課外作業(yè)參考答案.ppt

1、課后作業(yè)參考答案,Exercise for Lesson 1: Chemical Inductry,1. complete the summary of the text (1) the Industrial Revolution (2) organic chemical (3) contact process (4) Haber process (5) synthetic polymers (6) intermediates,(7) artificial fertilizers (8) crop protection chemicals (9) technology (10) pharmac

2、eutical (11) research and development (12) petrochemical (13) automatic controll equipment (14) capital rather-than-labor intensive,3. Put the following into Chinese carbonate（碳酸鹽）polypropylene（聚丙烯） epoxy（環(huán)氧基）vinyl（乙烯基） acetate（醋酸鹽） pharmaceutical（藥物的） spectrum（光譜）formaldehyde（甲醛） silica（硅石）ammonium

3、（銨離子） polyester（聚酯） the lions share（大份額）,4. Put the following into English 鈉 Na (sodium)鉀 K(potassium) 磷 P (phosphur)氨 (ammonia) 聚合物 (polymer)聚乙烯 (polyethylene) 氯化物 (chloride)粘度 (viscosity) 烴(hydrocarbon)催化劑 (catalyst) 煉油廠 (refinery)添加劑 (additives),Supplementary Exercise 1: Nomenclature of Some Chem

4、ical Elements,1. 氫原子的英文名稱是什么含義？ 答案：氫原子的英文名稱hydrogen是由hydro（水）+ gen（產(chǎn)生）合成的單詞，表示“水之來源”。 2. 氦的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：氦原子的英文名稱helium，首次被從太陽光譜分析中確認(rèn)，使用希臘神話中太陽神“Helios”的名字命名。,3. 鈉原子的英文名稱是什么？鈉的元素符號為什么不是英文名稱的第一個字母？ 答案：鈉原子的英文名稱sodium來源于阿拉伯語suda，而鈉的元素符號來源于它的拉丁文名稱natron的第一個字母，所以有不同的表示。 4. 磷的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：磷原子的英文名

5、稱phosphorus是由phos（光）+ phor（fer帶來）的合成詞，表示“帶來光”之意。反映出有些磷化合物在黑暗中發(fā)光的事實(shí)。,5. 鉀元素的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？說出鉀原子的元素符號來源。 答案：鉀的英文名稱為potassium，而potash 是pot（鍋）和ash（灰）的合成詞，意為草木灰。鉀的元素符號取自拉丁文名 kalium。 6. 鈦元素的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：鈦元素的英文名稱為titanium，是根據(jù)希臘神話故事中由天王（Uranus）和地母（Gaea）的巨人兒子泰坦Titan的名字命名。,7. 鉻的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：鉻的英文名稱是c

6、hromium，由于它在氧化狀態(tài)下呈現(xiàn)紫、紅、黃、綠等顏色。所以以希臘語中表示顏色的詞“chroma”將其命名。 8. 為什么鐵原子的英文名稱和元素符號不一致？ 答案：英語iron是從拉丁語的礦石 aes 中得來，德語的eisen是由于鐵的光澤和冰 eis 相似而得來。元素符號Fe來自拉丁語“堅(jiān)硬”（firrus）?；瘜W(xué)用語ferrous（Fe2+)及ferric（Fe3+）均由此派生。,9. 鎵元素的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：鎵元素的英文名稱為gallium，它是以法國的拉丁語名（Gallia）命名。 10. 硒的英文名稱是什么？有什么含義？ 答案：硒的英文名稱為selenium，

7、它的命名源于希臘語中的月亮女神（Selene）。 11. 溴元素的英文名稱是什么？它有什么含義？ 答案：溴元素的英文名稱為bromine，起初是從鹽湖水中分離出紅黑色液體元素，取名 muride,（海水中的東西），卻未被采用。后來以希臘語中表示“刺激臭”， “惡臭”之意的（bromos）為詞源命名。 12. 惰性氣體氪的英文名稱是什么，它有什么含義？ 答案：氪的英文名稱為krypton，得自液體空氣慢慢蒸發(fā)的殘留液中，分析表明除大部分是氬外，還“隱藏”了比氬分子質(zhì)量更大的氣體。用希臘語中“隱藏”（kryptos）命名。,Exercises for Lesson 2: Research and

8、Development,1. Complete the summary of the text (1) R they are held every two years. (A) semiannual(B) biennial 2. You may vote “yes” or “no”, if you wish, you may _A_ . (A) abstain(B) adjoin,3. Many boys at one time or another want to become firemen, but few of them actually enter that _B_ . (A) av

9、ocation(B) vocation 4. The flight was delayed because of _A_ weather. (A) adverse(B) averse 5. The American Revolution (1775) _B_ the French Revolution (1789) by fourteen years. (A) postdated(B) antedated,6. An imminent event belongs to the _C_ . (A) recent past(B) present(C) near future(D) dim past

10、(E) distant future 7. Bob is not exclusive, he _B_ . (A) tries hard(B) make friend easily (C) come on time(D) keep to himself (E) prepares his homework,8. Captain John Smith was spared when Pocahontas _A_ in his behalf. (A) intervened(B) contravened(C) intersected(D) implicated(E) intercepted 9. In

11、an intraparty dispute, none of the participants are _E_ . (A) members(B) entirely right (C) stubborn(D) all wrong(E) outsiders,10. There was no intermission in the fighting except for one _D_ . (A) UN protest(B) minor skirmish (C) surprise attach (D) there-day truce (E) shipment of the Allies 11. Th

12、e overeager student shouted out the answer, unable to inhibit his _C_ . (A) disappointment(B) apprehension (C) enthusiasm(D) anger(E) curiosity,12. The patient was in the hospital from November 23 to December 3, inclusive, a period of _E_ days. (A) twelve(B) nine(C) ten(D) thirteen (E) eleven 13. In

13、 next weeks debate, Sheila will argue on the contra, or _A_ , side of the question. (A) negative(B) extraneous(C) intrinsic (D) controversial(E) positive,14. Quarrelsome neighbors rarely _C_ one anothers views. (A) countermand(B) censure(C) advocate (D) invoke(E) contradict 15. A number of members a

14、sked me to intercede, but I refused to act as a (an) _D_ . (A) understudy(B) insurgent(C) adversary (D) go-between(E) adheret,Exercise for Lesson 5: Ammonia, Nitric Acid & Urea ( from the Text Book Unit 7),1. Completing the follow paragraph about the ammonia synthesis process: (1) kinetically inert

15、(2) iron compound (3) exothermic (4) one-pass yield (5) efficiency,(6) lower pressures (7) higher temperatures (8) capital (9) energy (10) methane and water (11) carbondioxide (12) gas stream (13) shift reaction (14) methane (15) 3:1,3. Put the following into Chinese: soda ash（蘇打灰 或 純堿） refractory（耐

16、火的） silicate（硅酸鹽）chromatography（色譜） mercury（汞 或 水銀）alkaline（堿性的） desulphurisation（脫硫）membrane（膜） anode（陽極）cathode（陰極） contaminate（污染）inert（惰性的）,4. Put the following into English: 電解 (electrolysis)分解 (decomposition) 復(fù)分解 (metathesis) 還原 (reduction or restoration) 沉淀 (precipitation or sedimentation) 結(jié)晶

17、 (crystallization)過濾 (filtration) 吸收 (adsorption)溶解度 (solubility) 溶度積 (solubility product)放熱的 (exothermic) 平衡 (equilibrium or balance),Supplementary Material 5: English Vocabulary from Latin Prefixes and Roots (2),Choose the correct answer which has similar meaning to the expression in italics from

18、each of the following questions. _C_ 1. painful interlude (A) delay(B) dispute(C) interval (D) intermediary,_B_ 2. deeply implicated (A) sorry(B) involved(C) indebted (D) hurt _D_ 3. counter to expectation look forward(B) respond (C) appeal(D) contrary _A_ 4. exclusive owner (A) sole(B) wealthy(C) r

19、ightful (D) principal,_B_ 5. nearly excised (A) inserted(B) removed (C) inscribed(D) repaired _C_ 6. evoked protests disregarded(B) contradicted (C) elicited(D) banned _D_ 7. intrinsic character inclusive(B) extraneous (C) unusual(D) essential,_C_ 8. uninhibited response (A) untruthful(B) angry (C)

20、unrestrained(D) thoughtful _B_ 9. impending downfall recent(B) imminent (C) noteworthy(D) disastrous _A_ 10. not impelled (A) forced(B) intercepted (C) explained(D) expelle,_C_ 11. immaculate record (A) imperfect(B) dispassionate (C) faultless(D) unbeatable _C_ 12. irrevocable mistake (A) minor(B) n

21、atural (C) unforgivable(D) past recall _B_ 13. easily distracted (A) upset(B) diverted (C) abused(D) averted,_C_ 14. incessant chatter (A) worthless(B) noisy (C) unceasing(D) illogical _D_ 15. benevolent despot (A) lavish(B) inhospitable (C) wise(D) kind _A_ 16. without deviating (A) straying(B) sec

22、eding (C) stopping(D) hurrying,_B_ 17. wide discrepancy (A) reduction(B) variation (C) increase(D) agreement _C_ 18. inflexible stand (A) immature(B) pliable (C) obstinate(D) defenseless _D_ 19. completely deranged (A) enervated(B) demolished (C) unnerved(D) demented,_C_ 20. never secure (A) in dang

23、er(B) separate (C) safe(D) obtained,Exercise for Lesson 6: Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering (from the Text Book Unit 13),Complete the summary of the text. Choose no more than three words from the passage for each answer. 1. complex 2. unit operations 3. identical 4. A. D. Little,5. fluid flow

24、 6. membrane separation 7. crystallization 8. filtration 9. material balance 10. equilibrium stage model,3. Put the following into Chinese: lixiviation（浸提）filter aid（助濾劑） flammability（易燃性）isotope（同位素） sedimentation（沉積）settling（沉降） correlation（相關(guān)性）funnel（漏斗） baffle（擋板） agglomeration（附聚 或 凝聚） configur

25、ation（構(gòu)造）tangentially（成切線） droplet（小滴）vortex（漩渦） drag（拽力）holdup（滯留量）,4. Put the following into English: 溶解 (dissolution)溶液 (solution) 溶質(zhì) (solute)溶劑 (solvent) 平衡級 (equilibrium stage) 不互溶的 (immiscible) 浸取 (leaching)過濾 (filtration) 提純 (purification) 板框壓濾機(jī) (plate and frame pressing filtering extruder),旋

26、風(fēng)分離器 (cyclone separator) 逆流 (counter current),Exercise for Supplementary Material (6) Prefixes from Anglo Sax A Brief Review of English Words from Greek Roots,1. Choose one word whose meaning is irrelevant to other three in each question. (1) -D- (A) careful(B) alert(C) wary(D) upstart (2) -B- (A) a

27、pproaching(B) foreshadowing (C) forthcoming(D) upcoming (3) -A- (A) undeceived(B) beguiled (C) misled(D) misinformed,(4) -B- (A) biased(B) underprivileged (C) prejudiced(D) unfair (5) -B- (A) unmask(B) ungag (C) expose(D) unveil (6) -C- (A) abridged(B) incomplete (C) uncut(D) shortened,(7) -A- (A) r

28、eleased(B) shackled (C) restrained(D) confined (8) -C- (A) withdraw(B) unresponsive (C) underdeveloped(D) unsociable (9) -D- (A) destroy(B) eradicate (C) uproot(D) unscramble,(10) -C- (A) underscore(B) underline (C) understudy(D) emphasize (11) -C- (A) ancestor(B) forefather (C) descendant(D) forebe

29、ar (12) -D- (A) outlived(B) survived (C) outlasted(D) outwitted,(13) -C- (A) principal(B) foremost (C) latest(D) chief (14) -B- (A) misgiving(B) blunder (C) foreboding(D) presentiment (15) -A- (A) overcast(B) overburden (C) overload(D) overtax,(16) -A- (A) luck(B) foresight (C) prudence(D) forethoug

30、ht (17) -C- (A) output(B) yield (C) surrender(D) product (18) -D- (A) misfortune(B) mishap (C) mischance(D) mistrust,(19) -A- (A) overbearing(B) beguiling (C) deluding(D) misleading (20) -D- (A) prediction(B) prophecy (C) forecast(D) fortune 2. Match the left column with the right one for the next p

31、age.,Exercise for Lesson 7: Chemical Industry and Environment ( from the Text Book Unit 21),1. Complete the summary of the text, by choosing No More Than Three Words from the paasage for each answer. (1). knowledge of chemical transformation (2). straptospheric ozone layer (3). acid rain (4). enviro

32、nmentally friendly products,(5). biodegradable (6). harmful by-products (7). efficiently (8). more than one pollutant (9). plastics (10). recycled or disposed (11). acid waste solutions (12). organic compounds,(13). membrane technology (14). biotechnology (15). microorganisms 3. Put the following in

33、to Chinese: stratosphere（平流層）troposphere（對流層） CFC（chlorofluorocarbon) (氯氟碳化物 或 氯氟代烴） bombardment（轟炸）,devastate（毀壞）remediation（補(bǔ)救） on-site（現(xiàn)場的）microbe（微生物） insecticide（殺蟲劑）coax（哄騙） domain（領(lǐng)域）retrenchment（緊縮） ubiquitous（無處不在的） pervasive（彌漫的） serviceability（實(shí)用性） prevail（奏效）,4. Put the following into English: 紫外的 (ultraviolet)臭氧 (ozone) 可生物降解的 (biodegradable) 烷基苯磺酸鹽 (alkylbenzene sulfonate) 污水 (waste water or sewage) 溫室效應(yīng) (greenhouse effect) 污染 (c