土木工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）-B地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計.doc

B地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計B地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計摘要本設(shè)計為上海閔行某鎮(zhèn)203號地塊配套商品房B3地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。其中本設(shè)計的B3樓地上部分建筑面積為10695.33平方米，B3樓結(jié)構(gòu)形式為剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)，共12層，層高2.8米，總高35.25米，一梯三戶。本工程屬一般剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)，建筑場地屬IV類場地，建筑抗震設(shè)防類別為丙類，抗震設(shè)防烈度為七度，設(shè)計地震分組為第一組，設(shè)計基本地震加速度值為0.10g，設(shè)計特征周期Tg=0.9秒，剪力墻抗震等級三級，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)安全等級為二級。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的要求主要包括兩大部分，第一部分是掌握剪力墻小高層住宅樓的結(jié)構(gòu)體系布置、運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計軟件PKPM建立計算模型、合理設(shè)定軟件的參數(shù)配置，最后利用PKPM軟件進(jìn)行計算分析；熟悉相關(guān)設(shè)計規(guī)范規(guī)程。在PKPM軟件運(yùn)用中主要有：一、PMCAD：結(jié)構(gòu)模型與荷載輸入，結(jié)構(gòu)樓面布置信息，樓面荷載傳導(dǎo)計算；二、SATWE：接PM生成SATWE數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力、配筋計算，彈性動力時程分析；三、梁柱施工：梁歸并（全樓歸并），梁平法施工圖；四、JLQ：剪力墻配筋設(shè)計，畫截面注寫方式施工圖。第二部分是要能按要求運(yùn)用AutoCAD軟件繪出住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)平面布置圖、剪力墻配筋圖、連梁配筋圖、樓板配筋圖和樓梯詳圖等結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖。畢業(yè)設(shè)計的目的為：根據(jù)所學(xué)的房屋建筑學(xué)、鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、土力學(xué)與地基基礎(chǔ)和砌體結(jié)構(gòu)等專業(yè)課程知識進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計，同時通過畢業(yè)設(shè)計掌握PKPM軟件的運(yùn)用及高層建筑剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)體系布置。根據(jù)相關(guān)的建筑規(guī)范采用電算進(jìn)行計算和驗(yàn)算，同時提交設(shè)計成果圖紙（住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)平面布置圖、剪力墻配筋圖、連梁配筋圖、樓板配筋圖和樓梯詳圖等結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖）。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計使學(xué)生能夠綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識、基本理論知識，對一般土木工程進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑、設(shè)備和材料的設(shè)計布置，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決實(shí)際工程問題的能力，激發(fā)學(xué)生探索土木工程專業(yè)的興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自學(xué)和創(chuàng)新能力，幫助學(xué)生在今后的工作中不斷取得進(jìn)步。同時，本設(shè)計有助于學(xué)生樹立正確的設(shè)計思想和經(jīng)濟(jì)觀念，培養(yǎng)理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的工作作風(fēng)，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的科學(xué)態(tài)度；提高學(xué)生獨(dú)立分析，實(shí)際解決工程問題的能力。本設(shè)計的工程要考慮適應(yīng)上海的地質(zhì)、氣候、風(fēng)向等因素，要顧及冬季的防寒保溫和夏季的隔熱通風(fēng)，建筑設(shè)計立面簡潔美觀、居住環(huán)境安靜舒適，采用一梯三戶式建筑結(jié)構(gòu)布置，為居民的居住生活創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境。本設(shè)計屬于高層建筑設(shè)計，在新高層建筑混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)程（JGJ32002）里規(guī)定：10層及10層以上或高度超過28m的鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)稱為高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)建筑高度超過100m時，稱為超高層建筑。我國的房屋6層及6層以上就需要設(shè)置電梯，對10層以上的房屋就有提出特殊的防火要求的防火規(guī)范，因此我國的民用建筑設(shè)計通則（GB503522005）、高層民用建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范（GB50045-95）將10層及10層以上的住宅建筑和高度超過24m的公共建筑B地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和綜合性建筑劃稱為高層建筑。隨著我國的改革開放，人民的生活水平的不斷提高,在我國的一些大、中城市都大量的興建住宅樓,在城市用地的日趨緊張及住戶對在房屋的使用功能、面積和房間組合等提出越來越高的要求,高屋住宅樓越來越多,而且平面布置也趨于復(fù)雜。在多數(shù)住宅樓中,把樓梯、電梯及豎向管道井置于中部,形成一個豎向交通核心,各住宅單元圍繞該中心布置的平面布置方法,經(jīng)過長時期的使用,證明了這種格式的高屋住宅樓各單元的通風(fēng)采光良好、平面緊湊、結(jié)構(gòu)外露面少,而且較為經(jīng)濟(jì),已普遍被推廣。高屋建筑混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)程(JGJ3-2002)中指出：“近年興起的短肢剪墻結(jié)構(gòu)有利于住宅建筑布置,又可進(jìn)一步減輕結(jié)構(gòu)自重?！笨隙硕讨袅υ诟呶葑≌械膬?yōu)點(diǎn)和特點(diǎn)。短肢剪力墻是通過加開結(jié)構(gòu)洞及加大門窗洞口的寬度,墻體由幾個短的獨(dú)立的鋼筋混凝土墻段,通過連梁拉結(jié),以達(dá)到減少剪力墻肢長,增長建筑物自振周期和降低地震作用的目地。短肢剪力墻屬剪力墻的一種,通常采用T形、L形、十字形等的墻肢，這些墻肢主要分布于房間分隔墻的交點(diǎn)處,并視抗側(cè)力的需要和分隔墻相交的形式而布置適當(dāng)數(shù)量的各種形式的短肢墻,并在各墻肢處布置連梁,把這些短肢墻連結(jié)成一個整體,而未利用部分的剪力墻中的間隔墻,則用輕質(zhì)砌體填充。本論文主要包括以下內(nèi)容：開題報告和設(shè)計任務(wù)書，緒論，即高層建筑與剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計要求。設(shè)計說明與結(jié)構(gòu)布置，計算結(jié)果與分析，設(shè)計小結(jié)，參考文獻(xiàn)和謝辭。本設(shè)計具有以下特點(diǎn)：一、在考慮建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)要求的同時考慮了施工要求及可行性。二、針對不同荷載的特點(diǎn)采用了多種不同的計算方法，對知識進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)。三、利用電算對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)算，掌握PKPM及AutoCAD的用法，使結(jié)果更加有說服力。通過這次設(shè)計，使我更加深入的理解了畢業(yè)設(shè)計的重要性和必要性，使我對土木工程有了一個整體的認(rèn)識，并對綜合運(yùn)用、鞏固擴(kuò)展所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論和專業(yè)知識，樹立正確的設(shè)計思想和工程經(jīng)濟(jì)理念有很大的幫助；同時令我印象深刻的是治學(xué)必嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，要有嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的科學(xué)態(tài)度，要善于理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，要通過實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證所學(xué)的知識，才能把專業(yè)知識轉(zhuǎn)化為開拓進(jìn)取的力量。關(guān)鍵詞：結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)，高層建筑，PKPM，AutoCADB地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計STRUCTURALDESIGNFORA12-STOREYRESIDENTIALBUILDINGINB3BLOCKABSTRACTThegraduationdesignisa12-storeyresidentialbuildingstructuraldesignlocatedintheMinhangDistrict,Shanghai,belongingto203B3block,oneofthecommercialhousingblock.Thearea,abovethegroundfloor,is10695.33squaremeters,thebuildingheretakesashear-wallstructure,withatotalof12floorsand2.8meters,heightastorey,andthetotalheightis35.25m,sharingoneladderfor3households.Theprojecttakesageneralshear-wallstructure,withaclassIVconstructionsitesandacategoryCforbuilding,seismicfortificationwithsevendegrees.Thedesignearthquakebelongstothefirstgroupclassificationandthedesignvalueofthebasicseismicaccelerationis0.10g,andalsodesigncharacteristicperiodis0.9sec,withalevel-threeforshearseismic,alevel-twoforthestructures,security.Therequirementsofthisgraduationprojectmainlycontaintwoparts,thefirstpartistomastertheshearwallstructuralsystemlayoutforhigh-risehousebuilding,usingthestructuraldesignsoftwarePKPMtoestablishthemodel,settingappropriateparametersandthefinalworkiscalculation.Studentshouldbefamiliarwiththestructuraldesignrules.TheusesofPKPMsoftwareare:1.PMCAD:establishingmodelsandinputtingloads,informationofstructuralfloorlayout,thefloorloadcalculation.2.SATWE:linkPMgeneratingSATWEdata,internalforceandreinforcementcomputation,elasticdynamicanalysis.3.Beamconstruction:beammerger(mergingthewholebuilding),girderplanemethodforconstructiondrawings.4.JLQ:reinforcementdesignforwall,thesectionworkingdrawings.ThesecondpartisusingAutoCADsoftware,drawingthegraphsofstructureplan,wallreinforcementplan,beamreinforcementplans,slabreinforcementplansandstairsdetailingplans.TheaimofGraduationdesign:AccordingtotheknowledgeofArchitecture,reinforcedconcretestructuredesign,SoilMechanicsandFoundationEngineeringandMasonryStructures,studentneedstotakeapreliminarydesignofproject,andthroughthegraduationdesign,masteringPKPMsoftwareandshearwallstructurelayoutforhigh-risebuildings.Accordingtotherelevantbuildingrules,calculatingtheprojectbyICCandchecking,andsubmittingthedesigndrawings(structuralfloorplan,wallreinforcementplan,beamreinforcementplans,slabreinforcementplansandstairsdetailing).Bythedesign,agraduationB地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計shouldmastercomprehensiveuseoftheprofessionalknowledgeandbasictheoreticalknowledgefordesigningthearchitecture,layoutofequipmentandmaterialsforthegeneralcivilengineering,encouragingstudentstosolvepracticalengineeringproblems,andexploreinterestincivilengineering.Culturingself-learningandinnovationabilities,helpsstudentscontinuetomakeprogressinfuturework.Atthesametime,thisdesignprojectwillhelpstudentsacquireacorrectdesignandeconomicconcepts,formingtheorywithpracticeworkstyleandseriousscientificattitude.Improvingstudents,independentanalysis,theactualabilitytosolveengineeringproblems.TheprojectshouldbeadapttoShanghaisgeology,climate,winddirectionandotherfactors,takingthewintercoldandsummerheatventilationandinsulationintoaccount,withasimpleandbeautifulfacadeappearance,aquietandcomfortablelivingenvironmentandusingaladderfor3arrangementsstyletocreateagoodenvironmentforlivinglife.Thedesignishigh-risebuilding,thenewTechnicalspecificationforconcretehigh-risebuildings(JGJ3-2002)rulesthat:morethan10floorsand10floorsormorethan28mhighreinforcedconcretestructure,areknownasthehigh-risebuilding.Whenthebuildingheightexceeds100m,itiscalledHigh-risebuilding.HousesinChinese,with6layersormore,needtosetelevators,whilemorethan10layersthefirehouseshavemadeaspecialfiresafetyrequirements,soChinasCivilDesignPrinciples(GB50352-2005),High-riseCivilarchitecturaldesigncodeforfireprotection(GB50045-95)define10floorsormoreofresidentialbuildingsandthepublicbuildingstallerthan24m,asthehigh-risebuilding.AsreforminChinaandopeningupadvance,peopleslivingstandardsisrisingup,somelargeandmedium-sizedcitieshaveestablishedalargenumberofresidentialbuilding.withagrowingtensionsinurbanland,housingfunction,areaandroomcombination,citizensraisehigherandhigherdemands,moreandmorehighresidentialbuildingsestablished,andalsotendstocomplexlayout.Inmostresidentialbuildings,thestaircase,elevatorandverticalpipewellsplacedinthemiddleofthecoretoformaverticaltransport,theresidentialunitsarrangedaroundthecenterofthelayout,afteralongperiodofuse,thisarrangementhasgenerallybeenprovedhighresidentialbuilding,sventilationandlightingallgood,flatcompact,lessappearanceforstructure,andalsomoreeconomical,whichhasgenerallybeenspread,Thisarticlepresentsitsdesigningfeaturesfromthedefinitionofshortshearwall,thedefinitionofmulti-short-shear-wallstructureandfailuresexistinthepresentstructuralcomputationsoftware.Italsoprovidesgistinthedesignofshortshearwallinaproject.High-riseshearwallsforresidentialspecial-shapedcolumnsaspeople,especiallyinhigh-riseresidentialflatandspacehavebecomeincreasinglydemanding,theoriginalgeneralframestructureoftheexposedbeamsexposedcolumns,normalwallstructureofarchitecturalspacestrictlylimitedandseparatedcannolongersatisfypeoplesdemandforresidentialspace.Soonthebasisoftheexistingshearwalls,absorbingtheadvantagesoftheframestructure,andgraduallyevolvedthatcanadapttopeoplesconceptofthenewresidentialhigh-riseresidentialstructuretype,thatisshort-piershearwallstructureandspecial-shapedcolumnframestructuretype.Thesetwonewstructuresduetoalargeextent,overcomethegeneralframeworkoftheshortcomingsofordinaryshearwallstructurebythearchitectsdefinitelymoreopenwiththeHousingtenantshavebeenwelcomedbybusiness,thispaperthesetwokindsofnewtypeofhigh-riseresidentialstructure,forcecharacteristics,structuralanalysisandstructuralrequirementsB地塊一棟12層住宅樓結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計setout.High-risebuildingTechnicalSpecificationforConcreteStructures(JGJ3-2002)rulesthat:Inrecentyears,theriseofshort-limbshearwallstructureisconducivetoresidentialbuildinglayout,thestructurecanfurtherreduceweight.Theadvantagesandcharacteristicsoftheshortpiershearwallsinhighhousingareaffirmed.Shortshearwallstructurehasadditionalholesandincreasesthewidthofwindowanddooropenings,thewallconsistsofseveralshortindependentreinforcedconcretewallsections,byrachellingbeamstorealizethereductionofwallflange,andincreasingthevibrationperiodofbuildingandreducingearthquakeeffect.Shortshearwallisonekindofwallstyles,usuallyusingtheT-shaped,L-shaped,crossandsoon.Thesearemainlydistributedintheroomwallfortheintersectionofaseparatingwall,andconsideringtheneedsoflateralforceandtheformsofseparationbarrier,laytheappropriatenumberofvariousforms,shortshearwallandthewalllayoutwithbeamsformingasawhole.Thesparepartitionofshortshearwall,filledwithlightweightmasonry.Thispaperincludesthefollowings:openingreportandtaskplan，introduction,high-risebuildingwithshearwallstructuraldesignrequirements,thedesigndescriptionandstructuralarrangement,resultsandanalysis,thedesignsummary，referenceandtribute