開放英語1章節(jié)件輔導教師楊鵬鯤.ppt

,開放英語1課件 輔導教師:楊鵬鯤,Unit 1 Talking About People 一.學習有關職業(yè)的詞匯 工人 worker 推銷員 salesman 醫(yī)生 doctor 職員 clerk 售貨員 shop assistant 士兵 soldier 護士 nurse 接待員 receptionist 官員 officer 編輯 editor 郵遞員 postman 主管 director 主廚 chef 公務員 civil servant 面包師 baker 教師 teacher 經 理 manager 秘書 secretary 侍者 waiter 警 察 policeman 工程師 engineer 首席執(zhí)行官 Chief Executive Officer (CEO),二.語法及各語言點 1.動詞to be (1)在肯定句中,介紹自己和他人可以用動詞to be,其形式隨主語變化而變化. I am from England. (Im) She is a teacher. (Shes) The deputy manager is Chinese. We are workers. (Were) It is a book. (Its) He is an officer. (Hes),(2)否定句直接在to be后面加not. I am not from England. She is not (isnt) a teacher. The deputy manager is not Chinese. We are not (arent) workers. Its not a book. He is not an officer.,(3)將be動詞放在句首構成一般疑問句. Are you from England? Yes, I am. No, Im not. Is she a teacher? Yes, she is No, she isnt. Is the deputy manager Chinese?Yes, she (he) is. No, she (he) isnt. Are you workers? Yes, we are. No, we arent. Is it a book? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Is he an officer? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.,(4)將who, what, when, where, how等特殊疑問詞放在句首,構成特殊疑問句. Where are you from? I am from England What is her job? She is a teacher. Where is your mother? She is in China. How old is your brother? He is 15. What is your name? My name is Tom.,2.不定冠詞aan 在名詞前一般要用冠詞aan,表示 “一個”或者“一”.如果名詞以元音音素開頭(a, e, i, o ,u)，需要用冠詞an，其它用a. a teacher an egg a book an apple a policeman an hour a worker an accountant a company an engineer,3. 與work連用的介詞 I work with Tom in the same factory. Tom works for an IT company. My mother works at a school. I work in Shanghai.,4.代詞,(1)人稱代詞:代替人或事物的代詞叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分.主格一般在句中作主語,賓格則常作動詞或介詞的賓語。 I work in China. We are students. He is 10 years old. She teaches me English. I told him the whole thing. They took it with them.,(2)物主代詞:表示所有關系的代詞稱為物主代詞.有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種. a.形容詞性物主代詞一般用作定語.表“的” My name is Tom. Her mother is a teacher. Their home is in England. Its name is Rex. His sister is very beautiful.,5.名詞的所屬關系： (1)表示有生命的東西（人或物），一般在名詞后加s. Johns father. mothers friends. the doctors home. 注：名詞的復數（以s或es結尾）只要在后面加 the teachers reading room. the workers rest-home(療養(yǎng)院） (2)表示無生命東西的名詞一般與of構成詞組，表示所有關系 the cover of the book the contents of the novel,6.名詞的單數和復數：英語中名詞有單復數之分，一個以上為復數其形式變化如下： (1)名詞復數一般是在名詞后面加s. jobs parents workers banks bags (2)以字母結尾s,sh,ch,x和少數以o結尾的詞后面加es. buses watches heroes boxes brushes tomatoes potatoes 但radios,photos,pianos例外,(3)以字母f, fe結尾的名詞，改f, fe為v加es lifelives leafleaves shelfshelves wifewives (4)以輔音字母y結尾的名詞，去y改i加es factoryfactories babybabies countrycountries boys days,(5)不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數在英語中只是少數,需逐個記憶 man-men woman-women mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese child-children ox-oxen sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish,7. 學習一般現在時 ( 一)一般現在時的意義: (1)表示包括“現在”在內的一段時間內經常發(fā)生的動作或存在狀態(tài)或日常習慣 We eat rice every day. I have a book. They sometimes go to see the films. He always complains about the weather.,(2)表示主語的性格、能力、特征 He speaks very quickly. The students like English very much. She has long hair. (3)表示客觀真理或普遍真理： The earth goes round the sun. The sun rises in the east. Facts speak louder.,(4）在故事敘述中，有時用一般現在時來敘述情節(jié)，可增加生動性和真實感。 一般現在時常與every day, often , usually,always, sometimes等時間狀語連用.,(二)一般現在時的構成: (1)Be 動詞： 肯定式:,否定式:在be動詞后加not,(2)行為動詞: 肯定式:,否定式:由do not(dont), does not(doesnt)+動詞原形構成,口語中常用縮略形式.,(三)當主語是第三人稱單數的時候,動詞需要作下列幾種變化: (1)一般動詞在詞尾加-s. likes works tells plays wants (2)以字母s,x,ch,sh或o結尾的動詞加-es. passes washes goes fixes teaches (3)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加-es. flyflies crycries carrycarries hurryhurries study-studies,8.動詞like的用法: 表示喜歡做某事,用動詞like+V-ing的形式. I like playing football. They like watching TV. 動詞-ing形式的變化: (1)大多數動詞是在其后面直接加-ing,如果動詞以輔音加不發(fā)音的e結尾,去e再加-ing. arriving leaving,(2)如果動詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-ing. putting sitting stopping (3)動詞以l結尾,雙寫l再加-ing. travelling,Unit 2 Meeting and Greeting 一.表達問候的方式: 1.Hi! (熟人之間很隨便的問候) Hello!(中性的問候語,認識或不認識的人都可以用) 2.Good morning!-Good morning!(中午12點前) Good afternoon!- Good afternoon!(午后6點前) Good evening!- Good evening!(約下午6點后) Good night!- Good night!(晚上告別時) 3.How do you do!- How do you do!(第一次見面,正式場合),4. A: How are you!(不常見的熟人之間的問候語) B: Im fine! Thank you! And you? A: Very well, thanks! 5.Nice to meet you!- Nice to meet you!(第一次見面,不那么正式,可用于熟人朋友之間) 6.A.How is everything going on with you? B. That is good! / Just so-so,稱呼的使用 Ms |miz| (女士) 常用于社交,公務場合,與婚姻狀況無關. Miss |mis| (小姐) 用于未婚女性. Mrs |misiz| (太太) 用于已婚女性. Mr (先生) 用于男性,與婚姻狀況無關. 公共場所 男性稱Sir 女性稱 Madam,二.頻度副詞 常見的頻度副詞有:never, sometimes, often, usually always. 頻度副詞在句中的位置: 1.在be動詞之后 She is often late for school. Im usually at home on Sunday. He is often unhappy.,2. 在實意動詞之前 He usually goes to bed at about 12. I sometimes think that it is a great mistake. I never drink wine. 3.在含有助動詞的句子中,置于助動詞之后,實意動詞之前. They dont often eat meat. He doesnt usually go to work on foot. 行前Be后，助動之間,sometimes是個特殊的頻度副詞,既可以放在be動詞, 助動詞之后,行為動詞之前,也可以放在句首,還可以 放在句尾。 Sometimes I help my mother in the house. I sometimes help my mother in the house.,三.動詞have 主要有三種含義: 1.具有什么特點 I have long hair. She has big eyes. 2.擁有什么東西 I have a car. He has two brothers. 當表示以上兩點含義時,have與have got可以互換.,3.吃,喝 She has a hamberger for lunch. I have breakfast at 7:00. have 數的變化: I/we/they/you have she/he/it has,四.介詞 1. at a. 在時刻 I have tea at breakfast time. (at lunchtime/dinnertime) at noon at night at weekend b.表示在某點的時間 She arrived at 8 oclock. I get up at 7 oclock every morning.,2.for a.為 She works for a company. b. 作為 She eats fish for dinner. c. 表階段時間 I have learned English for 10 years.,3.in a.早、午、晚要用in in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 但在具體的某天早、午、晚要用on on Monday morning.,b.年、月、季節(jié) in 1986 in April in spring 4.on a.表星期、日期 on Monday on the 5th of May b.具體的某天早、午、晚 on Sunday morning,星期 星期日 Sunday 星期一 Monday 星期二 Tuesday 星期三 Wednesday 星期四 Thursday 星期五 Friday 星期六 Saturday,月份 January 一月 July 七月 February 二月 August 八月 March 三月 September 九月 April 四月 October 十月 May 五月 November 十一月 June 六月 December 十二月,5.fromto a.表示從某點到另一點的持續(xù)時間. He works from 8 in the morning to 6 in the evening. b.表示從某點到另一點的距離. I ride bike from my home to school everyday.,五.12小時表達法 1.表示整點過1-30分用past(過). 11:10 It is ten past eleven. 10:30 It is half past ten. 2.表示離整點還差1-29分用to(在之前). 9:40 It is twenty to ten. 3:50 It is ten to four. 3.表示“一刻鐘”可以用a quarter. 5:15 It is a quarter past five. 5:45 It is a quarter to six.,4.表示“半小時”常用past. 7:30 It is half past seven. (seven thirty) 5.表示“午前”用am，“午后”用pm，“在中午”用at noon. It is 10 am. It is 5 pm. I usually take a nap at noon. What is the time?,六.提出請求,表達提議. 1.提出請求:could you do sth.? Could you tell me your phone number? Could you help me with the housework? Could you pass the salt to me? 應答： 肯定：Yes, of course. Certainly 否定：No, sorry.+解釋原因,2.表達提議:would you like sth.? would you like to do sth.? Would you like an apple? Yes, please. Would you like to have a cup of tea? No, thank you.,七：行為動詞的疑問句構成 一般疑問句： 句首加Do/Does, 動詞用原型 Do you work in a factory? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does he live in Beijing? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. 特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 Where do you have lunch? When does he start work?,Unit 3 What Do You Do? 一.學習一些食物的名稱. P27 二.學習如何介紹自己和他人 1.介紹自己可以用I am My name is來表達。 Hello, my name is Tom. I am a student. 2.介紹他人常用的表達法是“This is(后接名字)，my(后接與講話人的關系)。 Tom, this is Polly, my sister. Polly, this is Xiaoyan, my classmate.,三.表達提議和應答。 1.Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please. Would you like to come to the party tomorrow? No, thanks. I will have a meeting. 2.What would you like? Id like a glass of wine. 3.主動提出自己做某事 Ill do sth. I will clean the room.,四.序數詞的表達法 1.多數序數詞由基數詞加th構成 sixth eleventh eighteenth fifty-ninth 2.以下詞例外 one-first two-second three-third five-fifth (ve改f,加th） eight-eighth (t結尾，直接加h) nine-ninth (去e,加th） twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth(第二十，三十等將基數詞的y改ie加th),序數詞的簡寫形式 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th fifth 5th 22nd 31st,五.樓層的表達法：on the +樓層數（序數詞）floor 英國人： ground floor 一樓 first floor 二樓 second floor 三樓 美國人： first floor 一樓 second floor 二樓 ,日期 today is the 5th of July 20th of October,六.不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the的區(qū)別 不定冠詞:與可數名詞的單數搭配，相當與漢語中的“一”用于“非特指”,“泛指”.即指某類人或物中的任何一個或某一個. 定冠詞:與任何名詞搭配，主要功能為“特指”,表示獨一無二的事物或者已經被提到的人或物。 I am an accountant.(我是一名會計) I am the Chief Accountant for that company.（我是那家公司的主任會計師，唯一的一名）,七.指示代詞this, these, that, those 1. 指示代詞分單數（this / that）和復數（these / those）兩種形式，通常this / these指離說話人較近的物品, that / those指離說話人較遠的物品.他們既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如： 單數 復數 限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers. 代詞： This is Mary. Those are my teachers.,2 指示代詞的句法功能； (1)指示代詞可以用于表達對比的意義(說話時伴隨用手指點的動作) This is my bike and thats yours These people are my friends. Those are my husbands friends. (2)指示代詞可以用于強調 That is really beautiful. Those are no good at all.,八.There be句型 1.用法: 表示”在某處有存在” there是引導詞,本身沒有詞義,be為謂語動詞,be后的名詞為主語.句中常帶有表示地點或時間的狀語. 如果名詞為復數,動詞用are,名詞為單數,動詞用is. There is a picture on the wall. There are 24 hours in a day.,2.構成 肯定句:There+be+名詞+(表時間或地點的狀語) There is a dog under the tree. There are two pens on the desks. 否定句:There+be+not+名詞+(表時間或地點的狀語) There is not a book on the table. There are not any pens on the desk. (注:is not 可縮寫為isnt, are not可縮寫為arent),一般疑問句:Be+there+名詞+ (表時間或地點的狀語) Is there any water in the cup? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. Are there any plants in the room?-Yes, there are No, there arent (注釋:動詞be必須與后面的主語在數上取得一致.如果句中有若干個名詞作主語,動詞be常與后面的第一個名詞在數上一致: There is a book, two pens ,and three pencils on the desk.,Unit 4 Families and Occupations 一.談論工作 1.在表示工作的名詞前要用a或an. He is a worker. 2.在談及工作領域的時候,要用介詞in. They work in computers She lectures in English. 3.涉及工作地點的時候,要用冠詞.aan指眾多中的一個;the特指一個. She works in the school near my home. He works in a big company.,4.詢問別人的工作 Whats yourhisher job? What do youthey do? What does heshe do? 二.復習have和have got 的用法. P45 三.some和any的用法 some通常用在肯定句當中,any通常用在疑問句和否定句當中. I have some apples. Do you have any apples? I havent got any sisters.,四.學習表示家庭關系的詞匯.p45 五.學習現在進行時態(tài) 1.結構: 肯定句：主+be+動詞-ing形式 He is watching TV at home. 否定句：主+be+not+動詞-ing形式 He isnt watching TV at home 一般疑問句：Be+主+動詞-ing形式 Is he watching TV at home?Yes, he is. No, he isnt.,特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be+主語+動詞-ing形式 What is he doing? He is watching TV. 2.現在進行時的意義： (1)表示此時此刻現在進行的動作。與之連用的時間狀語有“now” “at the/this moment”等（現在、正在）： The students are having an English class. The teacher is teaching them English.,(2)表示現階段正在進行的活動，但說話的此刻可能不一定正在進行。與之連用的時間狀語有“recently” “these days”（最近/這些天）： Im studying English these days, but I am reading newspaper now. He is translating a novel, but right now he is sleeping.,Unit 5 Flat Hunting 一、學習有關住房的詞匯p53 二、學習有關租房的詞匯縮寫形式p54 三、詢問一個詞是什么意思用動詞mean,回答時主語可以用代詞it: -What does “sml” mean? -It means small. 還可以用一般疑問句 Does “avail” mean available? Yes, it does. Does “pm” mean morning? No, it means afternoon.,四、表達提議和應答。 1.Would you like a coffee? Yes, please. Would you like to come to the party tomorrow? No, thanks. I will have a meeting. 2.What would you like? Id like a glass of wine. 3.主動提出自己做某事 Ill do sth. I will clean the room. 4. What about +V-ing? What about watching TV? Yes, its a good idea.,5. How about +V-ing? How about doing some shopping? Well, I dont know. 6. Why dont you + V-原形 Why dont you go with us? Why dont you take a holiday?,五、詢問價格 詢問價格時要用How much 開頭，動詞用be或者cost. How much is the coat? It is 50 yuan. How much are the apples? They are 90p. How much does the coat cost? It costs How much do they cost? They cost 50. at cost of cut the cost I spend 10 yuan on the book. The book costs me 10 yuan.,Unit 7 Making Appointments 一、復習如何表達提議和提供建議（參Unit 5） 二、詢問花多長時間，用動詞take 句型1：It takes +時間+to do sth 表示“花費時間” It takes me one hour to get to school by bus. 句型2:：sth takes +時間 表示“某事花費多長時間” The flight will take three hours. 疑問句: How long does the journey take? 否定句: The flight doesnt take three hours.,三、如何表達批評 表達批評性評論常用的句型是“too+形容詞”或者“not+形容詞+enough”.意為“太”，“不夠” The coat is too small to wear. The coat is not big enough to wear. Youre too young to get married. The kitchen is too dark. The kitchen is not light enough.,四、打電話用語 接電話 在家里，拿起電話常用hello開頭，相當于漢語中的“喂”。在辦公室，接電話的人通常要自報家門，如單位的名稱。 Hello!This is Dr.Smiths office. Tom speaking. 打電話 1.Hello,Can I speak to xxx, please? 2.Hello, I would like to speak to xxx. 3.Good morning, is Sally in?,在比較正式的場合，打電話的人會先介紹自己。 Good afternoon, This is Lin Xiaoyan speaking. 詢問打電話的是誰 Whos calling, please? Whos that? 接聽找人電話時，可以說 1. One moment, please. 2.Hold on, please. Ill get him/her for you. 3.Just a minute, please.,如人不在,由別人轉接或打錯了可以說: 1.Sorry,Wrong number. 2.Sorry,he/shes out. (not in). 3.Sorry,Im afraid he/she is out. 4.Sorry,he/shes busy at the moment. 請接電話轉達口信，可以說： CouldCan I leave a message, please? Could you give him/ her a message, please? Can you take a message for me?,主動提議為別人記錄口信，可以這么說： Can I take a message? 五、安排約會 1、建議日期 Are you free on Monday? What about Friday? 2、建議具體時間 How about 5 oclock? Is 5 oclock ok?,3、表示同意約定的時間、地點 Yes, Friday is fine ok. Yes, thats ok. 4、表示不同意約定的時間、地點 No, Im afraid Im not free. No, Im sorry, Im busy. 5、確認時間 Ok, see you at 5 oclock on Friday.,Unit 8 Moving In 一、情態(tài)動詞can的用法 1、表示能力： I can lift this stone. Can you use chopsticks? I can speak a little English. 2、表示請求(一般疑問句） Can I sit here? Can I use the cooker in the kitchen? .,3、表示允許（肯定句）和不允許（否定句） You can use the phone in the living room. You cant /cannot smoke in the classroom. 二、一般現在時和現在進行時的區(qū)別 1、一般現在時表示經常發(fā)生的事情，而現在進行時表示現階段或者說話的時候正在發(fā)生的事情。 比較1： I cook for my family everyday. I am cooking now.,比較2： I often start work at 8 oclock. Im working now. 2、英語中有些詞通常只用于一般時態(tài)，而不用進行時。這些詞表示相對靜止的物質、心理及情感狀態(tài)，被稱為狀態(tài)動詞. 如：like, love, hate, think（認為）, havehave got I like English songs. I hate my job. I think its cheap.,注意： 1、have 作實意動詞，不表示擁有的時候，可以用進行時 We are having dinner. 2、think 做“想，思考”時也可以用進行時態(tài)。 Im thinking about him now. Im thinking of the question.,三、如何描述天氣 1、描述當前的天氣可以用一般現在時和現在進行時。 詢問天氣狀況：Whats the weather like in+某地 回答：Its +形容詞，或者Its + -ing -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -Its rainy. Its raining. -Its sunny. Its shining,描述天氣的詞 hot 熱 cold 冷 warm 溫暖 cool 涼爽 rainyraining 有雨的 sunny shining 晴朗的 snowing snowy 下雪的 foggy 有霧的 cloudy 多云 windy 有風的,2、當談論一個地方的氣候時通常只用一般現在時而不用現在進行時。 It often rains in summer in England. Its often sunny in autumn.,四、描述城市 詢問城市狀況，用句型Whats +城鎮(zhèn)名稱+like？ 描述城市的狀況，用be+形容詞 Whats London like? Its busy, noisy and exciting. 描述城市情況的形容詞p93 五、on in under above next to in front of behind,五、祈使句：表示請求和指令 1、肯定句用動詞原形 Put it on the table. Come in, please. 2、否定句用dont+動詞原形 Dont smoke here, please.,Unit 9 Things and People 一、學習表示各種店鋪的詞匯.p99 店鋪名稱的表達：英語中有些店鋪的名稱由經營商加s構成，相當于s shop，表示經營者的處所。這類的店鋪名稱還可以直接寫經營商的職業(yè)。 如：the butchers, the butcher the chemists, the chemist 二、學習表示方位的介詞及描述店鋪的位置。P100 next to near between and opposite on the corner outside,三、問路與指路 1、Where is (the nearest) +場所？ Where is the supermarket? Its over there, opposite the bank. 2、Is there aan +場所? -Is there a bank near here? -Yes, the bank is on the corner. -I am sorry, I dont know.,3、How do I get to +場所？ How do I get to the post office? You can take number 10 bus. 另外：get on上車 get off下車 where do I get on? You can get on at the chemists. where do I get off? You can get off at the bus station.,四、學習短語動詞.p106 五、談論人的外貌和性格特征 學習描述人外貌的詞p109 學習描述人性格的詞p110 1、What does heshe look like?指一個人的外貌特征 What does he look like? He is tall and hes got short ,brown wary hair. fat 胖 (貶義) overweight quite big thin 瘦弱 slim,2、Whats he like? 既可以指性格特征，也可以指外貌特征。P110 Whats he like? He is very nice and kind. whats the weather like?,Unit 10 An Invitation 一、表達提議 1.Would you like a coffee? Yes, please. Would you like to come to the party tomorrow? No, thanks. I will have a meeting. 2.What would you like? Id like a glass of wine. 3.主動提出自己做某事 Ill do sth. I will clean the room. 4. What about +V-ing? What about watching TV? Yes, its a good idea.,5. How about +V-ing? How about doing some shopping? Well, I dont know. 6. Why dont you (we) + V-原形 Why dont you go with us? Why dont you take a holiday? 7. Shall I + V-原形 Shall I help you? No, thanks. 8. Lets + V-原形 Lets listen to music and have a good rest.,二、可數名詞和不可數名詞 1、可數名詞: apple是可數名詞, 復數形式是apples, 如：an apple, some apples, lots of apples. 2、不可數名詞：water 是不可數名詞,可以說some water, lots of water. 3、無論是可數名詞還是不可數名詞，如果用一個表示量的詞來修飾時，要用of. a can of peas a tin of a kilo of rice a cup of tea,4、當不可數名詞用容器來計量，容器的個數超過一個時，這時候的復數形式要在容器上體現。 two cups of tea two cans of milk,三、動詞need 需要 1、need名詞：結構為“主語need名詞” She needs a cup of coffee. We need some apples. They need a car. 2.need+動詞不定式：結構為“主語+need+to+動詞” I need to see a doctor. She needs to get her shoes back. We need to buy some water. 3. dont need doesnt need,四、How many?和How much?的用法 1. How many?用于可數名詞 How many sisters you have? How many oranges would you like? How many birds are there in the tree? 2. How much?用于不可數名詞 How much rice do we need? How much milk in the bottle? 另外：詢問價格時，用How much? How much is it, please?,五、some和any的用法: 1 、some 表示不確定的量,意思是“一些”，用于肯定句當中，可以修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。 I would like some oranges. She wants to buy some water. 2 、any多用于疑問句和否定句中，可以修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。 Have you got any family? I dont want any tea. 注：表示提議、請求的疑問句中用some. Would you like some apples?,六、表達提出請求 1、Could +主語動詞 Could you open the door? Could you buy some oil for me? 2、Can +主語動詞 Can you open the door? Can you get some water? 3、I would like +賓語+不定式 I would like you to buy a can of peas. I would like you to clean the floor.,Unit 11How are you settling in? 一、why和because的用法 詢問原因的問句why以開頭，答句以because開頭 Why do you want to go back to China? Because the weather here is often depressing. Why are you going to the shops? Because I want to buy a T-shirt.,二、詢問他人的意見、提出自己意見 詢問他人的意見可以用以下兩種結構，意思是“你認為怎么樣？