緣 isol (island) + -ate isolation n. 隔離，孤立，分離，絕緣 We should never isolate ourselves from the masses. peninsula n. 半島 pen-(next to,almost) + insul (island)+-a (noun) peninsular adj. 半島的；n.半島的居民 Between these ocean-filled valleys, there are wooden peninsulas and islands. insular adj. 島的，島民的；偏狹的 insul (island)+-ar Japan is an insular country. insulin n. 胰島素 insul (island)+-in (element) They won the 1923 Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin.,含有詞根insul及其變體的單詞還有： island n. isle n. islet n. *,詞根sol之意為“太陽(yáng)”，其變體包括sun, south和hel還見(jiàn)于以下英語(yǔ)單詞中： solar adj. 太陽(yáng)的, 日光的 The solar cell can convert the energy of sunlight into electric energy. solstice n. 至，至日 sol (sun) + stic solstitial adj. 至的 parasol n. solarium n. turnsole n. sun n. south n. ad. & a Sol,Helios helium n. heliocentric adj. heliotherapy n. heliosis n. ,cooperation, corporation,cooperation n. 合作, 協(xié)作 co-(together) + oper (to work)+ -ation cooperative adj. 合作的, 協(xié)力的 Your cooperation means a great deal to us. The school was very cooperative when we made a film there. corporation n. 公司, 企業(yè) 含有詞根corpor，為“軀體(body)”之意，此詞有“構(gòu)成實(shí)體”之意，進(jìn)一步引申為“公司, 企業(yè)” John works for a large American chemical corporation.,opera n. operation n. operable adj. *,詞根corpor為“軀體，團(tuán)體”之意，還構(gòu)成： corporal adj. 肉體的, 身體的；n. 下士 A teacher should not give students corporal punishment. corporate adj. 社團(tuán)的, 共同的, 全體的 This university is a corporate body formed from several colleges. incorporate v. 合并, 使組成公司；adj. 合并的, 結(jié)社的 Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. corpse n. ,transition, transaction,transition n. 轉(zhuǎn)換, 躍遷, 過(guò)渡 trans-(across) + it (to go)+ -ion transit n. 交易 All transactions, from banking to shopping, will be performed electronically. Please leave us for a minute or so, I have some private business to transact with your brother.,詞根it 表示“行走 (to go)”，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： initial adj. 開始的，最初的 in-(into) + it (to go)+-ial (of ) initiate v.使入門，開始，創(chuàng)始 initiation n. 開始，創(chuàng)始 initiative adj. & n. The initial talks were the base of the later agreement. itinerary n. 旅程，路線 itiner (to go) + ary Tell us your itinerary so that we can reach you in case of emergency.,含有詞根it的單詞還有 ambition n. amb- (round) + it (to go) +-ion (ing) exit n. circuit n. circu- (ring) + it (to go) issue v. iss (out) + u +e (it) *,詞根act源于拉丁語(yǔ)actum，為“行動(dòng)”之意，并有變體ag和ig，還見(jiàn)于下列單詞之中： agenda n. 日程安排 ag (to do) + -enda (things) There were three items on the agenda for business meeting. agile adj. 敏捷的 ag (to do) + -ile (having the character or quality of ) agility n敏捷，活潑 The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience. activate v. 使活動(dòng)，刺激 We need a feasible plan to activate the economic market. active adj. activism n. activist n. activity n. interact v. 相互作用，互動(dòng) inter-(between) + act (to do) interaction n相互作用，交感 interactive adj.交互性的 This program is a kind of interactive entertainment. counteract v. 抵消，中和 counter-(against) + act (to do) They will counteract the effects of his bad influence.,exact v. & adj. exaction n. react v. reaction n. reactor n. reactive adj. agent n. agency n. ,ensure, ensue,ensure v. 確保, 保證 含有詞根sur，為“肯定的(sure)”之意，因而此詞的含義為“確保, 保證” We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. ensue v. 跟著發(fā)生, 接踵而來(lái) 含有詞根sue，為“跟隨 (to follow)”之意，因而此詞的含義為“跟著發(fā)生, 繼起”。該詞根變體包括secu, sequ, suit。 A hand grenade exploded by accident and I got lost in the ensuing confusion.,詞根sur還構(gòu)成： assure v. 斷然地說(shuō), 確告, 保證 assurance n. 確信, 斷言, 保證, 擔(dān)保 I assure you theyll be perfectly safe with us. Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed. reassure v. 使.安心, 再保證 The manager tried to reassure her that she will not lose her job. insure v. 給.保險(xiǎn), 確保 insurance n. 保險(xiǎn) My house is insured against fire. Hes applying for two other jobs as an insurance against not passing the interview for this one.,詞根sue及其變體還構(gòu)成以下單詞： pursue v. 追趕, 追求 pursuit n.追求 pursuant adj.追蹤的, 依照的 She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree. sue v. consequent adj. con- (completely) + sequ (to follow) + -ent (ing) subsequent adj. sequence n. sequ (to follow) + -ence(the quality or condition) sequel n. consecutive adj. persecute v. prosecute v. ,prosper, prospect,prosper v. 成功, 興隆, 昌盛 含有詞根sper，為“期望(to expect)”之意，從詞匯的構(gòu)成上看，此詞有“前途有希望”之意，因而其含義為“成功, 興隆, 昌盛” prosperous adj. 繁榮的 prosperity n. 繁榮 The newly developed satellite town is prospering with each passing day. At no time has the country been more prosperous than at present. prospect n. & v. 前景, 前途, 期望；尋找, 勘探 含有詞根spect，為“觀看(to look or see)”之意，從詞匯的構(gòu)成上看，此詞有“向前觀看” 之意，因而其含義為“前景, 前途, 期望” prospective adj. 預(yù)期的 Theres not much prospect of Mr. Smiths being elected as Congressman.,詞根sper還構(gòu)成以下單詞： desperate adj. 絕望的，不顧一切的 de-(removing) + sper (hope)+-ate despair n.&v 絕望，失望 desperation n.絕望 The wretched people rose in desperation against their rulers.,詞根spect之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： expect v. inspect v. respect v. & n. (respectable, respectful, respective adj.) suspect v. & n. spectator n. spectacle n. (spectacles n.) spectacular adj. special adj. species n. spice n. specific adj.,specimen n. conspicuous adj. despise v. spy n. espionage n. scope n. aspect n. speculate v. perspective n. despite prep. despise v. ,solitary, sanitary,solitary adj. 孤獨(dú)的 含有詞根sol，為“單獨(dú)的(alone)”之意，因而此詞的含義為“孤獨(dú)的” solitude n. 孤獨(dú) The arch-criminal was kept solitary confinement. 含該詞根的詞還有： sole adj. solo n. sanitary adj. 衛(wèi)生的，健康的 含有詞根san，為“治愈(to heal)”之意，因而此詞的含義為“清潔衛(wèi)生的” sanitation n. 衛(wèi)生, 衛(wèi)生設(shè)施 sanitate v. insanitary adj. Hospital operating instruments must be sanitary.,詞根san還構(gòu)成： sane adj. 健全的 sanity n.心智健全 Its hard to stay sane under such awful pressure. His strange remarks planted doubts in our minds about his sanity. insane adj. 患精神病的; 瘋狂的 insanity n. 精神錯(cuò)亂, 瘋狂 I have an insane desire to finish that thing. sanatorium n. ,visible, risible,visible adj. 看得見(jiàn)的 含有詞根vis，為“看見(jiàn)(to see)”之意，因而此詞的含義為“看得見(jiàn)的, 明顯的, 顯著的” visibility n.可見(jiàn)度, 可見(jiàn)性 The smoke from the fire was visible from the road. risible adj. 能笑的, 愛(ài)笑的, 可笑的, 滑稽的 含有詞根ris，為“笑( to laugh)”之意 He drew a risible picture on the wall.,詞根vis 來(lái)自于拉丁語(yǔ)“uidre”有“to see”之意，其變體為vid,visible adj. 看得見(jiàn)的 visibility n.能見(jiàn)度 invisible 看不見(jiàn)的 invisibility n. 看不清 The microscope enables us to see organisms invisible to the naked eyes. visual adj. 看的，視覺(jué)的 visualize v.想象，直觀顯示，形象化 visualization n.想象，直觀 Radar tells us of an approaching object long before visual contact is possible.,vision n. 視力，想象力，幻影 visionary adj.空幻的 She was given to visionary schemes which never materialized. envision v. 想象，展望 envisage v. 正視 evident adj. television n. visit v. & n. advise v. vista n. visa n. visage n. video n.,provide v. 供應(yīng)，準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)防 pro-(before) + vid-(to see) provision n.供應(yīng)，預(yù)備 provisional adj.臨時(shí)的 providence n.深謀遠(yuǎn)慮，天意，上帝 provident adj.有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的 The treaty had no provision for settling the disputed boundary between the two nations. revise v. 修訂，修改 re-(back) + vis (to see) revision n.修訂，修訂本 revisal n.修改 revisable adj.可修改的，可訂正的 Before handing in your composition, be sure to revise it carefully. supervise v. 監(jiān)督 super-(above) + vis (to see) supervision n. 監(jiān)督, 管理 supervisor n.監(jiān)工，指導(dǎo)者,vid或vis還有一些變體，如：view, evy, vei- 等。 survey v.眺望，測(cè)量 surveillance n.監(jiān)視，盯梢 view 景觀 interview 接見(jiàn)，采訪 preview 預(yù)映，預(yù)習(xí) review 復(fù)習(xí) purview n.視界，區(qū)域 ,詞根ris還有一變體rid，還構(gòu)成： ridicule n.&v. 嘲笑，愚弄 ridiculous adj.荒謬的，可笑的 The opposition ridiculed the governments proposals, saying they offered nothing new. That fat woman looked ridiculous in her tight golden dress. deride v. 嘲弄，嘲笑 de-(down) + rid (to laugh) derision n.嘲笑 derisive adj.嘲笑的，值得嘲笑的 The people derided his grand schemes. They greeted his proposal with derision and refused to consider it seriously. ,capacious, rapacious,capacious adj. 容積大的, 寬敞的, 廣闊的 含有詞根cap，為“容納(to take or hold)”之意 capacity n. 容量, 生產(chǎn)量 Professor Johnson is a man of capacious mind. In prospect of increase in demand, we should operate at full capacity. rapacious adj. 掠奪的, 貪婪的 含有詞根rap，為“搶奪(to snatch)”之意 The hunters drove this rapacious beast from his den into the open.,cap 來(lái)自拉丁動(dòng)詞capere, 表示”取 (to take)”, capt, cept 來(lái)自它的過(guò)去分詞, ceive為此根的法語(yǔ)變體，其它變體還有cip, cup。 capture n. 俘虜，捕獲物；v. 捕獲 capt (to take) + -ure (the result) captive adj. 被俘虜?shù)?；n. 俘虜，捕獲物 capt (to take) + -ive (being) receive v. re-(back) + ceive (to take) receiver n. reception n. receptive adj. deceive v. de- (away) + ceive (to take) deceiver n. deception n. deceptive adj.,conceive v. con- (in) + ceive (to take) conception n. perceive v. 感覺(jué)，覺(jué)察 per- (thoroughly) + ceive (to take or grasp) except v. & prep exception n. anticipate v. anti- (before) + cip (to take) + -ate anticipation n. principal adj. & n. prin- (first) + cip (to take) + -al (of ) participate v. part (part) + i + cip (to take) + -ate participation n. participant n. emancipate v. occupy v. accept v.,詞根rap及其變體rav, rapt還見(jiàn)于下列單詞中： rapture v. 使狂喜，n.歡天喜地 The dream had been worth suffering for the sake of this sudden rapture. ravish v. 強(qiáng)奪 The wolf ravished the lamb from the flock. ravage v.&n. 掠奪，蹂躪 It is hard for anyone to escape from the ravages of time.,raptor n. raven n. ,veracious, vivacious, voracious,veracious adj說(shuō)實(shí)話的, 誠(chéng)實(shí)的, 準(zhǔn)確的, 真實(shí)的 含有詞根ver，為“真實(shí)的”之意 veracity n. 真實(shí), 老實(shí), 誠(chéng)實(shí) He is very veracious; he never lies. I dont doubt the veracity of your report. vivacious adj.活潑的, 快活的 含有詞根viv，為“生命 (life)”之意 vivacity n. 活潑 The vivacious girl made a good cheerleader. voracious adj. 狼吞虎咽的, 貪婪的 含有詞根vor，為“吞食(to devour)”之意 voracity n. 貪食, 貪婪 The wolf is a voracious animal.,詞根ver還構(gòu)成以下單詞： verify v. 證明，查證 ver (true) + -fy (to make) verifiable adj. 能證實(shí)的，能作證的 verification n. 確認(rèn)，查證，作證 The computer verified whether the data was loaded correctly. veritable adj. 真正的 verity n.真實(shí)，真理 The show is a veritable reservoir of new talent. aver v. 斷言，主張 ad-(toward) + ver (true) He avers he will not attend the meeting. very adj. verdict n. *,詞根vor還構(gòu)成以下單詞： devour v. 吞吃，狼吞虎咽似地吃 de-(down) + vour (to eat) Time and war have devoured many ancient monuments. herbivorous adj. 食草的，以草為食的 herbi (grass) + vor (to eat)+-ous (full of) 構(gòu)成 Control methods have had to be employed to protect cattle and other herbivorous animals from damage to bones and teeth. carnivore n. 食肉動(dòng)物 carn (flesh) + i + vor (to eat) + e carnivorous adj. 食肉的，以肉為食的 The lion is a carnivorous animal. omnivorous adj. 雜食性的 ,docile, facile, fragile,這一組詞共享后綴-ile，為“易于的，傾向于的”之意。 docile adj.;容易教的, 馴良的, 溫順的 含有詞根doc，為“教導(dǎo) (to teach)”之意 docility n.順從, 溫順 He is a docile and well-behaved child. facile adj. 易做到的, 容易的 含有詞根fac，為“做，制造”之意 facility n.容易,設(shè)備,工具 facilitate vt.使容易, 使便利 He proposed a facile solution to a complex problem. The facility of this piece of music makes it a pleasure to play. It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative. fragile adj. 易碎的, 脆的 含有詞根frag，為“折，斷裂 (to break)”之意 fragility n.脆弱, 虛弱 The fragile boxes arrived intact.,詞根doc或doct還出現(xiàn)在以下單詞中： doctrine n 教義，教條 doct (to teach) + r (or) + -ine (something done) doctrinal adj教條的，學(xué)說(shuō)的 The Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. indoctrinate v. 灌輸 in (into) + doctrin (doctrine) + ate (to cause ) indoctrination n. 教導(dǎo), 教化 The writer wants to indoctrinate the readers with the idea. doctor n. document n. doc( to teach) + u + ment (thing) documentary n. & a.,dec, dox, dig也是該詞根的變體： decent a. 像樣的，體面的；大方的；正派的 decorate v. 裝飾，裝潢 dec (to take) + or + ate decoration n. orthodox a. 傳統(tǒng)的；正統(tǒng)的，正宗的 ortho (correct) + dox paradox n. 自相矛盾的人或事物 para (beside) + dox dignity n. 莊嚴(yán)，端莊；尊嚴(yán)，高尚 Indignant a. 憤怒的，憤慨的，義憤的 indignation n. 憤怒，憤慨，義憤 *,詞根frag和fract來(lái)自拉丁動(dòng)詞frangere,意思相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)的to break （破），還構(gòu)成一下單詞 fragment n. frag (to break) + -ment (the result) fraction n. 碎片，分?jǐn)?shù) fract (to break) + -ion (the result) fracture n. 破裂；骨折 fract (to break) + -ure (the act or state) infraction n. 違犯，違背 in- (in) + fract (to break) + -ion (the act) fragrance n. fragrant a.,break v. & n. broken a. breach n. 破壞，違反；（關(guān)系）破裂，不和 v. 攻破，在造成缺口；破壞，違反 brick n. ,altitude, aptitude, latitude, longitude, magnitude, multitude,這一組詞共享后綴-tude，為“度、量”之意。 altitude n. 高度, 高處 含有詞根alti，為“高 (high)”之意 The plane flew at an altitude of 20,000 meters. aptitude n. 天資, 才能 含有詞根apt，為“易于的，適合的( to fit)”之意 apt adj. 易于的 Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics. She has an apt turn of phrase for summing up a situation. latitude n. 緯度, 范圍 含有詞根lat，為“寬”之意 They allow their children too much latitude, in my view; they should be stricter. longitude n. 經(jīng)度, 經(jīng)線 含有詞根long，為“長(zhǎng)的 (long)”之意 The town is at longitude 24 degrees east. magnitude n. 大小, 數(shù)量, 巨大 含有詞根magn，為“宏大 (great)”之意 I want to know the magnitude of this equipment. multitude n. 多數(shù), 群眾 含有前綴multi-，為“多(many)”之意 A large multitude of people assembled in the park for the festival.,詞根alt還構(gòu)成以下單詞： altar n. altimeter n. alto n. *,詞根ap(t)還可以構(gòu)成以下單詞： adapt v. 使適應(yīng), 改編 adaptation n. 適應(yīng), 改編 She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare. apt adj. 易于，有傾向 attitude n. couple n. & v. *,詞根long還構(gòu)成以下單詞： longevity n. longing n. along prep. belong v. prolong v. length n. lengthy adj. linger v. lounge v. & n. *,詞根magn還構(gòu)成以下單詞： magnificent adj. 華麗的, 高尚的, 宏偉的 magnificence n. 華麗, 富麗堂皇 The magnificent goal spurred the team on to victory. The Great wall is known for its long history and its magnificence. magnate n. 大亨，巨頭，富豪 The steel magnate decided to devote more time to city politics. magnify v.,詞根mag(n)的變體有much, meg和max： major adj. mayor n. majority n. majesty n. climax n. maxim n. maximum n. much master mister mistress miss May ,accent, ascent, assent,accent n. 重音, 口音 ac-(toward) + cent (to sing) His accent betrayed the fact that he was foreign. ascent n. 上升, 提高, 攀登 a-(to) + scent (to climb) ascend v. 上升, 攀登 Who was the first man to make an ascent in a balloon? We watched the mists ascending from the valley below. assent v. & n. 贊成 as-(to) + sent (to feel) The judge assented to allow the prisoner to speak.,詞根cent及其變體cant為“歌唱”之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： descant v. 詳論 des-(away) + cant (to sing) In class he descanted on his favorite writer. recant v. 放棄 re-(back) + cent (to sing) The accused refused to recant his statement. incentive n. 動(dòng)機(jī)；adj. 激勵(lì)的 in-(on) + cent (to sing) + ive They dont try very hard if there is no incentive. cant n. 術(shù)語(yǔ)，行話，暗語(yǔ),詞根cent的變體還包括hen, chant, cert ： hen n. chant v. 反復(fù)有節(jié)奏地喊叫或演唱；吟頌； n. 贊美詩(shī)，圣歌 enchant v. 試陶醉，使入迷；使著魔 charm n. & v. concert n. *,詞根scent及其變體scend為“攀爬”之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： descend v. 下來(lái), 下降 de-(down) + scend (to climb) descent n. 降下, 降落 descendant n. 子孫, 后裔, 后代 The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. He is a descendant of Queen Victoria. transcend v. scan n. scandal n. *,詞根sent及其變體sens和send為“送、去、感受，感覺(jué)”之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： sentiment n. 感情，情緒，思想感情 senti (sense) + -ment sentimental adj. 情感上的，傷感的，多愁善感的 There is no place for sentiment in business. He has a sentimental attachment to his birthplace. sensible adj. 能感覺(jué)到的，可覺(jué)察的 sens (sense)+ -ible sensibility n. 感受性，感覺(jué) Saving your presence, I dont think the suggestion is very sensible. sensitive adj. 敏感的，神經(jīng)過(guò)敏的 sens (sense) + -itive This is such an sensitive issue that perhaps the press should not be told. sensation n. 感覺(jué)，知覺(jué) sens (sense)+ -ation sensational adj. 感覺(jué)的 What a sensational story! It has all the elements of a soap opera.,consent v.&n. 同意，贊同 con-(together) + sent (sense) She was chosen by common consent to speak for the group. dissent v. 不同意，持不同意見(jiàn)，持異議 dis-(not) + sent (sense) They expressed their dissent from official policy. resent v. 對(duì)不滿，怨恨 re-(against) + sent (sense) resentful adj. 不滿的，忿恨的 resentment n. 不滿，忿恨，怨恨 I resent having to get his permission for everything I do. He is resentful at the way he has been treated. Instead of discussing their problems, they bottle up all their anger and resentment.,sentence n. & v. consensus n. ,confirm, conform,confirm v. 確定, 批準(zhǔn), 使鞏固 con-(for emphasis) + firm (strong, fixed) confirmation n. 證實(shí), 確認(rèn), 批準(zhǔn) He looked around to confirm that he was alone. Your news was really confirmation for my beliefs. conform v. 使一致, 使遵守, 使順從 con-(together) + form (shape, to form) conformation n. 符合，一致；結(jié)構(gòu)，組成 conformity n. 一致，符合 She left home to escape the pressure to conform to her familys way of life.,詞根firm為“固定的、堅(jiān)固的”之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： affirm v. 斷言, 確認(rèn), 肯定 af- (toward) + firm (strong) affirmation n. 斷言, 肯定 affirmative adj. 肯定的 They affirmed that the girl did quite a bit of reading. The poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love. infirm adj. infirmary n. farm n. *,詞根form為“形狀”之意，還構(gòu)成以下單詞： formation n. 形成，構(gòu)成，編隊(duì) form + -ation School life has a great influence on the formation of a childs character. perform v. 履行，執(zhí)行，表演 per-(through) + form performance n. 履行，實(shí)行，執(zhí)行 Their football team performed very well in the match yesterday. formal adj. 正式的，合禮儀的，形式的 form + -al formality n. 禮節(jié)，儀式，正式手續(xù) Business letters are usually formal, but we write in an informal way to family members or friends.,deform v. 使畸形，損傷的形狀 de-(away) + form deformity n. 畸形，殘疾 The poor old mans body has been deformed by disease. formulate v. 用公式表示，明確地表達(dá) form+-ul (little) + -ate The