初中英語近義詞辨析中考復(fù)習(xí)

1、初中英語近義詞辨析中考復(fù)習(xí)1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. family, house, homehome 家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.3. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.4. p

2、hoto, picture, drawingphoto用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫.5. population, peoplepopulation人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人 China has a large population.6. road, street, path, wayroad具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.7. custom, habitcustom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗

3、，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do， habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.8. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí) Practice makes perfect.9. class, lesson作課解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級或全體學(xué)生用class. Lesson 6; class 5.10. officer, officialofficer部隊的軍官，off

4、icial政府官員 an army officer11. work, job二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù) a good job12. couple, paircouple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers13. country, nation, state, landcountry側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體，land國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news.14. police, policemanpolice警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，

5、policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.15. problem, questionproblem常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用.16. chick, chicken二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious.17. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅

6、途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip18. sport, gamesport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.19. price, prizeprice價格，prize獎，獎品，獎金 win the first prize, The price is high/low.20. a number of, the number ofa number of許多，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of s

7、tudents is increasing.21. in front of, in the front ofin front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.22. three of us, the three of usthree of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，the three of us我們?nèi)齻€（就三個人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.23. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠

8、詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.24. next year, the next yearnext year將來時間狀語，the next year過去將來時間狀語 He said he would go abroad the next year.25. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.26. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, on

9、e girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?27. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is28. in bed, on the bedin bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.29. in charg

10、e of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.30. in class, in the classin class在課上，in the class在班級里 He is the best student in the class.31. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.32. it

11、, oneit同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.33. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的 I was ill. Thats why34. none, nothing, no onenone強調(diào)有多少，nothing, no one強調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much? - None.35. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you36. who, wha

12、twho指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.37. what, whichwhat的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?38. other, anotherother后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student39. many, much, a lot ofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句 I havent m

13、any books.40. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many morethan后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful41. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water42. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself單獨的，獨自的，for oneself為自己，to

14、 oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自動的 The door opened of itself.43. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.44. tall, hightall常指人或動物，high常指物體 He is tall.45. fast, quicklyfast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly46. healthy, healthfulheal

15、thy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise47. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.48. just, veryjust表強調(diào)時是副詞，作狀語，very表強調(diào)時是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the man49. real, truereal真的，真實的，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實和實際情況相

16、符合 real gold, a true story50. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定語，pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.51. ill, sickill做表語，sick定，表均可 a sick boy52. good, wellgood形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.53. quiet, silent, stillquiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，sil

17、ent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動，still完全不動，完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。54. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.55. almost, nearly二者均為幾乎,差不多 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody56. late, latelylate遲，晚，lately最近，近來 I havent seen him lately.57. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, li

18、ve均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive58. excited, excitingexcited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的 Im excited. The news is exciting.59. aloud, loudaloud出聲地，loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀)60. worth, worthy二者均為值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It

19、 is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.61. bad, badlybad形容詞，badly副詞，不好，但與need, want, require連用為很，非常 go bad I need the book badly.62. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long63. quite, ratherquite完全地，相當(dāng)于completely, ra

20、ther修飾比較級 quite impossible64. happy, gladhappy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語 a happy girl65. instead, instead ofinstead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.66. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，much too后接形容詞 much too heavy67. ra

21、ise, riseraise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east.68. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk69. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主語，花錢，花時間; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時間; pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢70. join, join in, take part injoin加入某個組織

22、，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型活動, join sb. in；take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago.71. learn, studylearn學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，study學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過程，研究 study the problem72. want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以實現(xiàn)），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能實現(xiàn)）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth.

23、+ n. I wish you success.73. discover, invent, find outdiscover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth.74. answer, replyanswer及物動詞，reply不及物動詞，后接 to reply to the letter75. leave, leave forleave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.76. rob, stealrob搶劫 rob sb.

24、 of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.77. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄準(zhǔn)，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.78. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.79. search, search forsearch后接地點，search for后接?xùn)|西 He searched his pocket for money.80. used to, be used toused to過去

25、常常，be used to習(xí)慣于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用來，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.81. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them82. live on, live bylive on以為主食，live by靠謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing83. beat, hit, strikebeat連續(xù)性地?fù)舸颍籬it打中，對準(zhǔn)打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings84. l

26、ose, misslose失去（具體的物體），錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯過sth. is missing, miss the chance85. care about, care forcare about關(guān)心，計較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.86. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，而have a cold可以Sh

27、e has had a cold for a week.87. continue, last二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.88. feed, raisefeed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)， raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family89. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doc

28、tor去請醫(yī)生，go to a doctor去看病90. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars91. look, seem, appearlook指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise,look like his father92. gather, collectgather把分散的東西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集 collect stamps93. die from,

29、die ofdie from表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，die of表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold94. divide, separatedivide把一個整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個體分開divide the apple, separate the houses95. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物動詞，后接in (大地點)，at(小地點)，get不及物動詞后接to，reach及物動詞 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach

30、 Beijing96. grow, plantgrow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing97. manage, trymanage to do設(shè)法做成了某事，try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.98. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用語，建成，put up臨時搭建，set up建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全），found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent,

31、 set up a school99. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.100. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上達(dá)成一致意見，主語是復(fù)數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan101. throw to, throw atthr

32、ow to扔到, throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.102. receive, acceptreceive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.103. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.104. listen, hearlisten強調(diào)動作，hear強調(diào)結(jié)果 I

33、 listened, but I heard nothing.105. look, see, watchlook看的動作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watch TV106. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book107. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war.108. turn, get, growturn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強調(diào)變

34、的結(jié)果，grow強調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big109. close, shut, turn offclose和shut當(dāng)關(guān)解時可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turn off用于指有開關(guān)的物體Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.110. begin, startbegin側(cè)重時間的開始，反義詞為end，start側(cè)重由靜到動的轉(zhuǎn)折，反義詞為stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.111. happen, take placehappen偶然性的沒有預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生，take place

35、必然性的發(fā)生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.112. at, in (表地點)at小地點，in大地點 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai113. day after day, day by dayday after day日復(fù)一日（無變化）；day by day一天天地（有變化）Trees grow taller day by day.114. like, aslike相似關(guān)系，但并不等同，as同一關(guān)系，兩者實為一體Dont treat me as a child. (In f

36、act, Im a child.)115. after, in (表時間) after接時間點，in接時間段 after 7:00, in five minutes116. between, amongbetween兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間, among三者或三者以上之間Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.117. after, behind (表位置)after強調(diào)次序的先后，behind強調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.118.

37、since, for (完成時間狀語)since接點時間或一句話，for接一段時間 for three years, since 3:00119. on the corner, in the corner, at the corneron the corner物體表面的角上，in the corner物體內(nèi)部的角落里，at the corner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）on the corner of the table120. on earth, on the earth, in the earthon earth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上

38、，in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth121. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise驚奇地，to ones surprise使某人吃驚的是，by surprise使驚慌 The question took the professor by surprise.122. in the market, on the marketin the market表示場所或地點，在市場上，on the market出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetabl

39、es are on the market now.123. through, acrossthrough穿越空間，across在上穿過 through the forest, across the desert124. on the way, in the wayon the way在前往的路上，in the way擋路 The chair is in the way.125. above, on, overabove在上面，不接觸，on在上面，接觸，over在正上方 fly over the hill126. until, notuntiluntil到為止， notuntil直到才（常跟點動

40、詞連用）I waited until 3:00. He didnt come until 3:00.127. besides, except, except forbesides除了還（包括在內(nèi)）except除了（不包括在內(nèi)），except for整體除了某一點以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.128. whether, if當(dāng)是否解時，只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換，其余都用whether，當(dāng)如果解時用if I dont know if/whether he will come. If he comes,

41、 Ill let you know.129. and, orand并且，or或者，否則，常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas.Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus.130. because, since, as, for原因由強到弱為：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)because 2) Since/as, 3) , for Since I was ill, I didnt go.131. when, as, while (表時間)when從句動詞點動詞，持續(xù)性動詞均可，as重在表示動作同時發(fā)生，伴隨進(jìn)行，while從句動詞為持續(xù)性動詞 While I slept, a thief broke in.132. the sameas, the samethatthe sameas和一樣的（相似但不同