Robert Frost 及其詩(shī)三首的介紹分析.ppt

1、Robert Frost,I.Biographical Introduction,born in San Francisco in 1874. his mother brought him to New England at his eleven, with which his poetry has always been associated. After graduating from high school in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left to work at old jobs and to write poe

2、try. In 1897, he was accepted as a special student by Harvard but withdrew after two years because of his increasing dislike for academic convention. For the next twelve years, Frost made a minimal living by teaching and farming while continuing to write his poems.,In 1912, he and his family moved t

3、o England, where he found a publisher for his first book of verse, A boys will (1913). Determined to win recognition in his native land, Frost returned to the US and settled on a farm in his native land. By the end of his life he had become a national poet; he received honorary degrees from forty-fo

4、ur colleges and universities and won four Pulitzer Prizes; the United States senate passed resolutions honoring his birthdays and when he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.,II. Main Works,A Boys Will 1913 North of Boston, 1914 Mountain Interval, 191

5、6 New Hampshire 1923 Collected Poems 1930 A Further Range 1936 A Witness Tree 1942 ,III. Frosts View and Theme,His poetry concerns New Englands nature. He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol, so his concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties. His poetry often probes mysterio

6、us of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe. The quest of the solitary person to make sense of the world has become the central theme of all Frosts collections and made his poetry among the most accessible of modern writers. The poetry of Robert Fr

7、ost combined pastoral imagery with solitary philosophical themes.,IV. Frosts Style,rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, used traditional forms such as the blank verse, plain language of rural New Englanders, and a graceful style. there is a steady tone of wry humor, an

8、d a virtually inexhaustible verbal grace. He used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas. As a whole, Frosts art is an act of clarification, which, without simplifying the truth, renders it in some degree accessible to everyone.,Fire and Ice,Fire and Ice (火與冰),Some say the worl

9、d will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what Ive tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.,有人說(shuō)世界將結(jié)束于熊熊烈焰， 有人則說(shuō)結(jié)束于凜凜寒冰。 欲望如火，體會(huì)其烈， 則知世之歸于火為我所愿。 但若其必兩度遭逢毀滅， 我知恨之極至，

10、必然明了，毀滅之冰， 同樣魁偉， 同樣順人心意。,Publication,Fire and Ice first appeared in the December 1920 issue of Harpers. In 1923, it appeared in New Hampshire, a collection of Frosts poems published in New York.,Figures of Speech,Alliteration Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. I hold with those wh

11、o favor fire. Anaphora (首語(yǔ)重復(fù)) Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. Paradox But if it had to perish twice,Dantes Influence,Frost derived inspiration for Fire and Ice from Inferno(地獄), one of the three divisions of Dantes monumental epic poem, The Divine Comedy(神曲). In Inferno, Dante

12、and his guide, the Latin poet Virgil, witness the punishment of souls in hell, constructed in nine circlesone atop the otherin the shape of a cone. Those who committed sins of desire, such as lust and greed, suffer the pain of fire and other tortures. (Lines 3 and 4). These sinners are confined in t

13、he upper circles. Those who committed the sin of betrayal are confined to the bottom circle, the ninth, in a frozen lake. Among them are Judas and Satan. Frosts poem substitutes hatred for betrayal as the cardinal offense that entombs souls in everlasting ice. (Lines 6-9) Frosts poem contains nine l

14、ines, an apparent representation of the nine circles of Dantes hell.,Theme,The central theme of Fire and Ice is that human emotions are destructive when allowed to run amok. They can destroy a person morally, mentally and physically. Not frequently, unbridled emotionssuch as those of Adolf Hitlercan

15、 destroy entire countries and even threaten to destroy civilization itself.,Fire He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. 這是誰(shuí)家的林子，我想我知道，雖說(shuō)他的農(nóng)舍在村子那一頭，他不會(huì)卻看到我停留在這兒，望著他的林子積雪有多厚。,Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林邊小駐,My little horse must think it queer To stop without

16、a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. 我那小馬一定會(huì)感到奇怪：停留在這兒？又沒(méi)村舍在鄰近夾在一座森林和一片冰湖之間，在這一年中最昏暗的黃昏。,He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sounds the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. 他把他胸前的掛鈴一搖，想問(wèn)問(wèn)到底有沒(méi)有弄錯(cuò)路線。此外只聽(tīng)得一陣微風(fēng)吹

17、過(guò)，和一陣鵝毛似的雪片卷過(guò)。,The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. And miles to go before I sleep. 樹(shù)林真可愛(ài)，幽暗而深遠(yuǎn)。可是我還得趕赴約會(huì)，還得趕好幾里路才能安睡，還得趕好幾里路才能安睡。,Background,This poem was written in 1922 by Robert Frost, and published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume.

18、 Frost wrote this poem about winter in June, 1922. He had been up the entire night writing the long poem New Hampshire and had finally finished when he realized morning had come. He went out to view the sunrise and suddenly got the idea for Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He wrote the new poem

19、 in just a few minutes and later stated that It was as if Id had a hallucination. This was Frosts favorite of his own poems and in a letter to Louis Untermeyer he called it my best bid for remembrance.,Symbols,Promises our responsibilities that we must fulfill. Miles - experience we must travel thro

20、ugh before death Sleep - death Village - human world The owner - human order from which the speaker is shortly separated,Theme,The poem is primarily oriented towards the pleasure of the scene and the responsibilities of life. The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods sil

21、ently filled up with the coldness of snow. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern people.,The Road Not Taken,Robert For

22、est,Background,The Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost, published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval; it is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The title is often mistakenly given as The Road Less Traveled, from the penultimate line: I took the one less traveled by.

23、,Rhyme,This poem consists of four stanzas of five lines. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB. the rhymes are strict and masculine, with notable exception of the last line. There are four stressed syllables each line, varying on iambic(抑揚(yáng)格，指由一短一長(zhǎng)或一輕一重的兩音節(jié)組成的音步）tetrameter (四步抑揚(yáng)格) base.,Two Different Interpretat

24、ions,The poem has two recognized interpretations; one is a more literal interpretation, while the other is more ironic. Literal interpretation According to the literal (and more common) interpretation, the poem is inspirational, a paean（贊美歌） to individualism and non-conformism（不墨守成規(guī)）. Ironic interpr

25、etation The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.,The Road Not Taken,TworoadsdivergedinayellowwoodAndsorryIcouldnottravelboth Andbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould Towhereitben

26、tintheundergrowth Thentooktheother,asjustasfair Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear Thoughasforthatthepassingthere Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,黃色的樹(shù)林里分出兩條路 可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足 我在那路口久久佇立 我向著一條路極目望去 但我卻選擇了另外一條路 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂 顯得更誘人，更美麗 雖然在這兩條小路上 都很少留下旅人的足跡 雖然那天清晨落葉滿地,Andboththatmorninge

27、quallylay Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback / Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh Somewhereagesandageshence Tworoadsdivergedinawood andIItooktheonelesstraveledby Andthathasmadeallthedifference,兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染 呵，留下一條路等改日再見(jiàn) 但我知道路

28、徑延綿無(wú)盡頭 恐怕我難以再回返 也許多少年后在某一個(gè)地方 我將輕聲嘆息把往事回顧 一片森林里分出兩條路 而我卻選擇了人跡更少的一條 從此決定了我一生的道路.,Literary Devices Metaphor,The poem revolves around the metaphor comparing the decisions we make on the journey of life to a fork in the road. Just as we must decide which road to take when traveling in order to arrive at

29、a location, we must make decisions in life that will greatly impact our destination.,Literary Devices Symbolism,“Yellow” - The yellow coloring of the woods is representative of the light, hope, and promise that the speaker is standing before. His future is bright and stretches before him. Though bot

30、h paths are equally lit, he must choose only one.,“Woods” - The poem is set in the woods because we get an image of a quiet, deserted place where the speaker is left alone to decide. There are no road signs or people to stop and ask for directions. Similarly, there are no signs in life designed to h

31、elp people choose their path.,“Roads” - The roads are symbolic of the paths we take in life. Every road leads to a specific place and the nature of ones destination depends entirely on the decisions that are made. We dont just arrive at a location; we make a series of choices that lead us there.,The

32、me,The poem has been and continues to be used as an inspirational poem, one that to the undiscerning eye seems to be encouraging self-reliance, not following where others have led. But a close reading of the poem proves otherwise. It does not moralize about choice; it simply says that choice is inev

33、itable, but you never know what your choice will mean until you have lived it.,A Tricky Poem,Frost claims that he wrote this poem about his friend Edward Thomas, with whom he had walked many times in the woods near London. Frost has said that while walking they would come to different paths and afte

34、r choosing one, Thomas would always fret wondering what they might have missed by not taking the other path. About the poem, Frost asserted, You have to be careful of that one; its a tricky poem - very tricky.,First Stanza Describes Situation,The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, t

35、he speaker describes his position. He has been out walking the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could to that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decis

36、ion about which road to take.,Second Stanza Decides to Take Less-Traveled Road,The speaker had looked down the first one “to where it bent in the undergrowth,” and in the second stanza, he reports that he decided to take the other path, because it seemed to have less traffic than the first. But then

37、 he goes on to say that they actually were very similarly worn. The second one that he took seems less traveled, but as he thinks about it, he realizes that they were “really about the same.”,Third Stanza Continues Description of Roads,The third stanza continues with the cogitation (深思) about the possib