2016_2017學年高中英語Unit3FavouriteTeachersPeriodThreeGrammar練習.docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing語法精析一、概念直接引述別人的原話，放在引號內(nèi)，被引用的部分稱作直接引語(TheDirectSpeech)；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用引號，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分稱作間接引語(TheIndirectSpeech)。間接引語在句子結(jié)構上是復合句的賓語從句。二、規(guī)則英語中，將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時要注意：語序、主語、時態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等發(fā)生變化。1陳述句直接引語是陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，首先使用that引導，口語中that可以省略；主句謂語如果是saidto.須改為told；其他作下列變化：(1)人稱變化：遵循“一從主，二從賓，第三人稱不更新”的原則?！耙粡闹鳌?，即在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，如果從句中主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按主句主語的人稱進行變化?！癐havealreadydonemyhomework，”shetoldme.Shetoldmethatshehadalreadydoneherhomework.“二從賓”，即在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，若從句中的主語或賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱應與主句中賓語的人稱一致。Marysaidtome，“Yourmotherisgoingtothepartythedayaftertomorrow.”Marytoldmethatmymotherwasgoingtothepartyintwodaystime.“第三人稱不更新”，即在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句中的第三人稱不需要變化。Mr.Smithsaid，“Robertisagoodworker.”Mr.SmithsaidthatRobertwasagoodworker.即時跟蹤1單句改錯(1)ShesaidthatIwouldgotherethatevening.Ishe(2)Hesaidthatmyfamilyhadbeenthereformanyyears.myhis(3)Heaskedmehowyourmotherwasthen.yourmy(2)時態(tài)變化：如果主句謂語動詞(即直接引語前面或后面的動詞)是過去時態(tài)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)必須和主句的過去形式一致。即：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時(不變)一般將來時過去將來時注意如果主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，變成間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Hesays，“Ihaveacceptedhersuggestion.”Hesaysthathehasacceptedhersuggestion.Lucysays，“Idontlikemath.”Lucysaysthatshedoesntlikemath.如果直接引語是客觀事實和真理，變成間接引語時，即使主句是過去時，時態(tài)也不變。Ourteachersaid，“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”O(jiān)urteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.如果直接引語是一般過去時且有具體的過去時間，時態(tài)不變。Hesaid，“Iwasbornin1998.”Hesaidthathewasbornin1998.即時跟蹤2將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)Jimsaid，“Imexpectingalongdistancecall.”Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.(2)Shesaid，“Ihavenotheardfrommyparentsforalongtime.”Shesaidthatshehadnotheardfromherparentsforalongtime.(3)Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.(4)Marysaid，“Wellhaveapartynextweek.”Marysaidthattheywouldhaveapartythenextweek.(3)時間狀語的變化：nowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetonightthatnightagobeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextweekthenext/followingweeklastnightthenightbeforelastweektheweekbefore(4)地點狀語的變化：herethere(如果說話的地點仍在原地，則仍用here。)(5)指示代詞的變化：thisthatthesethose(6)表示方向的動詞變化：comegobringtake (如果說話人地點仍在原地，則不變。)即時跟蹤3將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)Shesaid，“Iwillcomethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatevening.(2)Hesaid，“Itiseightoclocknow.”Hesaidthatitwaseightoclockthen.(3)Tomsaid，“IhaventseenJohntoday.”TomsaidthathehadntseenJohnthatday.(4)Shesaid，“Iwillbringmydictionaryheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldtakeherdictionarytherethenext/followingday.(5)Hesaid，“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.2一般疑問句直接引語是一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，除了人稱、時態(tài)、時間、地點等作相應變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked (sb.)。(2)間接引語用if或whether引導。(3)原直接引語中疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。Shesaid，“Isyourfatherathome？”Sheasked (me) whethermyfatherwasathome.3特殊疑問句直接引語是特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，除了人稱、時態(tài)、時間、地點等作相應變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked (sb.)。(2)直接引語中的疑問詞不變。(3)原直接引語中疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。“WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning？”myfriendaskedme.MyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.4選擇疑問句直接引語是選擇疑問句，除了有陳述句改為間接引語的那些變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked，wondered等。(2)間接引語由whether.or或if.or引導。(3)原直接引語中的疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。Hesaid，“Isthedooropenorclosed？”Heaskedmewhether/ifthedoorwasopenorclosed.5反意疑問句直接引語是反意疑問句，變間接引語時直接引語也變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導的賓語從句，用陳述語序?！癥ouhaveworkedhereforalongtime，haventyou？”heasked.Heasked (me) if/whetherIhadworkedthereforalongtime.即時跟蹤4將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語(1)Tomsaid，“Canyoucomethisafternoon，John？”Tomaskedif/whetherJohncouldgothatafternoon.TomaskedJohnif/whetherhecouldgothatafternoon.(2)TheboyaskedmeifIwasateacher.Theboyasked，“Areyouateacher？”(3)Shesaidtome，“Hesheretoaskforhelp，isnthe？”Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewastheretoaskforhelp.(4)Mr.LiaskedSarawhatshewanted.Mr.Liasked，“Whatdoyouwant，Sara？”(5)“Doyouwanttogohomeorstayhere？”sheasked.Sheasked (me) if/whetherIwantedtogohomeorstaythere.高考鏈接.填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式1Youhavetoknowwhereyouregoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015湖南，26)2WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015重慶，8)3Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidntknowhewascoming (come) untilyesterday.(2014重慶，8)4Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013北京，33)5“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，Iwillbe (be) president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2013湖南，22)6Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011北京，31).完成下列反意疑問句1IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay，didntyou？(2014重慶，10)2Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent，isthere？(2012江蘇，25)3Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid，didntI？(2011重慶，28).單句改錯(每小題僅有一處錯誤)1WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015全國，短文改錯)thinkthought2Hello，boysandgirls！Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014四川，短文改錯)gogoes常用句式1IwassopleasedtoreceiveyourletterandIamwritingtotellyou.2InyourletteryouaskedmeforsomeadviceonhowtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.3Hereismyadvice./My advice for you is this./Myadviceisthat./Myadviceisasfollows.4Youhadbetter./Youmightaswell.5Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.典例展示假定你是李華，你的筆友Jane最近總是感覺身體不適，因此寫信向你詢問如何保持健康。請你根據(jù)以下要點提示給她回信。1合理飲食；2鍛煉身體；3保證充足睡眠，不要熬夜。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；3可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJane，Imsorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua聯(lián)想詞匯1保持健康stay/keephealthy2均衡飲食abalanceddiet3新鮮水果蔬菜freshfruitandvegetables4有規(guī)律的鍛煉regularexercise5熬夜stayup佳作背誦DearJane，Imsorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.Inyourletteryouaskedmehowtostayhealthy.Hereismyadvice.Firstly，youshouldkeepabalanceddiet.Youshouldavoideatingfoodhighinfatandtoomuchsweetfood.Youdbettereatmorefreshfruitandvegetables.Secondly，takingexerciseeverydayhelpsbuildingastrongbody.Whynottakemoreexerciseinyoursparetime？Asweallknow，exerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingushealthy.Finally，makesureyouhaveenoughsleepandyoumustntstayuptoolateatnight.Byeatingproperlyandexercisingregularly，youcankeepyourbodyataproperweightandstayhealthy.Itrulyhopemyadviceishelpfulandyoullgetwellsoon.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua.將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1“Doyouknowwhatisgoingonnow？”heaskedhismother.Heaskedhismotherwhether/ifsheknewwhatwasgoingonthen.2Hesaid，“Nothingistoodifficultifweputourheartintoit.”Hesaidthatnothingwastoodifficultifwe/theyputour/theirheartintoit.3“Iwenttouniversityinthe1960s，”hetoldhisstudents.Hetoldhisstudentsthathewenttouniversityinthe1960s.4Mr.Smithasked，“HowlongdidittakeyoutoflytoNewYork，John？”Mr.SmithaskedJohnhowlongithadtakenhimtoflytoNewYork.5“Youhavefinishedyourhomework，haventyou？”myfatherasked.Myfatheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.完成句子6Mothertoldhersonthathemuststayathomeuntilshecameback.媽媽告訴兒子一定要呆在家里直到她回來。7Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.地理老師告訴我們月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。8Shetoldmethatshewouldfinishtheworkthenextweek.她告訴我她將在下一個星期完成工作。9TomaskedmewhetherIlikedtheredballorthebrownone.湯姆問我是喜歡這個紅色的球還是那個褐色的。10HeaskedmewhenIjoinedthearmy.他問我是什么時候參軍的。.閱讀理解ATherewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacherMrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidntplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen，likeallherotherstudents，TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismothersperfume(香水)Teddysaid，“Mrs.Thompson，todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Suddenly，sherealizedthatwhatTeddyreallyneededwasmotherlylove.Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday，shestoppedteachingreading，writingandmath.Instead，shebegantoteachchildren.Mrs.ThomsponpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboysmindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim，thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade，Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool，thirdinhisclass，andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned，TheodoreFStoddard，M.D.(醫(yī)學博士)Thestorydoesntendthere.Onhisweddingday，Dr.Stoddardwhispered(耳語) inMrs.Thompsonsear，“Thankyou，Mrs.Thompson，forencouragingme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thomspon，withtearsinhereyes，whisperedback，“Teddy，youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.IdidntknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”11WhatdidMrs.Thompsondoonthefirstdayofschool?AShemadeTeddyfeelashamed.BSheaskedthechildrentoplaywithTeddy.CShechangedTeddysseattothefrontrow.DShetoldtheclasssomethinguntrueaboutherself.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.”可知，湯姆森夫人對學生說的話是不真實的。故選D。12WhatdidMrs.ThompsonfindoutaboutTeddy?AHeoftentoldlies.BHewasgoodatmath.CHeneededmotherlycare.DHeenjoyedplayingwithothers.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Suddenly，sherealizedthatwhatTeddyreallyneededwasmotherlylove.”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)Teddy需要的是母愛。故選C。13InwhatwaydidMrs.Thompsonchange?AShetaughtfewerschoolsubjects.BShebecamestrictwithherstudents.CShenolongerlikedherjobasateacher.DShecaredmoreabouteducatingstudents.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Onthatveryday，shestoppedteachingreading，writingandmath.Instead，shebegantoteachchildren.”可知，她開始更關心學生的教育。故選D。14WhydidTeddythankMrs.Thompsonathiswedding?AShehadkeptintouchwithhim.BShehadgivenhimencouragement.CShehadsenthimChristmaspresents.DShehadtaughthimhowtojudgepeople.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thankyou，Mrs.Thompson，forencouragingme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”可知，Teddy感謝Thompson夫人是因為她給了他勇氣。故選B。BDoyourememberthenameofyourkindergartenteacher？Ido.HernamewasMrsWhite.Idontremembermuchaboutwhatwelearnedinherclass，butmymotheroncetoldmethatweusedtowritealot.AndIwouldbringbackwhatIwroteandshewouldlookatitandfindthereweresomanymistakes，butnoredcorrections，andalwaysastar.SometimesevenaGood！Thisworriedmymother，soonedaywhenshewenttomeetMrsWhiteforoneofthoseParentTeachermeetings，sheaskedherwhysheneverredpenciledmymistakesintherightspellingsofwordsorpointedoutgrammaticalerrors.“Thechildrenarejustbeginningtogetexcitedaboutusingwords，orformingsentences.Idontwanttodamagethatenthusiasmwithredink.Spellingandgrammarcanwait.Thewonderofwordswont.”MrsWhitesaid.LaterIknewthatifMrsWhitehadusedherredpenoftenIprobablywouldntbetellingyouaboutthisnow.Ilookbacknowandthinkshemusthavebeenaratherextraordinaryteachertoexercisesuchredpenrestraint (限制)Iusedtomisspell“beautiful”alot，andnevercouldquiterememberthatthe“e”wentbeforethe“a”Itannoyedmyteacherinhighschool.IfIwasgoingtoemploythewordwithsuchlavishness(華麗豐富的語言)，shefigured，theleastIcoulddowasspellitright.Eventuallytheesandassettledintotheirrightholdasmuchasyoumeansometimes.AndthankstoMrsWhite，IhadnoworryaboutwritingwhatImeantevenifIcouldntquitespellitout.Becauselifeisnt“Pretty”Its“Beautiful”15Theunderlinedword“This”inthesecondparagraphreferstothefactthat.AIalwaysmademistakesinmyspellingBMrsWhiteoftenmadewrongcorrectionsCMrsWhitesattitudetowardsmymistakeswasspecialDmotherwantedtoknowhowtoimprovemyspellings答案C解析代詞指代題。由上文可知，即使作者在寫作中出現(xiàn)了很多錯誤，懷特老師從不給予糾正，而是給顆星星或批閱“Good”，正是老師有這種態(tài)度引起了母親的擔心。16FromwhatMrsWhitesaidwecaninferthat.AgrammarandspellingshouldbepaidmoreattentiontoBchildrendonthavethepatienceinspellingwordsCchildrensinterestoflearningwordsisveryimportantDredcorrectionsareusedtodrawchildrensattention答案C解析推理判斷題。由文章第三段懷特老師不想通過批改孩子們的作文而使他們喪失了對文字的熱情可知，孩子們學習文字的興趣是十分重要的。17Thewritermayprobablythinkhis/herhighschoolteacher.AtaughtinthesamewayasMrsWhitehaddoneBwasnotsatisfiedwithhis/hermistakesmadeinspellingCshouldtellhim/herhowtoimprovewordsspellingDpaidmuchattentiontoteachstudentstouseproperwords答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句可知，作者的高中老師因為他/她總犯拼寫錯誤而很惱火，甚至告訴作者在想使用華麗的詞匯時至少先把單詞拼寫準確。.語法填空IfeltupsetwhenI18.wastold(tell) thatIwouldhavetoleavethecompany.Inordertofind19.anewjobtosupportthefamily，Ireadalmostallthenewspapers20.andsetdownalmostallthetelephonenumbersinads21.inmynotebookandtriedtocallalmostallthecompaniesthatneedednewclerks.NotuntilI22.found(find) ajobinasmalltownnearTownsvilledidIcalmdown.Mynewboss，Mr.Brown，wasoneofmyschoolmates23.who/that/whomIwasgettingalongwellwithatschool.Bothofuswere24.excited(excite) toseeeachotherandwespentthewholeafternoon25.talking(talk) aboutthingsandpersons26.thatwerememberedatschool.Heaskedmetogivehimsomeadviceonhowtoenlargehispresentbusinessandhewas27.entirely(entire) happyaboutmyadvice.短文改錯WhenIaminJuniorOne，Ididntlikemymathsteacherforherbadtemper.Iwasalsotiredofherteachingmethods，theywerealwaysslowandboring.So，myattitudetowardsherbegantochangeoneafterno