中考英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件.ppt

1、What is the Passive Voice?,英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the Passive Voice),What is it?,A. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。,B. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,We speak English.,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),English is spoken by us.,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的

2、承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。,Many students study English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) English is studied by many students.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)),When to use it?,1. 當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。,2. 當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。,這本詞典被保存完好(不需要

3、說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)保存的) 。,這些書(shū)是在二十世紀(jì)二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)書(shū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)由誰(shuí)發(fā)現(xiàn)）,The dictionary is well kept.,These book were found in the 1920s.,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:,A note was passed up to the speaker.,1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者;,如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.,2.不需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者難以說(shuō)出或不必說(shuō)出.,如:Another bridge has be

4、en built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.,The Structure is,助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (be+P.P.),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had been done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： shall / will be

5、 done ; be going to be done 當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must / have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。,This book was written in 1969. 這本書(shū)是1969年寫(xiě)成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車(chē)正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。,The pen has b

6、een used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。,He said the factory had been opened . 他說(shuō)這家工廠已經(jīng)開(kāi)張。,The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。,The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。 如: The desk is made of wood. The desks ar

7、e made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.,在改寫(xiě)中應(yīng)注意： 1.把原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ); 2.把動(dòng)詞變成“be + 過(guò)去分詞”; 3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)。,典型題例例1 將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.,主變被解題步驟:,1. 找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者

8、,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).,are were,3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).,4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞,made,5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即by+ 主語(yǔ).,by them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were

9、broken by him.,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,am/are/is + 過(guò)去分詞,People play football all over the world. 2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.,Football all over the world .,We this term.,is played,by people,are taught (by Mr. Green),一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,was/were + 過(guò)去分詞,4. People built the Great Wall long ago. 5. Two years ago we u

10、sed the machinesto make shoes for children.,The Great Wall long ago.,Two years ago those machines shoes for children.,was built (by people),were used (by us) to make,一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,will / be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞,6. We will write a diary next class. 7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.,A diary next

11、 class.,A birthday party .,will be written (by us),is going to held by Tom,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,must/have to/can等 + be + 過(guò)去分詞,8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. 9. We have to finish our homework on time.,The broken pottery at once.,Our homework .,must be thrown away (by you),has to be finished

12、 (by us) on time,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman is called Mr Strong.,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,2. They bought ten computers la

13、st term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were +過(guò)去分詞,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： S+ ca

14、n/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .,“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,3.They will finish

15、 the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： S+ will+be+過(guò)去分詞,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are

16、+ being +過(guò)去分詞,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過(guò)去分詞,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,We ha

17、d received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by the end of last week.,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by them) the next day.,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their

18、classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on th

19、e floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finis

20、h our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on

21、the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be

22、,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,Answer right or wrong,1.必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be t

23、aken good care of .( ) 2.這本書(shū)是魯迅寫(xiě)的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.這輛自行車(chē)能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清

24、理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,They made shoes in that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They would make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in

25、that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were making shoes in that factory.,四幾種值得注意的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化,帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)結(jié)

26、構(gòu): （1）感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞(hear, see等)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) （2）使役動(dòng)詞(let, make等)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.,思 考 2：,12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning. She in the morning.,is usually heard to sing English

27、 songs,14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day. 15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.,is made to work,was let to go,口訣： 這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to 離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中to回 來(lái)。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch),help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The

28、old man was helped to clean the room.,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,三. 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),直接或 間接賓語(yǔ)都可做主語(yǔ),注意間接賓語(yǔ)前加 to或for. My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by m

29、y mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother. Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack.,帶有雙賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)既有人又有物）的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是: 1. 將間接賓語(yǔ)(人)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)不變。 2. 將直接賓語(yǔ)(物)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，一般要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter

30、by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw sing,for,I bought my brother a book.,思考1：將下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

31、,We gave him some books. He . Some books .,was given some books (by us),were given to him (by us),注意:,約翰打開(kāi)了收音機(jī)。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或副詞。,We must speak to old people po

32、litely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,必背！,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,類似的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that

33、.,We report,1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：,2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),have / fit,I have a TV set.

34、,The coat fits me well.,【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you,3)表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：,4.系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),這魚(yú)味道很好。,這條圍巾摸上去很軟。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after,4.某

35、些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。,這書(shū)很好賣(mài)。,這種布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,這書(shū)賣(mài)完了。,The book is sold out.,這塊表需要修理一下。,The watch needs mending .,=The watch needs to be mended.,=We need to mend the watch.,知 識(shí) 運(yùn) 用,一、單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C.

36、was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up,D,D,3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of

37、D. was taken care of 4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was giving,D,B,5. Mr. Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at,D,

38、二、請(qǐng)把下面句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. The 29th Olympic Games in 2008.,was showed,will be held by Beijing,3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . . 4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterd

39、ay. The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.,We are taught English by Miss Deng,was seen to play basketball,English is taught to us by Miss Deng,5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful.,should be made to become,練習(xí)：將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子。,The computer club held a

40、 writing competition(競(jìng)賽）. The fastest player finished the game in eight hours . We took many photos. They use this room for playing table tennis. The bank built a park for them.,A writing competition was held by the computer club.,The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours .,Many pho

41、tos were taken by us.,A park was built for them by the bank.,This room is used for playing table tennis by them.,中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考題 1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考題） A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ of

42、ten _from the library.(北京市中考題） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away 3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黃岡市中考題）,was told,4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市）變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ _ _ another man-made satellite into s

43、pace last week. 5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題） 6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考題） The vegetables _ _on the farm.,T,They sent up,were planted,are grown,一、選擇正確答案：,1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D

44、. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found 3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach

45、,C,B,A,B,二、用所給詞的正確形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the

46、 back of the card.,is covered,were returned,was invented,was answered,is called,are written,5)Exercises: 選擇填空: Windows_ of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. bee

47、n used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are

48、produced C. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1.Our school _in 2012.(開(kāi)辦) 2.The young trees must_well.(照顧) 3. _ this building_(建成)last year? 4.The book _ _(寫(xiě))by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989. 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,wa

49、s written,wasnt built,be held,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：,1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.,was fixed,are used,is pu

50、t,is spoken,be allowed,練習(xí)一 請(qǐng)把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句（注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致）,1. He wrote an article last week.,An article was written by him last week.,2. The people make history.,History is made by people.,3. Do people use Chinese only in China?,Is Chinese used by people only in China?,4. They didnt visit the city two years

51、ago.,The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.,5. Where did you make them?,Where were they made by you?,用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5. Some trees

52、_ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees should _(water) ofte

53、n.,made,asked,was written,was mended,have been planted,will be built,has been taken,have been sent,had been invited,are produced,be watered,Multiple Choice:,1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished,2. ( ) It was raining heavily ou

54、tside, the children were made _ in the classroom.,4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw,5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden,D,B,B,A,3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.,A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing