2019屆高考英語二輪題海特訓(xùn)營9閱讀理解詞義猜測一.docx

閱讀理解-詞義猜測一1、He was once referred to as the Picasso of poetry. Beloved by Chileans of all classes, he is one of the most widely read and respected poets in history. And this year is the 108th birthday of Pablo Neruda (1904 1973). Born with the name Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto,he was a tall.shy and lonely boy. He loved to read and started to write poetry when he was ten. The American poet Walt Whitman, whose framed picture Neruda later kept on his table.became a major influence on his work. However, his father did not like the idea of having a poet for a son and tried to discourage him from writing. To cover up the publication of his finst poem,he took the pen name Pablo Neruda. In 1924 Neruda gained fame with his most widely read work Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. Yet his rich experience as a diplomat and exile(被流放者) made him go beyond the theme of love. His work also reflected the political struggle of the left and development of South America. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. Neruda loved the sea which he saw as creative, destructive and forever moving. He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast. .I need the sea because it teaches me,” he wrote. I move in the university of the waves. He loved how the sea forever renewed itself,a renewal echoed in his work.1.The underlined word “Picasso” can probably be replaced by _A.most important personB.famous person from PicassoC.freedom fighter in PicassoD.poem fan2.Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto took the pen name Pablo Neruda because_.A.literary greats usually used the pen nameB.his father encouraged him to use the nameC.he wanted to prevent his father knowing the publicationD.he was greatly influenced by other poets3.Which of the following is not the theme of his works?A.Love.B.Political struggle.C.Social reform.D.Development of South America.4.The last paragraph mainly tells us_.A.the sea gave Neruda vast writing inspirationB.the beautiful scenery along the Chile coastC.Nerudas poems were widely read overseasD.Neruda loved to write his poems near the sea2、 American high school students are terrible writers, and one education reform group thinks it has an answer: robots, or, more accurately robot-readers-computers programmed to scan student essays and spit out a grade. Mark Shermis, professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron, is helping to hold a contest, set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation(WFHF), which promises $ 100,000 in prize money to programmers who write the best automated grading software. “If youre a high school teacher and you give a writing task, youre walking home with 150 essays,” Shermis said. “Youre going to need some help. ” Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s, but computers back then were not up to the task. In the late 1990s, as technology improved, several textbook and testing companies jumped into the field. Today, computers are used to grade essays in South Dakotas student writing assessments and a handful of other exams, including the TOEFL test of English fluency, taken by foreign students. The Hewlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachersonly much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink. “Automated essay scoring is objective,” Shermis said. “And it can be done immediately. If students finish an essay at 10 p. m. , they get a result at 10: 00 p. m. Take, for instance, the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a web-based tool marketed by Pearson Education, Inc. Within seconds it can analyze an essay for spelling, grammar, organization, and help students to make revision. The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic(語義的) patterns, and Pearson claims that it can understand the meaning of a text much the same as a human reader.1.The text is written to introduce_.A.Hewlett contestB.the education reform in AmericaC.robot-readersD.William and Flora Hewlett Foundation2.What does the underlined phrase “spit out” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Analyze.B.Organize.C.Give.D.Check.3.What does Paragraph 4 focus on?A.The application of automated essay scoring.B.The advantages of automated essay scoring.C.The prize of Hewlett contest.D.Teachers opinions about Hewlett contest.3、 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one ofSteins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收銀臺(tái)) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists likeSteintomake the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shopperstopurchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energytoproduce and transport. And while plastic bags may be uglytolook at, they represent a small percentage of allgarbageon the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energytomake. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists dont dispute(質(zhì)疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shopperstouse the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control4、 Dan Austin is a writer and filmmaker. He is “saving” the world,giving away one bike at a time. In 2006, Austin and his brother started an organization called 88Bikes. Its a non-profit(非營利性的) group that delivers bicycles to kids in need around the world. In less than four years, the group has given away nearly 800 bikes in seven different countries. What difference can one bicycle make? A big one, says Austin. Many of the children who have received bikes from 88Bikes live in faraway areas and in orphanages (孤兒院). Having a bike gives the kids a safe and quick way to get to school. “Owning a bike can also mean freedom for a young person, and the happiness that a bike can bring is just more important than anything else, Austin explains. “This may also be favorable to their study because being happy they are likely to learn more,” Austin added. Austin and his brother thought of the idea for 88Bikes in an outing. They once went to Cambodia by bike. After the ride, they decided to give away their bikes to an orphanage in the city of Phnom Penh. “But then we realized there were 88 kids at the orphanage, Austin said. “We wanted to help the other 86 kids, too. ,So, they set up the group as well as a website for donations. Four days later, there was enough money to buy more than enough bicycles. Along with the bikes, all of the children receive caps, bike locks and shoes. They also receive photos of the people who made the donations. “We want them to know that there is somebody across the ocean that always cares about them,” Austin says. A world map is put on the back of the photo which shows where the donors(捐贈(zèng)人) live. The donors also receive pictures of the kids and their new bikes.1.Dan Austin and his brother give away bikes to_.A.save the worldB.help the kidsC.make moneyD.move others2.Which of the following may replace the underlined word “delivers” in Paragraph 1?A.showsB.lendsC.sellsD.sends3.According to the passage, owning a bike may make it possible for kids to_.save time get freedom learn morereceive respect be happy keep healthyA.B.C.D.4.What can be learned from the passage?A.The donors and the kids can learn about each other.B.Austin and his brother set up the organization two years ago.C.Nearly 800 bikes have been sent to seven cities in Cambodia.D.Only by going on an outing can bikes be given to kids in need.5、One of Indias top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students performance, making them lonely and even suicidal. Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology( IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. “Now, a student doesnt even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,” said Prakash Gopalan, dean of Student Affairs. “The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion.” IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of the seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming. “Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbais 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their shells.” Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby (搖籃曲) to go to sleep.” said Rajiv, an electronics student.1.According to the text, the students addicted to the Internet in IIT-Mumbai are likely to _.A.perform well in studiesB.participate in social activitiesC.know their classmates betterD.feel lonely and even suicidal2.The underlined word “dysfunctional” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_”.A.unpopularB.meaningfulC.abnormalD.exciting3.What measures have been taken in IIT-Mumbai?A.Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.B.Students are forbidden to surf the Internet on campus.C.Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.D.Internet access is unavailable in deep night in boarding buildings.4.We may infer from the last paragraph that _.A.all electronics students hate the banning orderB.some students complain about the banning orderC.there is no Internet access on the IIT campus ever sinceD.more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet 6、 LUKLA, NepalQomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “worlds highest junkyard,is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters(搬運(yùn)工) have been mobilized(動(dòng)員)for waste collection and disposal from the mountains southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla Airport, one of the worlds most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the worlds highest peak. “Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonbumable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,” Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said. The SPCC,an environmental conservation organization,has made it mandatory(強(qiáng)制性的) since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually. According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, tom tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks (麻袋)by porters and animals. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp,to Lukla Airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters. On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmandu from Lukla on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The companys CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said,“We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine (未受損害的), natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.1.Whats the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic situation of Mount Everest.B.The introduction of the cleanup campaign.C.The unique way to prevent environmental pollution.D.The description of the most dangerous airport in the world.2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The rule for visitors made by the local travel agencies.B.The cleanup campaign launched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.C.The demand on the climbers made by the SPCC.D.The law for the local people made by the Nepalese government.3.How does the author indicate that the clean up campaign is very tough?A.By listing figures.B.By making comparisons.C.By giving some examples.D.By analyzing some causes.4.Whats Umesh Chandra Rais attitude towards the cleanup campaign?A.Doubtful.B.Curious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Unfavorable. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析： 1.詞義豬測題。根據(jù)下一句的意義“他被智利的各階層人愛戴著,他的作品廣為傳誦,備受尊重?！笨刹聹y出:他曾經(jīng)被譽(yù)為詩壇“巨匠”。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段“To cover up the publication of his first poem.句可知:聶魯達(dá)的父親不贊成兒子當(dāng)詩人,經(jīng)常想方設(shè)法阻止他創(chuàng)作。為了掩人耳目發(fā)表第首詩,詩人就為自己取了個(gè)筆名聶魯達(dá)。3.推理判斷題。第四段二、三句表述的意思是:聶魯達(dá)有著豐富的閱歷,他當(dāng)過外交官,曾流亡國外。因此,他的詩歌主題多樣,并不僅僅限于男女情愛。他的作品還反映了左派政治斗爭以及南美洲的發(fā)展。由此判斷可知。4.段落主旨題。根據(jù) “He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast.和“ He loved how the sea forever renewed itself, a renewal echoed in his work.”兩句可知:海浪磅礴的力量、自由的激蕩,海岸上展翅翱翔的海鳥,這一切都給予聶魯達(dá)無盡的創(chuàng)作靈感。他喜歡大海,還因?yàn)榇蠛Ｔ谟啦煌Ｏ⒌馗轮约?。而他的詩作也猶如大海一樣,不斷地推陳出新 2答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.B解析：1.主旨大意題。文章開門見山提出教育改革小組的想法:發(fā)明能夠幫助老師判定作文等級(jí)的機(jī)器人來減輕教師的負(fù)擔(dān),然后在下文進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,故文章的中心內(nèi)容是介紹這種機(jī)器人,選C。2.詞義猜測題。從下文 who write the best automated grading software可知發(fā)明這種機(jī)器人的目的是替老師們批閱作文,給學(xué)生作文打分,故選C。3.段落大意題。根據(jù)本段中 that computers can grade as well as English teachers 和 without all that depressing red ink 以及 And it can be done immediately.可以判斷本段主要介紹這種機(jī)器人的優(yōu)點(diǎn),選B。 3答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A解析：文章分析了幾種購物袋的使用情況,塑料袋會(huì)造成環(huán)境問題,紙袋盡管容易回收,但生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸需要更多的能源,環(huán)保主義者希望消費(fèi)者使用耐用可重復(fù)使用的袋子。1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知,塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害,是對塑料袋被禁用的解釋和爭論。故選D。2. 詞義猜測題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到這種現(xiàn)狀,塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein等科學(xué)家是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害。headwinds意為“逆風(fēng)”,此處指塑料袋被禁用的現(xiàn)狀,即Bans on plastic bags,故選A。3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知,塑料袋生產(chǎn)商認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)耐用且能重復(fù)使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故選D。4. 標(biāo)題歸納題。文章講述了使用塑料袋會(huì)造成環(huán)境問題,紙袋容易回收,但生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸需要更多的能源,環(huán)保主義者希望消費(fèi)者使用耐用可重復(fù)使