Lines-Written-in-Early-Spring翻譯及賞析

1、Lines Written in Early SpringBy William WordsworthI heard a thousand blended (和諧的)notes, While in a grove（小樹林） I sat reclined（斜倚）, In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. To her fair works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my he

2、art to think What man has made of man. Through primrose tufts（報(bào)春花叢）, in that green bower（閨房）, The periwinkle（蔓長(zhǎng)春花） trailed its wreaths（花環(huán)）; And tis my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breathes. The birds around me hopped（蹦跳） and played, Their thoughts I cannot measure: But the least motion

3、which they made It seemed a thrill of pleasure. The budding twigs（嫩樹枝） spread out their fan, To catch the breezy air; And I must think, do all I can, That there was pleasure there. If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Natures holy plan, Have I not reason to lament What man has made of man?

4、賞析:威廉華茲華斯（17701850）是英國(guó)19世紀(jì)著名的浪漫派詩(shī)人，他對(duì)自然的熱愛以及他大部分人生所度過(guò)的地方-湖區(qū)的湖光山色對(duì)他的性格和作品有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。早春詩(shī)行描寫了詩(shī)人坐在樹蔭下享受大自然美景的情景。詩(shī)中三，四和第五小節(jié)描繪了一幅歡樂(lè)的“花鳥樹草”圖。詩(shī)人雖然無(wú)法知道櫻草花，常春藤，鳥兒和花蕾有何真實(shí)感受，但從花兒鮮艷的色彩和鳥兒歡快的叫聲中，他感受到世間萬(wàn)物都在享受大自然的清新和美麗，每一個(gè)姿態(tài)和動(dòng)作都展示它們正在迸發(fā)的興奮和快樂(lè)。 在這樣歡樂(lè)的氣氛中，詩(shī)人本應(yīng)投入大自然的懷抱，盡情享受自然的美麗，然而，在這充滿春的歡樂(lè)的季節(jié)里，詩(shī)人想到的卻是“人怎樣對(duì)待著人”。從萬(wàn)物的歡樂(lè)中，華

5、茲華斯想到了人間的痛苦和悲傷。他認(rèn)為，人本為大自然的一部分，理應(yīng)加入大自然歡樂(lè)的海洋，但是人間的情況卻不是如此，是人類自身造成了人間的痛苦和悲傷。詩(shī)歌含蓄地表達(dá)了作者對(duì)世間不平的抗議和對(duì)公平社會(huì)的渴望。寫于早春華茲華斯我躺臥在樹林之中，聽著融諧的千萬(wàn)聲音，閑適的情緒，愉快的思想，卻帶來(lái)的憂心忡忡。大自然把她的美好事物通過(guò)我聯(lián)系人的靈魂，而我痛心萬(wàn)分，想起了人怎樣對(duì)待著人。那邊綠蔭中的櫻草花叢，有長(zhǎng)春花在把花圈編制，我深信每朵花不論大小，都能享受它呼吸的空氣。四周的鳥兒跳了又耍，我不知道他們想寫什么，但他們每個(gè)細(xì)微的動(dòng)作，似乎都激起心頭的歡樂(lè)。萌芽的嫩枝張膊如扇，捕捉那陣陣的清風(fēng)，使我沒(méi)發(fā)不深切

6、地感受到，它們也自有歡欣，如果上天叫我這樣相信，如果這是大自然的用心，難道我沒(méi)有理由悲嘆人怎樣對(duì)待著人？王佐良譯Comments1:In Lines Written in Early Spring, Wordsworth achieves the goal he sets for himself in his Preface to the Lyrical Ballads - to choose situations from common life, and to relate or describe them.in a selection of language really used by

7、 men, and at the same time to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination. Wordsworth describes Nature as being a composer, creating a symphony of blended notes. The scene appears to be entirely sweet and pleasant, and yet gives way to sad thoughts in the speakers mind. The speaker observes t

8、hat all of Natures creations appear to be enjoying themselves - the flowers enjoy the air they breathe, the birds take pleasure in their movements, as do the budding twigs. The speaker recognizes that man is also one of Natures creations - To her fair works did Nature link/The human soul that throug

9、h me ran (lines 5-6). However, man is also a creator, and can create himself (What man has made of man - line 8). Mans self creation goes against Natures plan that all natural things should enjoy themselves, as man does not necessarily take pleasure in every moment of life. This thought causes the s

10、peaker himself to grieve - thus creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Comments2:The opening stanza of William Wordsworths “Lines Written in Early Spring” sets the tone for the underlying theme of the poem: Wordsworths narrator reclining in a grove where his thoughts are allowed to flow uninterrupted

11、in what Wordsworth describes as “In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts / Bring sad thoughts to the mind.” (3-4). Importantly, these last two lines of the first quatrain easily catch a reader off guard. The quiet and descriptively serene setting seems to have brought Wordsworths narrator to a sta

12、te of uninhibited inward contemplation of the external civilized world, and found this subject of thought emotionally disturbing. Indeed, one of Romanticisms greatest virtues is found in its appreciation for intimate and emotional deliberation, and Wordsworth, staying true to what seems to be an inh

13、erit disposition, finds himself overtaken by his otherwise distracted worries thanks to the peaceful setting in which he finds himself in “Lines Written in Early Spring”. It is the second stanza of William Wordsworths “Lines Written in Early Spring” that we are given the theme of the poem when Words

14、worth writes “And much it grieved my heart to think / What man has made of man.” (7 and 8). Wordsworth, in his reflection of “What man has made of man” (8), is describing how mankind, though civilized, has an innate spiritual connection to “Nature” and “her fair works” (4). Essentially, Wordsworths

15、“Lines Written in Early Spring” revolves around this Romantic theme of how beautiful and essential our intrinsic connection to nature is, and how unfortunate and painful our self-inflicted disconnection has become. Wordsworth writes in “Lines Written in Early Spring” of how nature offers a wholesome

16、 and natural lifestyle that Wordsworth feels has been lost to the pointlessness and monotonous of civilization and the pursuit of contemporary capitalistic gain. The following three stanzas of William Wordsworths “Lines Written in Early Spring” describe the natural scenery around Wordsworths narrato

17、r as he sits in his emotionally sensitive mood, contemplating how life in the forest seems so beautiful and satisfying compared to life in civilization. Wordsworth goes on to describe what he sees as “pleasure” as “every flower / Enjoys the air it breathes” (11-12), and the birds that hopped and pla

18、yed around him were written with every “l(fā)east motion which they made” (15) “seemed a thrill of pleasure” (16). Wordsworth goes so far as to describe “pleasure” in the very “budding twigs” (17) that spread their leaves to catch the “breezy air” (18). Wordsworth sees blissful life and vitality all aro

19、und him as he sits in the glade, so ignorant of factories, human waste and conflict, that these natural creatures have achieved a state of paradise by simply existing as nature had intended: free of civilization and in a state of natural grace. It is this lifestyle that Wordsworth is jealous of and

20、wishes that mankind could somehow return to in much the same way he would later describe in “The World is Too Much With Us” (1807). It is also this lifestyle that gives Wordsworth reason to pity mankind for their empty pursuits and meaningless lifestyles. The final stanza concludes William Wordswort

21、hs “Lines Written in Early Spring” with the lines “If such be Natures holy plan, / Have I not reason to lament / What man has made of man?” (22-24); not only repeating the eighth line of “What man has made of man” (8) in the last, but also driving home Wordsworths main theme of “Lines Written in Ear

22、ly Spring”. To Wordsworth, “Natures holy plan” (22) is for mankind to live as an intricate part of nature, surrendering to quiet cottages and subsistence farming, away from the bleak and pointless miseries of city life. Man, in “Lines Written in Early Spring”, has successfully perverted his nature a

23、nd is so condemned to the incomplete and aimless existence of civilization. Wordsworth “l(fā)ament(s) / What man has made of man” (23-24) because “Nature”, a divine and motherly deity-like figure, had intended much more for mankind, pleasure and happiness in a wonderful natural lifestyle, but they have

24、estranged themselves from their natural roots and have so essentially destroyed themselves in their pointless aims of contemporary pursuits. William Wordsworths “Lines Written in Early Spring” was one of Wordsworths first Romantic poems, but, thanks to its depth and spirited writing, “Lines Written

25、in Early Spring” could also be argued as not only one of Wordsworths best works of literary Romanticism, but also possessing some of the greatest lines of Romantic philosophy (i.e. “What man has made of man” (8 and 24). “Lines Written in Early Spring” encompasses Romanticism almost entirely, and Wor

26、dsworths writing would continue for a lifetime afterwards. In many ways, “Lines Written in Early Spring” would set the tone for Wordsworths poety; Wordsworth thereafter wrestling with the same theme of “Lines Written in Early Spring” and lamenting civilization and “What man has made of man.”Comment3

27、INTRODUCTIONThis poem is a ballad which is included in the collection named Lyrical Ballads, a volume published in 1798 along with Coleridge, who had become his friend, although this volume neither had Coleridges nor Wordsworths name as authors. A second edition was published in 1800 under Wordswort

28、h name which supposed a problem between both authors which threw them apart for a while. In the edition of 1802 Wordsworth wrote a preface as well as some more poems were included. In this preface Wordsworth attempts to explain the poems contained as experiments in which the use of language is diffe

29、rent from the classic poems and the complexity and highness of it. He talks about writing poetry for men in the language of men. As he expresses in his preface to the third edition:“Whats a poet? He is a man speaking to men. ” . Lyrical Ballads, 1802 Volume I, preface.His aim with these poems was to

30、 talk about situations in common life, that is why he chose to communicate with an easy language as well as he preferred rural life as, this, was part of his idea that nature surroundings are the ideal place where man could find himself and his essence, and because in this rural environment these pa

31、ssions could be framed in the beautiful Nature. In Nature ambits, far from social vanity, men communicate their thoughts and feelings in a simple language, without the ornamentation used in previous times in poetry where deep human questions where dealt with. It is possible then, that, under Wordswo

32、rths look, philosophical language, the one used to express human desires and thoughts is more suitable as easier it is since it tries to communicate emotions men have experienced in their inner beings before expressing them. The purpose of the poems is: “namely to illustrate the manner in which our

33、feelings and ideas are associated in a state of excitement”. Lyrical Ballads, 1802 Volume I, preface. Understanding this state of excitement as the state reached by human mind in contact with nature, the representation of what may be seen as God. And a poet is that who knows well about this Nature,

34、the universe, and what surrounds human kind and expresses the passions and emotions it causes on men in a pleasant way to others. Because he “considers man and nature as essentially adapted to each other and the mind of man as naturally the mirror of the fairest and most interesting qualities of nat

35、ure.” Lyrical Ballads, 1802 Volume I, preface. ANALYSIS/ASSESSMENTThe poem we have here is a ballad composed in six quatrains; six stanzas of four lines, being each line composed by four iambic feet. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GHGH, DIDI, JDJD.I HEARD a thousand blended notes, AWhile in a

36、 grove I sate reclined, BIn that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts ABring sad thoughts to the mind. BIn the first quatrain Wordsworth looks at Nature and through his views sad thoughts come to his mind. Here he expresses his conviction in that knowledge of reality is reached through emotions and int

37、uitions that Nature generates at being observed by man. Being Nature the real representation of reality and godliness as well. To her fair works did Nature link CThe human soul that through me ran; DAnd much it grieved my heart to think CWhat man has made of man. DIn the second stanza the poet uses

38、a figure of speech called personification by which he gives Nature the ability to create at her will elements, what he calls “her fair works”, and make the human soul that lives in the poet feel linked with them. This is a way of humanizing Nature by giving her the feature of being a creator which c

39、ould be seen as an attribution to the Nature of the concept of God, understood as that who performs reality at his own will. In third and fourth verses, the poet expresses the affliction this knowledge causes to his soul, and he wonders about the direction taken by mankind, as he does again at the e

40、nd of the poem.Through primrose tufts, in that green bower, EThe periwinkle trailed its wreaths; F And tis my faith that every flower EEnjoys the air it breathes. FIn the third quatrain he observes Nature, at its peak, in all its splendour and beauty. He tells about its dynamic development when he d

41、escribes how the periwinkle trains its branches through the grass. He also displays his implication in this development of natural events expressing his desire for the flowers to rejoice at their existence.In the third and fourth verses we can see a personification again, when flowers are endowed wi

42、th particular human abilities such breathing and enjoying.The birds around me hopped and played, GTheir thoughts I cannot measure:- HBut the least motion which they made GIt seemed a thrill of pleasure. He continues to observe nature and describes the birds playing and hopping around him, he says he

43、 cannot measure their thoughts. This again shows how Wordsworth gives human attributes to the elements of Nature being the action of thinking and making elaborate thoughts part of the human condition. But it shows too, how, through his only observation, he cannot reach the knowledge of their thinkin

44、g. Although by his observations he supposes his last movement was one expressing pleasure.The budding twigs spread out their fan, DTo catch the breezy air; IAnd I must think, do all I can, DThat there was pleasure there. I 20Again, he provides will to events occurring in Nature: the newborn branches

45、 expand to get the air they need, and, once more, attributes to elements the capacity to feel, and enjoy their existence. These opinions derive from his long observations of this place and its nature.If this belief from heaven be sent, JIf such be Natures holy plan, DHave I not reason to lament JWha

46、t man has made of man? DHe wonders if the will and the ability to enjoy the simple development of life by every natural element which he observes are sent from heaven, and next he considers whether it may be as well a holy plan of Nature. He gives again, as seen in the second stanza, godly attribute

47、s to Nature, as creator of life and death, as the force compelling the world. She is able to plan and, moreover, to develop a holy plan. If this holy plan is created deliberately, with its harmony and beauty, the humankind, with their wars and their unnatural activities, have moved away from what st

48、ills can be glimpsed in natural events, and it is because of this he regrets what man has made of man.ACCORDING TO WORDSWORTH MOMENTWordsworth wrote this poem while he went for a walk in a spot near the village of Alford, he describes the moment and the place as a natural scene in motion, branches l

49、ooking for the sun trying to escape from the water where its tree had fallen and had remained as a natural bridge and water falling down a sloping rock. Through this image we can imagine the sounds and the moment described in the poem. His real communion with Nature is shown in these verses, by his observations and his feelings on the different events, the growing of the periwinkle, the birds recreation or the branches breathing and his idea of the ability of these element