2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠ.docx

Section Language Points （Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary）.單詞拼寫(xiě)1A witness (目擊者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.2Contemporary art has taken a huge leap (飛躍) forward in the last five or six years.3Jackie and Ben came to a joint (共同的) decision as to where they would live.4Hearing that his son died in the fight, he burst (爆發(fā)) into tears.5The television was tuned (收看) in to an afternoon soap opera just now.拓展詞匯1accustomed adj.習(xí)慣的accustom v使習(xí)慣于2historic adj.歷史性的，有重大歷史意義的historical adj.有關(guān)歷史的history n歷史3assume v假定，假設(shè)assumption n假想4patience n耐心patient adj.耐心的5advanced adj.高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的advance v前進(jìn)巧記單詞詞根詞形變化構(gòu)詞點(diǎn)撥accustomaccustomed動(dòng)詞ed構(gòu)成形容詞assumeassumption動(dòng)詞去e加ption構(gòu)成名詞.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)1set foot on踏上2slow down 減速3be/become accustomed to 習(xí)慣于4be aware of 意識(shí)到5make it 做成，成功6in shock 處在震驚中7in spite of 不管，盡管8at the very beginning of . 在一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候1教材原句American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon. 美國(guó)人尼爾阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。句型點(diǎn)撥the序數(shù)詞名詞動(dòng)詞不定式(作定語(yǔ))。佳句賞析他的下個(gè)月要出版的第一本書(shū)基于一件真事。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.2教材原句Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們?cè)陔娨暽嫌^看了首次登月，他們的心提到了嗓子眼兒，因?yàn)樗麄兪智宄嵌嗝雌D難、多么危險(xiǎn)，也知道要冒多么大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。句型點(diǎn)撥獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。佳句賞析天空烏云密布，很快就要下雨。Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.3教材原句An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.一位37歲的普通教師克里斯塔麥奧里菲將要成為第一位進(jìn)入太空的普通公民，她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚并有兩個(gè)孩子。句型點(diǎn)撥be to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)表示“按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事”。佳句賞析他們明天上午十點(diǎn)鐘將一起去拜訪(fǎng)老師。They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning.4教材原句The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震驚了也許他們?cè)径颊J(rèn)為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機(jī)一樣沒(méi)什么危險(xiǎn)。句型點(diǎn)撥no比較級(jí)than“同一樣不”。佳句賞析他與她一樣不聰明。He is no clever than her.1Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. (P58) 自從尼爾阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以來(lái)，人們對(duì)太空旅行這一概念已經(jīng)非常熟悉。accustomed adj.習(xí)慣的She took her accustomed place at the end of the table.她坐在她習(xí)慣坐的桌子的那頭。(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事(狀態(tài))get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事(動(dòng)作)(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself to (doing)sth. 使自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事She was a person accustomed to having (have) eight hours sleep a night.她是那種習(xí)慣每晚睡8小時(shí)的人。It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.我花了一段時(shí)間才逐漸適應(yīng)了所有新的規(guī)章制度。2Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們?cè)陔娨暽嫌^看了首次登月，他們的心提到了嗓子眼兒，因?yàn)樗麄兪智宄嵌嗝雌D難、多么危險(xiǎn)，也知道要冒多么大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。their hearts in their mouths為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上不是一個(gè)完整的句子，但在語(yǔ)意上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子。The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了森林。Weather permitting (permit), we will go for an outing tomorrow.天氣允許的話(huà)，我們明天去郊游。The experiment done (do), the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.實(shí)驗(yàn)做完了，同學(xué)們繼續(xù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告上做筆記。3But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.(P58)但是這次卻將是一次特殊的飛行，因此數(shù)百萬(wàn)人打開(kāi)了電視來(lái)一睹這次起飛。witness v目擊：親眼看見(jiàn)；親身經(jīng)歷n.目擊者，見(jiàn)證人，證人Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.幾位居民聲稱(chēng)目擊了這次襲擊事件。The witness was telling about the whole accident.目擊者正在講述整個(gè)事故的過(guò)程。(1)witness to sth./doing sth.為(做)某事作證(2)be (a) witness to 目睹，能證明bear/give witness to 為作證He witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building.他作證看到那個(gè)男人進(jìn)入這棟建筑。His good health is witness to the success of the treatment.他健康的身體證明這種療法是成功的。名師點(diǎn)津除了可以用人作主語(yǔ)外，witness還可以用時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)作主語(yǔ)，意思為“是發(fā)生的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)證”，有此用法的動(dòng)詞還有see。The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed/saw the steady improvement in the means of travel. 十九世紀(jì)下半世紀(jì)見(jiàn)證了旅行方式的穩(wěn)定改善。4An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.(P58)一位37歲的普通教師克里斯塔麥奧里菲將要成為第一位進(jìn)入太空的普通公民，她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚并有兩個(gè)孩子。was to be是be to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，在此處表示“按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事”。The train is to arrive in Shanghai at 1: 00 pm.火車(chē)將于下午一點(diǎn)到達(dá)上海。be to do sth.的用法還有：(1)表示命令、義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，可譯作“應(yīng)該，必須”。長(zhǎng)輩要求晚輩或上級(jí)要求下級(jí)做某事時(shí)常用這一句型。(2)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事或命中注定的事。You are_to_arrive_at_the_spot before five this afternoon.你們必須在今天下午五點(diǎn)以前到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。The invention of the Internet is_to_change_the_way we communicate with each other.因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)明注定要改變我們相互交流的方式。名師點(diǎn)津(1)be about to do .表示“即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或其他時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用于be about to do . when .，意為“正要做這時(shí)”。(2)be going to do .多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)事先打算、計(jì)劃要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象要發(fā)生某事。5The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.(P58)全世界都震驚了也許他們?cè)径颊J(rèn)為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機(jī)一樣沒(méi)什么危險(xiǎn)。assume v假定，假設(shè)；承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任；呈現(xiàn)I will assume responsibility for it.我愿為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。(1)assume that .假定，認(rèn)為assume . to be . 認(rèn)為如何；假定如何(2)assuming conj. 假如assuming (that) . 假設(shè)(3)assumption n. 假想We must assume_him_to_be innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未證實(shí)他有罪，我們就得假定他是清白的。Assuming (assume) that you are right, what should we do next?假定你是對(duì)的，我們下一步該做什么？A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.許多人認(rèn)為貧困僅僅存在于第三世界。聯(lián)想發(fā)散assuming (that) .相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示“假設(shè)”的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。類(lèi)似的詞還有provided,_providing,_supposing等。6We didnt have much patience waiting for the launch.(P59)我們急不可待地等待著發(fā)射。patience n耐心Teaching children with special needs requires patience and understanding.教育有特殊需要的兒童需要耐心和理解。(1)be out of patience with . 對(duì)忍無(wú)可忍have no patience with 對(duì)不能容忍，對(duì)沒(méi)有耐性have the patience to do . 有耐心做lose patience with 對(duì)失去耐心with patience 耐心地(2)patient adj. 有耐心的 be patient with sb. 對(duì)某人有耐心be patient of sth. 忍耐某事Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_patience. 每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)誤，老師都是耐心地指出來(lái)。People have_lost_patience_with the slow pace of the reform.人們對(duì)改革的緩慢速度已經(jīng)失去了耐心。She is_very_patient_with young children, so she is fit for the job.她對(duì)小孩特別有耐心，因此她適合這份工作。7In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)盡管我們有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，但世界仍然只是處在探索太空的初始階段。in spite of不管，盡管In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.盡管年事已高，他依舊過(guò)著一種忙碌的生活。in spite ofdespite(n./pron./v.ing 形式)盡管，不管despite/in spite of the fact that 盡管Despite their objections, I will do it just the same.盡管他們反對(duì)，我照樣要做。In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_he has failed the exam, he will never give up.盡管他考試沒(méi)有及格，但他不會(huì)氣餒的。名師點(diǎn)津in spite of相當(dāng)于despite(較正式)，表示“不管，盡管”，側(cè)重指客觀情況；regardless of表示“不管，不顧”，側(cè)重于主觀上的“不考慮”聯(lián)想發(fā)散“inn.of”構(gòu)成的詞組常見(jiàn)的還有：in case of如果，假使in terms of 談及，在方面 in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 in favour of 支持，贊同 in honor of 為向表示敬意 in place of 代替 in view of 鑒于，考慮到 in search of 尋找advanced adj.高級(jí)的；先進(jìn)的The government is promoting the advanced education.政府正在推進(jìn)高等教育。advance v 推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)；提前 n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步in advance 提前，預(yù)先in advance of (發(fā)展上)超前Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.科學(xué)在過(guò)去五十年內(nèi)有很大的進(jìn)步。Its unwise to spend your income in_advance.把你的收入預(yù)先花掉是不明智的。His idea was well in_advance_of the age in which he lived.他的思想遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了他所生活的年代。8to burst with a lot of force and loud noise (P59)伴隨著強(qiáng)大的威力和巨響爆炸burst v爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆發(fā)If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst.如果你再吹那氣球，它就要破了。There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房間里突然傳出一陣笑聲。burst in突然進(jìn)入(房間等)burst inton. burst out doing 突然做某事The door opened and Mrs.Page burst_into the room.門(mén)開(kāi)了，佩奇太太沖進(jìn)了房間。Everyone burst out laughing (laugh) while the little boy burst into tears (tear)大家突然大笑起來(lái)，但小男孩卻哭了。.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.2You are to_take (take) the responsibility for the mistake.3These calculation are based on the assumption (assume) that prices will continue to rise.4This requires a lot of practice and patience (patient)5The area is of special historic (history) interest.6The professor usually gives an outline of what he is to touch on at the very beginning of the lecture.7This advanced (advance) method has been introduced in every factory.8The cars slowed down as they passed Customs.9The second country to_send (send) a man into space was America.10The little boy stood outside the supermarket, eyes _fixed (fix) on the toys.11Hearing our headmaster was injured, we were in shock.12Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didnt make it.13Being aware of your own weaknesses is probably the key to success.14One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.15The audience burst into cheers when the film star appeared.完成句子1他同我一樣根本不適合當(dāng)牧師。He is no_more_fit to be a priest than I am.2你若預(yù)先通知我，我就能給您準(zhǔn)備好了。If you warn me in_advance,_I will have your order ready for you.3很多人不習(xí)慣沒(méi)有手機(jī)的生活。Many people are_not_accustomed_to living without mobile phones.4在這一學(xué)期的一開(kāi)始，他就對(duì)足球表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。At_the_very_beginning_of this term, he showed great interest in football.5未經(jīng)警方允許，任何人不得擅自離開(kāi)這座房子。No one is to_leave_this_building without the permission of the police.一句多譯1盡管背景不同，但他們相處得非常好。They got on well with each other in_spite_of/despite their different backgrounds.They got on well with each other although/though they have different backgrounds.2假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們什么時(shí)候能拿到錢(qián)？Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(assume)Suppose/Supposing (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(suppose)Providing/Provided (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(provide).課文縮寫(xiě)語(yǔ)法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st July, 1969, people 1.have_become (become) accustomed to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 2.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to 3.be_taken (take)With Armstrongs famous words：“Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， a dream 4.was_achieved (achieve)Later, people were no longer enthusiastic 5.about a space travel programme because of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, 7.which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped communicate a sense of 8.excitement (excite) and create new interest in the space programme, exploited just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). It was 10.the worst space accident ever.對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(十八).根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式1As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飛躍)2These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (聯(lián)合的) venture.3The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”4Will you act as witness (見(jiàn)證人) to the agreement between us?5Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.6He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.7The ancient Egyptians had advanced (advance) civilizations.8After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient)9Not accustomed (accustom) to associating with business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.10How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?.選詞填空at the very beginning of， set foot on， be accustomed to， ever since， in shock， be aware of， in spite of， make it1I havent heard from him ever_since last year.2Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.3They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.4He remains excellent in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do parttime jobs every now and then.5Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.6Work hard, and youll make_it eventually.7He was still in_shock from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.8Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.完成句子1她一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)悲傷的消息，就失聲痛哭起來(lái)。Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.2兩個(gè)故事我都不喜歡，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)故事并不比那個(gè)故事有趣。I like neither of the two stories. For this story is no_more_interesting_than that one.3我習(xí)慣于在睡覺(jué)前聽(tīng)一些輕音樂(lè)。I am_accustomed_to_listening_to some light music.4他夾著一大本書(shū)，走出了圖書(shū)館。He came out of the library, a_large_book_under_his_arm.5你的作業(yè)下周一必須上交。Your homework is_to_be_handed_in next Monday. .閱讀理解ASaturns icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methaneproducing (產(chǎn)甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice erupting from Enceladus south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in Enceladus ocean，” Linda Spilker, a scientist at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.“This is the closest weve come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASAs Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiters moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.Confirming the existence of Europas gas would allow researchers to study that moons chemical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASAs Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed investigation of Europa.“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in particular.”1The new discovery made the scientists feel more _.AconfidentBdoubtfulCworried Dconfused解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的“This is the closest weve come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓科學(xué)家們對(duì)探測(cè)外星生命的任務(wù)更加有信心。2According to the text, NASAs science missions aim to _.Amake space travel a realityBanalyze Jupiters chemical makeupCfind out whether life exists outside EarthDexplore the resources on Saturns icy moon解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not”可知，NASA科學(xué)任務(wù)的本質(zhì)是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3Which would be a suitable title for the text?AThere is life outside EarthBEnceladus could harbor alien lifeCA new study about Saturn beginsDNASA is planning a landing on Jupiter解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文重點(diǎn)在于告訴我們最近發(fā)現(xiàn)土衛(wèi)二南極有氫氣，這個(gè)跡象可能是外星生命存在的證明。故B項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。BThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”O(jiān)n the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbondioxide you exhale (呼氣) has a tendency to form an invisible (隱形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, as