主謂一致和特殊句式.ppt

1、語法精講系列（七） 主謂一致和特殊句式,1. (2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：所有的科學證據(jù)表明在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中越來越多地使用化學物品正在損害我們的健康。evidence為不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；題干中的第二個空的主語是use，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故D項正確。

2、,2. (2011江蘇高考)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：仍然有很多人在公共場所吸煙, 這樣的事實表明我們或許需要一場全國性的運動來提高人們對吸煙的危害的認識。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the fact后that

3、引導的是同位語從句，空格后的that從句則是謂語動詞suggest的賓語從句；主語是the fact，故排除A、D兩項；結(jié)合從句的時態(tài)可知主句要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選B項。,3. (2011安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：工廠用了這種原材料的65%，剩余部分節(jié)省出來留作他用。定語從句中先行詞是the raw materials，故定語從句

4、應與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致，用復數(shù)，上文時態(tài)為過去時，故選D。,4. (2012陜西高考)The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are 【解析】選B?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：比賽后不久，那位籃球教練和他的隊員們因為他們的出色表現(xiàn)而受到了采訪。根據(jù)句意可知事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用過去時，排除C和D兩項。主語后接as well as短語作插入語時，謂語動詞形式不受其

5、影響。這里的主語The basketball coach是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞應該用單數(shù)，B項符合題意。,5. (2010全國卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：Barbara很容易被認出來，因為她是那些婦女中唯一穿晚禮服的人。首先the only one of. . . 為先行詞時, 定語從句修飾的是one, 即one是主語, 而非后面的

6、復數(shù)women, 根據(jù)主謂一致的原則, 謂語動詞應該用單數(shù), 排除A、D兩項。另外, 從 “is”可以看出句子用一般現(xiàn)在時, 排除C, 故選B。,6. (2010湖南高考)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：在青少年中，在搖滾音樂會上聽噪音太大的音樂已經(jīng)導致聽力喪失。根據(jù)動名詞短語作主語句子的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 可排除B、D兩項, 根據(jù)主語與caused的主動關(guān)系, 排除A項。

7、,7. (2010四川高考)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is; are 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：像莎士比亞那樣的詩人在世界范圍內(nèi)擁有大量的讀者，但是，他的一些作品卻很難理解。主句中的主語應為poets, 謂語動詞用復數(shù), 其后的非限制性定語從句的主語應為some of whose works, 謂語動詞也應是復數(shù)。故選A。,8. (山東高考)The nu

8、mber of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：自從1997年以來，上中國大學的外國學生數(shù)量一直在穩(wěn)定增長。主語是 the number, 故謂語動詞用單數(shù), 又因時間狀語是since 1997，所以用完成時態(tài)。故選C。,9. (四川高考)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading

9、Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：那位老師跟學生們正在討論閱讀技能，這本書在美國剛剛出版。A together with B作主語時，謂語動詞與A的單復數(shù)保持一致；第二空為定語從句，that指代Reading Skills, 由于Reading Skills是書名所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選D。,10. (陜西高考)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ vis

10、it Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：史密斯博士還有他的妻子和女兒們準備今年夏天去北京參觀。主語中心詞是Dr. Smith, 表單數(shù), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；時間狀語是this summer, 表將來, 故時態(tài)用一般將來時, 選A。,11. (江西高考)At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a

11、 lot of jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. was 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：目前，人們贊成建一座新機場的理由之一是它將給這個地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機會。句中的in favor of the new airport是介詞短語作后置定語，修飾arguments。根據(jù)句中的one of可知謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，再結(jié)合at present可判斷用一般現(xiàn)在時。故A項正確。,12. (湖南高考)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tom

12、orrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：明天的會議可以是你或你的學生們中的一個去參加。either . . . or. . . . 連接兩個主語, 按就近原則來確定謂語的單復數(shù)。根據(jù)one of your students 謂語應用單數(shù)形式，故選B。,13. (2012江西高考)Never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A. had she B. she had C. has she D. she has 【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b句。句意：她從

13、來沒見過有人打網(wǎng)球打得和羅伯特一樣好。 Never放于句首，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，從后面的can可以看出是描寫現(xiàn)在的情況，用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，這里用完成時，表示到現(xiàn)在為止，故選C。,14. (2012山東高考)I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. _. I cant stand all this rain. A. I dont care B. Its hard to say C. So am I D. I hope so,【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b句。句意：我不知道你感覺怎么樣，但我討厭這種天氣。我也是。我無法忍受整天下

14、雨。當表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時候，后者用倒裝的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither構(gòu)成。根據(jù)后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此處與上一句中的Im sick and tired of this weather表達同樣的感受，因此應該用So am I，表示“我也是”。故選C。,15. (2012重慶高考)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought. A. does he even give B. he even gives C. will

15、 he even give D. he will even give 【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b句。句意：校長不會允許改變課程，將來也不會考慮的。否定詞“nor”位于句首，句子應該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而且根據(jù)語境空白處應使用一般將來時，C選項符合題意。,16. (2012遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad. A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider 【解析】選D

16、。考查倒裝句。句意：他直到三年前從教育行業(yè)退休才考慮到國外旅行。Not until位于句首時句子要倒裝，排除A、C兩項，consider having a holiday abroad這個動作發(fā)生在retire之后，排除B項。故選D。,17. (2012四川高考)This is not my story, nor _ the whole story. My story plays out differently. A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is 【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b句。句意：這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局與這不

17、同。nor位于句首引起部分倒裝，排除B、D兩項；再根據(jù)句意選代詞it。故答案選C。,18. (2012天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake. A. did she notice B. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has noticed 【解析】選A?？疾榈寡b句。句意：瑪麗直到再一次讀了自己的作文后才注意到這處拼寫錯誤。only放在句首，引導狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的句子用倒裝，敘述過去的事情，用過去時，故選A。,19. (2011江蘇

18、高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so 【解析】選D。考查省略和替代。句意：聽起來汽車的發(fā)動機好像有問題。如果這樣的話，我們最好立刻把它送到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關(guān)系。otherwise否則，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因為那樣；if so若是這樣。根據(jù)句意，D項最佳。,20. (20

19、12湖南高考)It was not until I came here _ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. before 【解析】選B?？疾閺娬{(diào)句。句意：直到來到這兒我才意識到這個地方出名不僅僅是因為它的美麗，還因為它的氣候。把it was及空去掉，可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個完整的句子。且這是表示“直到才”的句型之一：it was not until. . . that. . . 。故選B。,21. (2012重慶高考)It wa

20、s 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since 【解析】選B?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型。句意：在克里斯托弗哥倫布橫跨大西洋的80年前，鄭和就航行到了東非。句子雖然比較長，但是其主干為強調(diào)句型，是對“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”進行了強調(diào)，由此可知，空白處應該填寫that。因此正確答案為B選項。,22. (2

21、012北京高考) _ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock 【解析】選A?？疾槠硎咕洹＞湟猓赫堅谶M入我房間前先敲門。本句沒有主語，屬于發(fā)出指令，是祈使句，所以要用動詞原形。故選A。,23. (2012江蘇高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _? A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he 【解析】選A。考查反意疑問句。句意：毫

22、無疑問你認為他是無辜的，對嗎？根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little，所以反意疑問句用肯定形式，其主謂應與陳述部分的主謂保持一致，故選A項。,24. (2011上海高考)It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _? A. doesnt it B. does it C. dont they D. do they 【解析】選B?？疾榉匆庖蓡柧?。句意：他們是否想來參加你的聚會無關(guān)緊要，是嗎？對“It doesnt matter if+從句”句型進行反意疑問，需要針對主句進行反問，故選B。,25. (2011重慶高考

23、)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _? A. could he B. didnt I C. didnt you D. could they 【解析】 選B?？疾榉匆庖蓡柧?。句意：我告訴過他們并不是每個人都能跑得像你那么快，難道不是嗎？含有賓語從句的主從復合句，反意疑問句常與主句保持一致，本句的主句為一般過去時的肯定形式，故選B。,一、主謂一致,二、特殊句式 考點 1 倒裝句的2種類型 考查指數(shù),+be +主 語,+though /as+主謂 結(jié)構(gòu),考點 2 省略句的5種類型 考查指數(shù),考點3 強調(diào)的2種類型 考查指

24、數(shù),考點4 強調(diào)句型與3大從句的辨析 考查指數(shù),考點5 其他重要的特殊句式 考查指數(shù),【模擬題組】 1. (2013南昌模擬)More than one worker _ sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years. A. is B. has been C. are D. have been,【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：在過去的三年里，有許多工人被派往培訓中心去提高工作技能。本句中，主語是More than one worker，謂語用單數(shù)形式。由后面的時間狀語in

25、 the past three years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。,2. (2013濰坊模擬)Paper money _ for over a thousand years. A. have been used B. has been used C. are used D. is using 【解析】選B。考查主謂一致。句意：紙幣已經(jīng)應用了一千多年了。money 為不可數(shù)名詞，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)，又由“for. . . years”可知用完成時，所以選B。,3. (2013濟南模擬)As the saying goes， “No news _ good news. ” A. are B. i

26、s C. has D. be 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：正如諺語所說，“沒有消息，就是好消息?！币騨ews為不可數(shù)名詞，表示單數(shù)意義，所以答案為B。,4. (2013秦皇島模擬) I who _ your English teacher will do my best to help you with your study. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：我，作為你們的英語老師，會盡力在學習上幫助你們。定語從句的謂語動詞與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。先行詞是I，因此定語從句的謂語動詞用am。故選A。,5. (2013南通模擬) Did

27、 you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited. A. were B. have been C. has been D. was 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：你昨晚去看展出了嗎？是的，這里的所有男孩、女孩都受到了邀請。根據(jù)時間狀語last night可以排除B、C兩項。every/each/no名詞and every/each/no 名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,6. (2013銀川模擬)The atmosphere is as much a part of the

28、 earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. has B. do C. is D. are 【解析】選D。考查主謂一致。句意：大氣就像土壤及湖泊、河流、海洋里的水一樣，都是地球的一部分。此處soil and water，并列作主語，故用謂語動詞are。,7. (2013連云港模擬)Chen Fang, as well as her two colleagues, _ on a trip to Tibet in a month. A. goes B. go C. is going D. are going 【

29、解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致及時態(tài)。句意：陳芳跟她的兩個同事，準備一個月后去西藏旅行。此處Chen Fang是主語，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)；根據(jù)in a month可知用將來時。故選C。,8. (2013臨沂模擬)A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers. A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：我們的英語老師，也是班主任，正在給我們講工人志愿者的事。本句主語指的是同一個人，即英語老師兼

30、班主任，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選B。,9. (2013淄博模擬)Our monitor said to our English teacher, “All _ present and all _ going on well. ” A. is； is B. are； are C. are； is D. is； are 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：班長對我們英語老師說：“大家都在這兒，一切進展順利?！钡谝粋€“all”指人，意思為“所有的人，大家”，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)；第二個“all”表示事物，指“一切情況”，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選C。,10. (2013東營模擬)The young _ eat

31、en up almost everything; one and a half bananas _ left on the table. A. is; are B. are; is C. has; have been D. have; has been 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。 句意：年輕人幾乎把一切東西都吃完了，桌上只剩下一個半香蕉?！皌he young”指一類人(年輕人)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；“一個半香蕉”后謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選D。,11. (2013合肥模擬)A survey of the opinions of experts that _ three hours of outdoo

32、r exercise a week _ good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：來自專家的意見調(diào)查表明，一周三個小時的戶外鍛煉有益于身體健康。第一個空的主語是survey, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)；后面的主語是three hours of outdoor exercise, 看作整體，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)，故選B。,12. (2013安慶模擬)“All _ here, and all I want to tell you _ that her condition i

33、s greatly improved. ” our teacher said. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：“大家都在這兒了，我想告訴你們的是她的狀況已經(jīng)得到了很大的改善?！崩蠋熣f道。第一個all指人，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；第二個all指事情，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選B。,13. (2013南昌模擬) The singer and dancer _ come to the party tonight. A. is to B. are to C. are going to D. was to 【解析】選A?？疾橹?/p>

34、謂一致。句意：這位歌手兼舞蹈演員今晚會來參加晚會。the singer and dancer指一個人所兼的兩個稱謂，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選A。,14. (2013蘭州模擬)The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world. A. are B. is C. have D. has 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：中國的人口比世界上其他任何國家的人口都多。當population單獨作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如Eighty percent of the po

35、pulation of this country are farmers. 這個國家百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。故選B。,15. (2013鄭州模擬)The writer and teacher Smith _ through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney. A. have gone B. had gone C. went D. has gone 【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的成敗。由句中since可知主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語表示史密斯身兼兩職，故選D。,16. (2

36、013石家莊模擬)Not until one of his works was published _ to gain his confidence in writing. A. he was able B. was he able C. he had been able D. had he been able 【解析】選B?？疾榈寡b句。句意：直到他的一部作品出版，他才對寫作有了自信。此處not until引導的時間狀語從句放在句首，主句部分倒裝，敘述過去事實，用一般過去時，故選B。,17. (2013上饒模擬)Nowhere else _ your fortune except where

37、the economy is booming. A. you can make B. have you made C. you will make D. can you make 【解析】選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意：除了經(jīng)濟繁榮的地方，你沒有其他地方可以賺錢。此處nowhere放在句首，主句部分倒裝，所以選D。,18. (2013邯鄲模擬)How terrible it is today! _. A very bad day for swimming, isnt it? A. So it is B. So is it C. Nor it is D. Nor is it 【解析】選A。句意：今天天氣

38、多糟糕?。〉拇_是。不是游泳的好天氣，是嗎？此處表示肯定上句的內(nèi)容，用So it is。故選A。,19. (2013遂寧模擬)By no means _ true that all native speakers of English know their own language very well. A. is that B. that is C. is it D. it is 【解析】選C?？疾椴糠值寡b句。句意：所有以英語為母語的人都對他們的語言很了解這種說法是不對的。否定短語by no means置于句首時，主句用部分倒裝，it是形式主語，故選C。,20. (2013南昌模擬)Just

39、in front of our house _ with a history of 1, 000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands 【解析】選B?？疾橥耆寡b。句意：就在我們房子前面有棵樹，有一千年的歷史了。介詞短語引導的地點狀語放在句首，句子常用完全倒裝。stand為不及物動詞，a tall tree作主語，全部倒裝形式為B項。,21. (2013鄭州模擬) Will you go to see the movie Th

40、e Lion Roars tomorrow evening? No, I am going to a lecture, or at least I am planning _. A. to B. so C. go D. that 【解析】選A。考查省略的用法。句意：明晚你去看電影河東獅吼嗎？不，我要去聽一個報告，或者說我至少打算去聽。I am planning to是I am planning to go to a lecture的省略，to后面的部分省略，故選A。,22. (2013江西模擬) You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterda

41、y evening. Yes, I know I _. A. ought to have B. have to C. should D. must have 【解析】選A?？疾槭÷杂梅ā＞湟猓鹤蛲砟銘撓驕返狼浮Ｊ堑?，我知道自己昨晚應該道歉。此處全句應為I know I ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening. , 在含有ought to句子的簡略回答中， 表示過去動作的have不能省略。故選A。,23. (2013煙臺模擬)You should apologize to her，Barry. _，but its not

42、going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to 【解析】選A?？疾槭÷越Y(jié)構(gòu)。句意：Barry，你該向她道歉。我也這么認為，但是不容易做到。此題是簡略答語，用so來代替上文所說的情況，用于肯定答復。選A。,24. (2013青島模擬)Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. _？ Thats his third one in just one month. A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he 【解析】

43、選B。考查省略。句意：杰克前幾天買了部新手機。是嗎？那是他一個月內(nèi)買的第三部手機了。由上文用了一般過去時可知，后句也應用一般過去時，用助動詞代替，所以用did。故選B。,25. (2013吉林模擬)_ made Daisy wild with joy? Her success in the A-level exam this year. A. How was it that B. When was it that C. Why was it that D. What was it that 【解析】選D?？疾閺娬{(diào)句式的特殊疑問句。句意：什么讓Daisy高興得近于發(fā)瘋了？她今年成功通過了A級考試

44、。此處強調(diào)主語成分，而答語“Her success in the A-level exam this year. ”作主語，相當于問句中的what。故選D。,26. (2013菏澤模擬)It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 【解析】選D?？疾閺娬{(diào)句。句意：直到我們在一起待了幾周我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有許多共同點。It

45、was. . . that. . . 構(gòu)成強調(diào)句，對not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks進行強調(diào)。去掉it was和that句子仍能成立并且意義完整，故選D。,27. (2013蘭州模擬)David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course. A. that B. what C. why D. how 【解析】選A?？疾閺娬{(diào)句。句意：大衛(wèi)說因為他對文學興趣很濃厚，所以才選擇了這門課程。此句包括了“i

46、t was被強調(diào)的原因狀語that”句型結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。,28. (2013貴州師大附中模擬) The girl spent as much time surfing the Internet as she _ shopping. A. had B. did C. was D. would 【解析】選B?？疾樘娲挠梅?。句意：這個女孩上網(wǎng)花費的時間和買東西的時間一樣多。此處did替代spent，保持時態(tài)一致，故選B。,29. (2013濰坊模擬)When youve finished with that book，dont forget to put it back on the shelf， _ ？ A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you 【解析】選C?？疾槠硎咕涞姆匆庖蓡柧?。句意：當你看完那本書時，不要忘記把它放回到架子上去，好嗎？否定祈使句的反意疑問句應用“will you？”，屬于固定用法。故選C。,30. (2013菏澤模擬)Help others whenever you ca