英語教學法教程lectu.ppt

英語教學法教程,A Course in English Language Teaching Yanfang Lu ,Quotations on teaching and learning:,Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.“ The desire to know is far more important than achievement and/or performance measures. Learning is something students do, NOT something done to students,The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. Education is a social process; education is growth; education is not a preparation for life but is life itself.,The goal of this course,一名合格的英語教師，不僅要具備扎實的語言基本功，掌握必要的語言基本知識和基本技能，具有較強的語言交際能力，而且還要掌握一定的教育基本理論和教學基本技能，即能夠根據(jù)實際需要選擇并運用恰當?shù)慕虒W方法和技巧，具備課堂管理的能力和評價的能力，同時具有駕馭教材的能力。而這些能力的形成都基于我們對語言的認識和對語言學習過程的認識。,Contents of this course,Theories（8-9 weeks) - of language and language learning and teaching: curriculum, lesson plan, classroom management, (3 weeks) - Major FL Teaching approaches and methods (2 weeks) - Knowledge on teaching (2 weeks) - Teaching different levels (1 week) Teaching Practice (8-9 weeks): students teaching plus video watching,Teaching methodology,Lecture with discussion (teacher-lead) Video watching. Presentations with comments from teacher and students.,Chapter one,1. How do we learn languages?,2. what are the three views of language mentioned in the text?,I. Three influential views on language 1. Structural view Language is a linguistic system made up of various subsytems. Language learning is to learn these structural systems to be able to understand and produce languages.,Syntax Morphology Phonology,2. Functional View Language is not only a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. It emphasizes the semantic and communicative dimension rather than merely the grammatical characteristics of language.,Language learning is to know how to combine the grammatical rules and vocabulary to express the notions that perform the functions.,Functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing,3. Interactional View Language is a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Language learning is to know the contextual rules for the performance of social transactions among individuals.,It focuses on the appropriateness of using language.,3. Read page 5 and page 6 and try to find out the views on language learning.,Views on language learning,1). Two approaches to the study of language learning: Process-oriented approach is concerned with how the mind processes new information; Condition-oriented approach emphasizes the nature of the human and physical context,2). Four influential theories on language learning,Behaviorist theory: It was initiated by behavioral psychologist Skinner; It was based on the theory of conditioning that “you can train an animal to do anything (within reason) if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, response, and reinforcement” (Harmer).,It suggested language is a form of behavior and language learning involves the same procedure as an animal is trained to respond to stimuli. It leads to the practice of audio-lingual method, involving endless “l(fā)isten and repeat” drilling activities, in American language teaching profession.,Cognitive/ mentalist theory,It is more concerned with the actual linguistic-processing abilities of the individual; It seems to be largely the result of Noam Chomskys innateness hypothesis; It suggested that language is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.,Constructivist theory,Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.,John Dewey believed that teaching should be built based on what learners already knew and engage learners in learning activities.,Social Constructivist theory,It emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” and scaffolding. It is represented by Vygotsky.,Scaffolding: A temporary platform, either supported from below or suspended from above, on which workers sit or stand when performing tasks at heights above the ground.,As a teaching strategy, scaffolding is defined as the process by which an expert provides temporary support to learners to “help bridge the gap between what the learner knows and can do and what he or she needs to accomplish in order to succeed at a particular learning task.“,4. How can one become a good language teacher? 5. Try to explain “r