英語語音：U12 ,14 English Intonation I.ppt

1、Unit 12 & 14 English Intonation (I),Intonation (語調) / tune (調子),Intonation: the rise and fall of the voice during speech. Three commonly-seen tunes in English: A. the falling tune 降調 B. the rising tune 升調 C: the falling-rising tune 降升調,Two transcription systems of English intonation:,The first syste

2、m: dots and curves represent stressed syllables represent unstressed syllables curves pitch movement upper and lower limit of ones voice Examples:,The second system: strokes (筆畫) and lines the stressed syllable of the important word (=stressed content or sometimes function word) % the stressed sylla

3、ble before the first important word, or right after the fall. the fall the rise the fall-rise,Some Examples:,The falling tune (降調),1.If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. No.), in the word group, the voice falls within the syllable. 2. If the word has more than one syllabl

4、e (e.g. Excellent.), the voice either falls within the stressed syllable or jumps down from that syllable to the next.,3. If there is more than one word in the word group (e.g. There were so many people there with her.), (1) the stressed syllable of the first important word is the highest in pitch (

5、句中第一個關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)的音高最高 ). (2) the stressed syllable of the next important word is a little lower than the previous one in pitch (第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之后，其他關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)，其音高依次遞降 ). (3) all the following unstressed syllables are on the same pitch with the previous important word (每兩個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之間的非重讀音節(jié)的音高，和前面一個重讀音節(jié)的音高相同 ). (

6、4) all syllables before the first important word are low (第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之前的所有音節(jié)都聲調低平). (5) all syllables after the last important word are low (最后一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之后的所有音節(jié)都聲調低平). (6) the fall occurs at the last stressed syllable (在最后一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)上降調),總之，降調的特點是頭(第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之前)尾(最后一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之后)低平，第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)音調最高，在最后一個關鍵重

7、讀音節(jié)上降調，中間各關鍵詞的音高按樓梯狀遞降。 圖示：, ,Falling tune:,It was a very cold day. _ _,You neednt have told him. _ _,Intonation Marking: Falling tune Its MINE. It was NINE OCLOCK. I was in LONDON on SUNDAY. Hes STUDYING FRENCH. She was GOING AWAY. Well GO for a WALK. He WANTS some BEEF. Im afraid I CANT. START DOI

8、NG it NOW.,COME to the BLACKBOARD. WRITE it TO MORROW. WHO is COMING to DINNER? WHO is GIVING us a TALK? WHEN will you be READY? WHAT would you LIKE? WHERE are the KIDS STAYING? WHY are you LEAVING in such a HURRY? HOW was the WEEKEND? WHOSE BOOK are you READING? WHICH BUS did you TAKE?,The rising t

9、une (升調),1. If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. Two.), in the word group, the voice rises from a low pitch to just above the middle of the voice. 2. If the last important word is followed by one or many other syllables, the stressed syllable of the last important word is

10、 low, and each following syllable is a little higher, the last one being on a fairly high note.(若句子最后一個關鍵詞后有其他音節(jié)，從最后一個關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)開始，逐個詞升調) (e.g. Have you posted it to him?). 總之，升調的特點是，頭(第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之前) 低平，第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)音調最高，中間各關鍵詞的音高按樓梯狀下降，從最后一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)開始升調，到句末升到中等音高的位置。 圖示：, ,Rising tune:,It was a very cold

11、day. _ _,You neednt have told him. _ _,Intonation Marking: Rising tune Are you HUNGRY? Are they NEW here? Would you LIKE some? Can I SIT here? Are they COMING? Were they LATE last NIGHT? Do you WORK for the NEWS? Do you WORK in the EVENING?,Did I HEAR you CORRECTLY? Are you LOOKING for a CAR? Can I

12、TRY it OUT? Did you DO it on the COMPUTER? Are you TAKING a VACATION in the SUMMER? Do you WANT some YOGURT? Did he SEE his FRIEND? Are your PARENTS THROWING a PARTY for your BIRTHDAY? Did you HEAR her YESTERDAY? Do you BELIEVE it? Did you TAKE the JOB?,The falling-rising tune (降升調),1.（單音節(jié)詞的降升調讀法） I

13、f there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. Five.), the voice falls from rather high to low, and then a rise to the middle of the voice.,Five,2. （多音節(jié)詞的降升調讀法） If there is only one word, which has more than one syllable (e.g. twenty ) (e.g. Seventy ) , the falling part takes place

14、on the nuclear syllable, and the rising part takes place towards the end of the syllables after the nucleus and extends up to the last syllable of all. （注：降調開始之處，即為調核nucleus）,3. （詞組的降升調讀法）In a word group, if the stressed syllable of the last important word is followed by one or several unstressed sy

15、llables, the fall is on the stressed syllable of the last important word and the rise is on the last syllable of all (e.g. Seventy of them.) （如果一個詞組中，最后一個關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)后面跟著幾個非重讀音節(jié)，那么降調和升調分開，在這個重讀音節(jié)開始降調，在最后一個非重讀音節(jié)上升調。） （注：該種情況，調核nucleus在最后一個實詞的重讀音節(jié)上）,4. （句子的降升調讀法）在采用降升調的句子中，調核可以處于句子最后一個實詞的重讀音節(jié)上，例如： 但是有時候會根

16、據強調信息的需要而發(fā)生前移。例如：,總之，一般情況下，降升調的特點是，頭(第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)之前) 低平，第一個關鍵詞重讀音節(jié)音調最高，中間各關鍵詞的音高按樓梯狀下降，在最后一個關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)開始降調，到最后一個重讀音節(jié)(若沒有，就是全句最后一個音節(jié))開始升調，到句末升到中等音高的位置。 圖示：, ,總結：,Intonation Marking: Falling-rising tune THATS GOOD. Its BEAUTIFUL. TRY it. PLEASE. USUALLY. He USED to. Well WAIT. Well WAIT for TOM. Well WAIT

17、 for TOM.（和前面一句話對比，調核提前，強調信息不同） I said NOW.,Theyd AR RIVED. I can READ it. TOM is going to STAY. Ive got some LETTERS to WRITE. Hes CLEVER. Its IM POSSIBLE. The TEACHERS are COMING. Im afraid I CANT. NOBODY is LEAVING. SUNDAY will DO. It SOUNDS WONDERFUL.,To sum up:,The English intonation of an Engl

18、ish sentence containing a number of level tones takes the form of a slowly descending series of stressed syllables interspersed with unstressed ones. 總之，在英式英語中，句子的第一個關鍵詞的重讀音節(jié)是最高音，然后句子主體的語調是逐漸降調（gradual descent），首先每個詞組word group中，重讀音節(jié)后面跟著幾個音高相同的弱讀音節(jié)，然后許多這樣的詞組（重讀音節(jié)+幾個同音高的弱讀音節(jié)）連在一起構成句子，每個詞組中的重音音節(jié)的音調都比前個