高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解示范課課件.ppt

閱讀理解示范課課件,Reading Comprehension,（一）閱讀總量不少于1000個(gè)單詞，設(shè)問(wèn)共20個(gè)小題，總用詞量逐年增加，閱讀速度每分鐘至少要50個(gè)以上單詞，而且理解準(zhǔn)確率應(yīng)在80%以上。,（二）題材盡量多樣化，包括日常生活、軼事傳說(shuō)、廣告通知、報(bào)道、社會(huì)文化、史地、經(jīng)濟(jì)等。不同題材的文章應(yīng)有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。天文史地、科普常識(shí)類(lèi)，要留心事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；人物傳記、歷史故事、幽默小品類(lèi)，要領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主題、寫(xiě)作意圖、人物性格和特征等；社會(huì)文化教育、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)要注意觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論；風(fēng)土人情、日常生活，要留意（西方）文化與習(xí)俗等；新聞報(bào)道廣告海報(bào)類(lèi)，要注意其獨(dú)特的寫(xiě)作手法、事情的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、涉及的人物具體數(shù)字及作者的態(tài)度。,（三）體裁盡量避免單一化。因此我們務(wù)必熟悉文體格式，熟讀并背誦一些范文，千方百計(jì)增加對(duì)語(yǔ)言經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。,高考閱讀理解命題的三個(gè)原則,（一）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié); （二）既要理解具體的事實(shí)，也要理解抽象的概念; （三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層的含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等; （四）既要理解某句、某段的意義，也要理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷; （五）既能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)去理解。,閱讀理解能力測(cè)試的要求,閱讀理解題型歸類(lèi)及解題技巧,（一）細(xì)節(jié)推理題,一般針對(duì)某個(gè)特定細(xì)節(jié)而提出，難度較小，,屬淺層理解，通讀短文后一般能直接找出答題依據(jù)。,解題方法：,1 通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì),節(jié)，特別注意以下幾個(gè)方面：, 五個(gè)W(Who, where, when, which)和一個(gè)H(how)以及其他特殊之處； 數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間等； 同位語(yǔ)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、省略號(hào)等； 表示附加說(shuō)明的詞，如：by the way, besides, whats more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。 倒裝句及加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的詞，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。,2 選用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。,Practice,The cold is the most common of mans ailments. Yet it stumped the medical authorities. Many of more terrible diseases have come under the control of modern man as the result of the knowledge gained in the lab of science research. Investigators have thought that the cold is usually caused by a virus. However, no method of studying this virus has been devised. The chimpanzee is the only animal to which the disease can be given experimentally. The use of this animal is limited by its cost and by the fact that so many of the animals die of pneumonia during the experiments. This leaves for all practical purposes only human volunteers to be used in research projects. Many inmetes of prisons have helped in this work, but because of these limitations, research into the cause and cure of cold has progressed very slowly.,Research into the cause and cure of colds has _. A. gone ahead very slowly B. gone ahead very quickly C. been very common D. been impossible,Well done,Choose the best answer,要求正確理解短文中一些關(guān)健詞、短語(yǔ)或,句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達(dá)法、詞的多義性、同近義語(yǔ)替換、習(xí)語(yǔ)釋義、句型或語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。,1透徹理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語(yǔ)或,句子，根據(jù)特定的語(yǔ)境判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定含義。 2 要熟悉常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式：,1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _. 2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean? 3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4) The expression /phrase “_” means _. 5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.,Practice,When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous. A. 無(wú)效的 B. 一致通過(guò)的 C. 匿名的 D.有價(jià)值的,2. A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious. A. 有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的 B.鼓勵(lì)的 C.珍貴的 D.稀少的,3. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. A.英雄 B.主角 C.偶像 D.象征,Congratulations!,主要對(duì)短文的結(jié)論、隱含意義（寓意）、作者的傾向、文章的論調(diào)、寫(xiě)作的思路及目的等進(jìn)行考查，,縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，嚴(yán)格按照短文陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述事實(shí)，進(jìn)行正確的、合乎邏輯的推論和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的動(dòng)機(jī)和性格特征、作者的傾向態(tài)度、語(yǔ)言中的語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣等。有時(shí)還可能會(huì)假設(shè)一種情況要求考生對(duì)原文中沒(méi)有提及情況進(jìn)行推理和想象，對(duì)題目中提出各種可能性進(jìn)行推敲，從而選出符合原文信息或作者意圖的最佳答案。,1 讀懂原文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或段落，透徹理解文章內(nèi)容注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次和邏輯關(guān)系，,并結(jié)合閱讀材料外的有關(guān)生活、社會(huì)常識(shí)，仔細(xì)斟酌，作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷和引申。,2 要熟悉常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：,1) We can we infer /conclude from the passage that _. 2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3) The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _. 4) The authors /writers attitude towards is _. 5) What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?,Do you know the following sentences,Practice,Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated our interest. The sociologists interest in the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to now what makes the social what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the way that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way. The passage chiefly concerns _. A. the work of a sociologist B. the new media C. modern society D. decision-makers,此類(lèi)題主要針對(duì)的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段）、作者的寫(xiě)作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在準(zhǔn)確理解全文后歸,納短文要點(diǎn)、概括中心思想，也分析和歸納段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征和環(huán)境特點(diǎn)等。,1領(lǐng)會(huì)全文大意，靈活運(yùn)用概念、判斷、歸納、推理 等邏輯方法，真正理解文章的話(huà)題和中心思想。一般而言，英語(yǔ)文章的話(huà)題往往用很少幾個(gè)詞加以概,括，通常具體反映在文章的題目或一段短文的小標(biāo)題上；不少文章一開(kāi)頭便展示出文章的主題，特點(diǎn)是新聞報(bào)道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，這一段往往表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常貫穿于全文之中；英語(yǔ)文章講究使用主題句和主題段。主題段通常在文章簡(jiǎn)要概括文章中心思想，而主題句(topic sentence)常在一段的開(kāi)頭，也有可能在段中或段末。其作用是交待該段的中心意思，段與段之間常有詞語(yǔ)連接，承上啟下，使文章連貫。要準(zhǔn)確地理解一篇文章必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住,文章的脈絡(luò)，即句與句之間，段落與段落之間邏輯關(guān)系。,1) What I the main subject /the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3) The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _. 4) From the passage we know that _. 5) The main idea of this passage is _. 6) The passage is mainly about _. 7) Choose the best title for the passage.,Do you know the following sentences,圖示理解題中地圖的一般坐標(biāo)方位是“上北下南，左西右東”（特別標(biāo)明方位的除外）。有時(shí)根據(jù)文章內(nèi),容提供一幅或多幅圖（地圖、示意圖或其它圖形），要求考生正確判斷和選擇符合原文內(nèi)容的圖示。,1 先看問(wèn)題和圖示再讀原文，要以原文提供的事實(shí)、邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動(dòng)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，使自己的,思維模式與作者寫(xiě)作時(shí)的思維模式相吻合（詞、短語(yǔ)或句子），分析其中的細(xì)節(jié)，找出符合圖示所要求的必要條件：,1) Which of the following maps gives the right position of ? 2) Which of the following diagrams /pictures /figures shows the correct relationship between A.B and C? 3) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is /looks like?,常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式,A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel(木桶) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof (防彈的) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall.,Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada, Nia