短文填空題型及解題技巧點撥

1、短文填空題型及解題技巧點撥 一、題型介紹 短文填空題型是以閱讀理解為基礎(chǔ)，綜合考查學(xué)生對英語詞匯、語法、慣用法的理解和運用，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，考查學(xué)生對整篇文章的分析、判斷能力、邏輯推理能力，是一種要求高、難度大、區(qū)分度高的題型。其主要形式就是在一篇語意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息鏈的中斷，讓考生在重新理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運用所學(xué)知識和常識，對每個空格做出盡可能合理的分析判斷，給出最佳答案，使重新構(gòu)建的文章主旨鮮明，文意暢達，邏輯嚴密。 ?？嫉男问街饕幸韵聨追N：1選擇詞匯型短文填空；2.給出首字母短文填空；3.給出動詞型短文填空；4.在短文的空白處填詞型短文填空；5.看圖填詞型短

2、文填空。 二、應(yīng)試技巧 做短文填空題時，通常先要弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進行合理的分析、判斷，才能做出恰當?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步： 1通覽全文。通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好短文填空題的關(guān)鍵，因為短文填空題的特點是著眼于整體理解。我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)首句給出的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，盡快把全文讀完，建立對文章的整體感覺。 2仔細推敲，初定答案。在通讀全文，了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上著手答題。答題時要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容要求，結(jié)合文章的主題，綜合運用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法知識，對每個空進行認真分析，反復(fù)推敲，從而確定答案。可以從以下幾個方面入手：(1)根據(jù)上下文語境確定答案；(2)根據(jù)慣用

3、法或習(xí)慣搭配確定答案；(3)運用邏輯推理判斷答案；(4)根據(jù)詞語用法確定答案；(5)剖析結(jié)構(gòu)，進行對比推理確定答案。 3復(fù)讀檢查，消除漏洞。完成所有的空缺后，應(yīng)再次通讀全文，看行文是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)檢時，可從語法入手檢查時態(tài)，主謂一致，代詞的性，名詞的數(shù)、格及詞的搭配是否正確。遇到疑點，應(yīng)根據(jù)中心思想，從語義、語法上加以判斷。 三、各類短文題型的特點及答題策略 1選擇詞匯型短文填空 【題型特點】這類題是把詞抽出，打亂順序，不按原文的次序排列，有時還增加幾個干擾項，要求挑選出正確的詞，并用其恰當?shù)男问教钊攵涛牡目崭駜?nèi)。 【解題步驟】(1)跳過空格，通讀全文，初步掌握短文大意。通過閱讀

4、，了解文章大意，對語篇進行整體了解，避免斷章取義。在匆匆瀏覽全文時，對生詞可先跳過，細讀時再理會。 (2)復(fù)讀全文，初步試填。將有關(guān)單詞按照個人的初步理解填入空白處，不管具體形式如何，使短文初步成形。 (3)再次閱讀，根據(jù)句法及詞法確定所填詞的最終形式，使其符合文章思路。 【典型例題】 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容從所給的12個單詞或詞組中選出10個，并以其適當形式填空。 T-shirts first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by _1_ in the Ame

5、rican navy(海軍) under their uniforms. Over the next _2_ decades(十年) more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply _3_ Marlon Brandos white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, T-shirts _4_ became cool. Young people across

6、America started wearing T-shirts as a symbol of _5_ own rebellious(反叛的) feelings. As the young people of James Deans times got _6_, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have _7_ they wanted printed on them. Theres nothing rebellious about wearing a T-shirt now, _8_. People of all _9_ wear the

7、m. _10_, the T-shirt is probably the most common piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost anywhere and anytime. 【答案及解析】試題給出了12個單詞和短語，要求從中選出10個填入短文中，而且有的單詞需要轉(zhuǎn)換形式。1.sailors。根據(jù)文意應(yīng)該填表示“某人”的單詞，這個詞應(yīng)該是“水手”，sail作動詞用，意為“航海；駕(船)”；它的名詞形式sailors，意為“水手”。2.few。在“decades(十年)

8、”的前面應(yīng)該是個修飾數(shù)字的詞，選few符合文意。3.by the sight of。前面是被動語態(tài)，后面是“Marlon Brandos white T-shirt”，填入所給的短語by the sight of符合文意。4.suddenly。句子的主要成分完整，顯然這里應(yīng)該用個表示“突然”的副詞，所給單詞中含“突然”意思的只有sudden，是形容詞，應(yīng)該用其副詞形式suddenly。5.their。own前面必須用形容詞性物主代詞，所給單詞中有人稱代詞they，用它的物主代詞形式their即可。6.older?？崭袂暗膅ot是連系動詞，意為“變得”，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。所給單詞中剩余的形容

9、詞只有old，根據(jù)文意，應(yīng)該用它的比較級形式older。7.anything。依句意“他們能夠在T恤衫上印上”，空格處應(yīng)是表達“任何東西”的詞，所給單詞中恰有anything。8.however。句子末尾應(yīng)該是個副詞。填“however(然而)”與文意吻合。9.ages。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，People of all后面應(yīng)該是個名詞，組成名詞短語作句子的主語。如果用age，則需用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式ages，表示“各個年齡段的人”，與文意相符。10.In fact?？崭袷莻€獨立成分，剩余的所給單詞in fact， nothing， so that中，選“in fact(實際上)”與文意相符。 2.給出首字母

10、型短文填空 【題型特點】首字母填詞是根據(jù)句意和已給的首字母，在句子的空白處填上恰當?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學(xué)生對句子的理解能力。 【解題步驟】(1)通讀全文，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根據(jù)文意進行合理判斷，從而有可能突然產(chǎn)生“靈感”，將斷層的信息比較準確地反映出來。 (2)注意精讀，反復(fù)琢磨。做這類題，有時可根據(jù)固定用法判斷，有時可通過上下文意思判斷。遇到難詞時，要根據(jù)其前后的句子反復(fù)推敲、再三琢磨該詞在句中的作用，由此判斷出該詞的意思。 We asked some teachers to give us the las

11、t lesson. The lesson is proverbs(諺語) about friends. Older people _2_ teach proverbs to younger people. Every culture has proverbs. They are short and easy to _3_. There is a German proverb which says, “Friendship is a plant we must _4_.” It means that we need to take care of friends _5_ taking care

12、of a garden. “Only your real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.” is _6_ proverb from Japan. It means that only _7_ friends tell you when you are making a _8_. My grandfather told me, “Nobody is so _9_ that he can throw away a friend.” Everyone _10_ friends. Be good to them. Goodbye, frie

13、nds! Dont forget us! . 閱讀下面短文，寫出括號中所給詞的正確形式，使短文意思完整。 Dolphins are _1_(interest) animals and researchers find them smart. They _2_(have) no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign _3_(

14、language). They can respond(反應(yīng)) quite _4_(correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at _5_(do) our “intelligent(智能的) tests”. . 動詞填空。 (A) 閱讀下面短文，用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空(必要時可加情態(tài)動詞或助動詞)。 I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements(

15、成就), he was thought to be more creative than the average(一般的) person. When he _1_(ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years old. “I _2_(try) to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fel

16、l, spilling(溢出) the milk all over the floora sea of milk! I was frightened and I didnt know what to do!” he said. His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I _3_(consider) how to explain all this to you, Mom,” he said. Instead of _4_(punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess(雜亂)

17、you have made! I _5_(not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like _6_(play) in the milk for a while? We _7_(clean) it up after that.” Indeed, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you _8_(make) a mess li

18、ke this, finally you have to clean it up.” He used a sponge(海綿) and together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, we _9_(fail) in how to successfully carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if y

19、ou _10_(discover) a way to carry it.” Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓緊) the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! (B) 閱讀下面短文，用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。 Have you ever heard of Barack Obama? Now he is famous all over the

20、world for becoming the first African-American president. Barack Obama was born to a black father and a white mother in 1961. While he _1_(study) in high school, he showed much talent in study. After graduating from university, he worked as a lawyer and a teacher. He loves writing. And he _2_(write)

21、some books since 1995. These books are very popular and have helped him earn millions of dollars. He gave away some of the money to charities. He _3_(become) the President of the USA in the year of 2008. Now the situation in America is worrying. But most of the American people still _4_(have) confid

22、ence. They believe Barack Obama _5_(create) a bright future for them, just as they say, “Change is coming to America.” . 閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~。 (A) Reading is an activity people enjoy a lot in their free time. Some like reading newspapers and o_1_ enjoy novels or comic books(連環(huán)畫). My f_2_

23、books are those about the lives of great people. Reading them always gives me a lot of ideas on how to make my o_3_ life better. Great people are remembered not because they were handsome or beautiful, but because they did not give up w_4_ their lives were difficult. They tried to use e_5_ chance to

24、 change their lives and make the world better. One good example is Orville and Wilbur Wright, the two brothers w_6_ invented the airplane. The plane has m_7_ the world into a small village. Hard work, not good luck, is the r_8_ why the Wright Brothers could invent this convenient(方便的) machine and be

25、come great people. Today we will remember them when we see planes i_9_ the sky. Whenever I read s_10_ about great people, I always learn a lot from them and they encourage me to march on. This is why I enjoy reading about great peoples lives. (B) Dear Tom, Are you surprised to hear from me? I have n

26、ot heard from you s_1_ the beginning of the summer h_2_. How are you getting on with your s_3_? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b_4_ f_5_ Canada yet? My stamp collection is g_6_ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d_7_ countries. In my stamp books, I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen friend from Britain. She gave me some B_8_ stamps. My American teacher has given me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. Im glad to know