立式銑床換刀機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)說明書[帶圖紙].doc

編號(hào)無錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：立式銑床換刀機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)——換刀機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)信機(jī)系機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)學(xué)號(hào)：學(xué)生姓名：指導(dǎo)教師：（職稱：高工）（職稱：）2013年5月25日無錫太湖學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）誠(chéng)信承諾書本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）立式銑床換刀機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)——換刀機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果，其內(nèi)容除了在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中特別加以標(biāo)注引用，表示致謝的內(nèi)容外，本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）不包含任何其他個(gè)人、集體已發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。班級(jí)：機(jī)械91學(xué)號(hào)：0923031作者姓名：2013年5月25日II摘要本論文介紹的是XKA5032A/C數(shù)控立式升降臺(tái)銑床自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)一方面可以減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，另一方面可以提高加工效率。刀庫(kù)式的自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)是由刀庫(kù)和刀具交換裝置（換刀機(jī)械手）組成。換刀時(shí)，先在刀庫(kù)中進(jìn)行選刀，由機(jī)械手從刀庫(kù)和主軸上取出刀具，然后交換位置，把新刀插入主軸，舊刀放回刀庫(kù)。存放刀具的刀庫(kù)具有較大的容量，其容量為六把刀具,采用盤形結(jié)構(gòu),安裝在機(jī)床的左側(cè)立柱上。數(shù)控機(jī)床的自動(dòng)換刀裝置中，實(shí)現(xiàn)刀庫(kù)與機(jī)床主軸之間傳遞和裝卸刀具的裝置稱為刀具交換裝置。兩手互相垂直的回轉(zhuǎn)式單臂雙手機(jī)械手的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換刀動(dòng)作可靠，換刀時(shí)間短，缺點(diǎn)是刀柄精度要求高，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)整的相關(guān)精度要求高，機(jī)械手離加工區(qū)較近。一般來說，這種機(jī)械手與刀庫(kù)刀座軸線與機(jī)床主軸軸線垂直，刀庫(kù)為徑向存取刀具形式的自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)，因此，在XKA5032A/C數(shù)控立式升降銑床的自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)中可采用這種機(jī)械手形式。關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控銑床；自動(dòng)換刀裝置；刀庫(kù)；換刀機(jī)械手IIIAbstractThispapergivesthedesignoftheequipmentofauto-exchangetoolofXKA5032A/Cverticalkneeandcolumntypemillingmachine(toolmagazinetype).Automatictoolchangemechanismcanreducethelaborintensityofworkers,ontheotherhand,itcanimprovethemachiningefficiency.Theauto-exchangeequipmentoftoolmagazineiscomposedofthetoolmagazineandthedeviceoftoolexchange.Atfirst,thetoolthatfetchedfromthetoolmagazineshouldbeproperposedintothespindleofthemachine,andthetoolfetchedfromthespindleshouldbeputpacktothetoolmagazine.Thetoolmagazinethathaslargecapacitywherehas6toolsandadoptplatestructureismountedintheleftcolumnofthemachine.AutomatictoolchangerofNCmachine,realizethedevicebetweentheknifeandmachinetoolspindletransmissionandhandlingtoolcalledthetoolswitchingdevice.Theadvantageoftwoperpendiculararmsoftherotaryauto-exchangedeviceisthereliabilityandpromptoftheexchangeaction.Thedisadvantageoftheequipmentofauto-exchangetoolisthehigheraccuracyofthespindleandthecompoundstructureofthetoolmagazine.Theregulationofthemachinebecomecomplexbecauseofthetoolexchangenearthezeroofthemachining.Generallyspeaking,theaxisofthetoolmagazineisperpendicularwiththeaxisofthemachinespindle.Thetypeofthetoolexchangeisradial.So,theequipmentofauto-exchangetoolofXKA5032A/Cverticalkneeandcolumntypemillingmachineadoptthistypeofthemachinearm.Keyword:NCmillingmachine,theequipmentofauto-exchangetool,toolmagazine,mechanicalarmoftoolexchangeV目錄摘要............................................................................................................................................IIABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................III目錄............................................................................................................................................V1緒論.............................................................................................................................................11.1數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展歷史及趨勢(shì)...................................................................................................11.2數(shù)控銑床的分類及組成.......................................................................................................11.2.1數(shù)控立式銑床................................................................................................................11.2.2臥式數(shù)控銑床................................................................................................................21.2.3立臥式兩用數(shù)控銑床....................................................................................................21.2.4數(shù)控銑床的組成............................................................................................................31.3數(shù)控銑床的選用...................................................................................................................31.4數(shù)控銑床的主要功能及加工范圍....................................................................................41.4.1數(shù)控銑床的主要功能...................................................................................................41.4.2數(shù)控銑床的加工范圍....................................................................................................42數(shù)控銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置總體要求............................................................................................62.1數(shù)控銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置產(chǎn)生背景及換刀方法...................................................................62.2數(shù)控銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置的總體要求...................................................................................82.2.1自動(dòng)換刀裝置的分類....................................................................................................82.2.2對(duì)自動(dòng)換刀裝置的要求................................................................................................83自動(dòng)換刀裝置總體設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................93.1自動(dòng)換刀裝置設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù).......................................................................................................93.2XK5032數(shù)控銑床主要技術(shù)參數(shù).........................................................................................93.2.1結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)........................................................................................................................93.2.2主要規(guī)格及技術(shù)參數(shù)..................................................................................................103.3確定數(shù)控銑床加工工況.....................................................................................................113.4確定自動(dòng)換刀裝置的方式.................................................................................................114自動(dòng)換刀控制原理...................................................................................................................134.1自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................................134.1.1液壓的特點(diǎn)................................................................................................................134.1.2自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖..................................................................................134.2自動(dòng)換刀裝置換刀動(dòng)作的順序控制過程.........................................................................145刀庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)...........................................................................................................................155.1刀庫(kù)類型.............................................................................................................................155.2刀具識(shí)別.............................................................................................................................155.3刀庫(kù)容量的設(shè)計(jì).................................................................................................................165.4刀庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì).................................................................................................................165.4.1傳動(dòng)裝置的選擇..........................................................................................................17