英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo).ppt

welcome,閱讀理解 高三解題指導(dǎo),Reading comprehension,高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求,要求考生讀懂簡(jiǎn)易的英語(yǔ)文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章并回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題。考生應(yīng)能： 、理解主旨要義； 、理解文中具體信息； 、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義； 、作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和理解； 、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)； 、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度； 7、根據(jù)所讀，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全文章提綱、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作要詞詞語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換。,主旨大意型,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測(cè) 型,命 題 類,推 理 判 斷 型,2010年高考閱讀理解推理判斷題型中要求考生能把握文脈邏輯關(guān)系句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,Reading Comprehension- Inference Questions,閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題,閱讀推理判斷題,推斷題分類,1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that . 這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。,一、如何推斷隱含意義,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 1).全面分析 2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息,1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle.“ （1分鐘） The sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,Practice:,2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分鐘） You can tell that rocks _. A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches,二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：,1. Question forms: The writers attitude toward is_. The writer thought that_. According to the author _.,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。,1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)). （2分鐘） According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,2. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform,說(shuō)明文中作者的態(tài)度: objective neutral 在議論文中，有： (1)positive (2)negative (3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic,客觀的,消極的,漠不關(guān)心的,贊成的,不贊成的,樂(lè)觀的,悲觀的,Taking notes:,中立的,積極的,諷刺的,批評(píng)的,中立的,三、如何推斷寫作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的寫作目的 A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,(2) 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖 A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.,2. 常見(jiàn)的寫作目的歸納 不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種： (1) to entertain readers（娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑） (2) to persuade readers（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)） (3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）,常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience,常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience,多見(jiàn)于科普類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或社會(huì)類的文章.,1. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分鐘） The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them,2. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. （3分鐘） The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of _.,四、如何推斷文章出處,2. 解題技巧 這類問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處：(1)報(bào)紙 ：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱 (2)廣告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn) (3)產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等,1.（全國(guó)卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. （2分鐘） A. textbook B. newsreel(新聞片) C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,2. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分鐘） This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（廣告） D. a government information booklet （小冊(cè)子）,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year.,you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined ,2. 解題技巧 推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理 推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段 開(kāi)始的幾句話。,五推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系,1)推斷上下文內(nèi)容 1. Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.,When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the