高中二年級英語課件.ppt

非謂語動詞,1性質(zhì)：它具有動詞的特點，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外一切成分。,2形式,不定式相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語。 動名詞相當于名詞充當主語、表語、定語、賓語。 分詞相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語形成分,3語態(tài)：必須搞清邏輯主語與非謂語動詞的關(guān)系，從而來確定非謂語動詞態(tài)的語態(tài)。 邏輯主語能發(fā)出該動作 （發(fā)） 邏輯主語不能發(fā)出該動作 （收） 不發(fā)不收用結(jié)構(gòu)： 動詞不定式：用結(jié)構(gòu)。 動名詞：用結(jié)構(gòu)。 分詞：用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),1不定式作主語： Warm up exercises: 1) change the following into the infinitive 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _( seat ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised. 2) change the sentences above into the ones using “it” as informal.,3)A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個由for 引起的短語。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B: 下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of 引起的短語，來說明不定式指 的是誰的情況，這些形容詞是： kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong for the south to break away from the Union.,2不定式作表語 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作表語時可以和主語部分調(diào)換。,3不定式作賓語： 有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有： want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc.,They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished_(be )a professor. I agreed_ (go ) there with the doctor. My daughter preferred _( dance ) when she was in her twenties. He had promised _(give) me a hand.,4.不定式作賓語補足語 A)1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ). 4. My parents expect me _( go )to a ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. He determined me_( tell ) everything.,B) Whom flns sb do sth. (watch, have(使)hear, observe, make, feel, listen (to), let, notice, see etc. + sb +動詞原形 + sth + done,We cant let this _(go) on. I will not let my children _(treat) in that way. John made him _( tell ) everything. The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go). We felt the house _( shake) in the earthquake. Do you like listening to other people _( talk )?Have you ever heard him _( tell ) a lie? Who would you like to have_( go ) ? Who would you like to have_(go) with? What song did you hear _( sing )? We saw the house _( burn ) to the ground when we reached there.,5.不定式作定語 Change the following into infinitives. He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning. The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace. Everything that is done needs praising. Do you have anything that you want to say? Here are some books that you can read.,6.不定式作狀語。 狀語的形式很多，有目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件、讓步、比較、方式、伴隨等，但目的、結(jié)果 要用不定式。,A)Substitution: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town. He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus. We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely. We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely. He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything. He was_ frightened _say anything. He was _ brave _ _say anything. He was so young that he could go to school. He was _ late _ go to school. He was not _ _ _ go to school.,B) 1. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.,動名詞 1動名詞作主語 A) 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _( seat ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.,it作形式主語時，可用動詞不定式，但下列巨型常用動名詞： It is+ no good (no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing There is no + doing. 如： Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. There is no _( say )what will happen next. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth right now.,不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat.,B) 關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.,2動名詞作表語 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲）.,3動名詞作賓語 mecafps+doing (mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承認)advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, stop)delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介詞后接動名詞doing,He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away. Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground. I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car. Leave off _(bite) your nails! He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.,The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. I couldnt imagine that _( be ) possible. We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. We cant stand _( pooh-pooh) every new idea. Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today.,The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. They all suggested _( give ) more chances. Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood). Women do mind _( smoke ) by men.,動名詞與不定式的不同含義： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 擔心、恐怕出現(xiàn) She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid _( of wake ) her husband, for he was ill.,2) forget to do sth.忘記去做某事（未 做） forget doing sth.忘記做過了某事（已 做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.,3)remember to do sth.記著去做某事（未 做） remember doing sth.記著做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 5) regret to do sth. regret doing sth. I regret _( go ) to his home town. I regret _( tell ) you the truth.,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it again. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week,Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth.,9) like/love/start/begin/hate/continue to do sth. doing sth. 10)Sth.wnat/require/need to be done doing. The temple needs_( rebuild). The children require_ (educate).,動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是： 1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞或代詞所有格；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,2.邏輯主語是無生命名詞時，只用普通格。 Is there any hope of our winning the match? 3.邏輯主語是指示代詞或不定代詞this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone時， 只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.,11)canit help doing sth. cant help do sth. cant help but do sth.不能不，忍不 住 1.I couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture. 2.Im sorry I cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays. 3.I cant help but_(cry).,9) permit, allow, advise, consider, admit doing sth. sb./wh to do sth. 1.Do you consider _( buy ) this kind of book? 2.Is he considered _( take ) this position? 3.Is he considered _( send ) to work in Tibet?,分詞 分詞：分詞相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語。分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。 一般式 完成式 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing having done having been done 過去分詞 done,1）分詞與動名詞作表語時的區(qū)別： 1.Our plan is _( finish ) the task before May. 2. Toms job was _( guard ) the factory. 3. His lecture is _( interest ), which made us _( interest ). 4. The situation is _( encourage).,2)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別： 分詞與邏輯主語（即句子主語）關(guān)系來決定分詞的語態(tài)，主語能發(fā)出分詞的動作用主動doing/having done，不能發(fā)出分詞的動作用被動done/having been dong。 分詞的動作如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后doing(用一般式)，如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，(用完成式)having done。,A) 1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan. 2._( turn ) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up. 3_( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. 4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot. 5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study maths harder. 6._( persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone.,7.Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep. 8._( arrive ) at the station, we found the train gone. 9._( send ) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises. 10._( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up. 11.Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing. 12.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars.,13.When _( walk ) in the park, Mathilde met with her old friend. 14.While_( criticize ),she cried. 15.She came earlier than _( expect). 16.Everything goes well as _( plan ). 17.She still made the same mistakes though _( tell) several times. 18._( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.,19.The doctor did everything he could _( save ) the patient. 20._(improve )his English, Wang Ling works much harder.,作目的、結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別： 21. Li Ming works hard _( pass ) the exams. 22. Li Ming works hard _( try ) to pass the exams. 23. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into. 24.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.,25. Football is played over a century, _( make ) it popular. 26. Bees suck honey into their stomachs, _( get ) thicker and thicker. 判斷下列對或錯： 1. Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 2. Having had dinner, the dishes were washed. 3. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.,一些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,將上列1-18句分詞部分改成從句： B)伴隨狀語 1. The boy lay in bed, _( listen ) to music. 2. Its a bad habit to talk to others, _( look ) aside. 3. The professor entered the room, _( follow ) by his assistants. 4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _( add )that he had enjoyed his stay here. 5. The boy stood in front of the teacher, _( criticize).,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) （ 所謂獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞的邏輯主語不是句子主語，而是有自己的邏輯主語時，叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。） A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.,3. The signal _( give ), the bus started. 4. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall. 5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well. B) 6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win. 7. With the worker _( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.,8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _( stop ) them. 9. He was looking at the screen again, with the machine _( turn ) on. 10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her. 11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse _( support ) him.,12. With the machinery _( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month. 13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _( close ). 14. You might catch a cold with your feet _( expose).,3）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別： whom flns+sb do (經(jīng)常性動作) +sb doing sth.（正在進行） +sth done（被動） 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground.,2.I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon. 3.Have you _( heard ) this song _( sing ) before? 4.She was surprised to find the house _