名詞性從句完整版

1、名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí),考綱解讀,從出題者的角度，就是要考察名詞性從句中的語序以及引導(dǎo)詞之間的區(qū)別。有時候，會結(jié)合插入語或名詞與同位語隔開，或使句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化等使得難度增加。其實，總的難度和變化都不大。但是從考生的角度來說，如果考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不過硬，對某些詞或詞組的用法不了解，就會容易造成和定語從句、狀語從句的混淆，造成根本環(huán)節(jié)的誤判而用其他從句的規(guī)則去解題。造成丟分。,名詞性從句的種類 名詞性從句即由連接詞引導(dǎo)、起名詞作用的 從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和 同位語從句。 主語從句（在主句中作主語） Who will win the game is not known. 賓語從句（在主句

2、中作賓語） Nobody knows who will win the game. 表語從句（在主句中作表語） My question is who will win the game. 同位語從句（在主句中作同位語） I have no idea who will win the game.,名詞性從句的連接詞 連接詞即引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，包括 連詞、連接代詞、連接副詞。 連詞：僅起連接作用，不作句子成分。 連接代詞：可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。 連接副詞：只作狀語。,連詞：引導(dǎo)從句但不作任何成分。 that沒有意義，引導(dǎo)主/賓/表/同位語從句。 It is said that ther

3、e will be a party tonight. They say (that) there will be a party tonight. Why he failed was that he made a vital mistake. The key that he succeeded lied in his hard work. if是否，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，主語從句。 whether是否，引導(dǎo)主/賓/表/同位語從句。 I doubt if/whether you can pass the test. Whether well go camping depends on the weath

4、er. My doubt is whether you can pass the test. I have no idea whether you can pass the test.,as if/though好像，似乎，引導(dǎo)表語從句。 because因為，引導(dǎo)表語從句。 The old lady looks as if she were a young girl. His failure was because he didnt work hard enough. 連接代詞：引導(dǎo)從句并作從句的句子成分。 who誰(主格)，用于人，作主/賓/表語。 whom誰(賓格)，用于人，僅作賓語。 Wh

5、o will do the job hasnt been decided.(主語) Would you tell me who/whom youll vote for?(賓語) Can you tell me who the pretty girl is?(表語),whose誰的，用于人，作表/定語。 Please tell me whose the bike is.(表語) I dont know whose bike it is.(定語) which哪個/些，用于人或物，作主/賓/表/定語。 what什么， 用來指事物，作主/賓/表/定語。 Please tell me what spor

6、t you like best.(定語) I wonder which of you can solve the problem.(主語) Id like to know what your father is.(表語) whoever 作主/賓/表語 whomever 僅作賓語 whichever 作主/賓/表/定語 whatever 作主/賓/表/定語,Whatever he said was right. Ill take whoever wants to go. Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. You can giv

7、e the ticket to whomever you like.,連接副詞：引導(dǎo)從句并作從句的狀語 when表示時間 where表示地點 why表示原因 how表示方式 When well have a meeting is not decided. I dont know where I can buy such a book . Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. The question is how we should carry out the plan.,注意： Whenever,however,wherever很少引導(dǎo)名詞性

8、從句，因為when，where，how本來都是副詞性質(zhì)的，相對而言whoever，whatever，whichever可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句的. whenever一般引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句和讓步狀語從句 wherever一般引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句和讓步狀語從句 however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 eg.Wherever he goes makes his parents worry. ( 主語從句),如何選用連接詞？ 用法規(guī)則: 先根據(jù)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)確定用哪種連接詞，從句 不缺成分用連詞，缺主語、賓語、表語、定語用 連接代詞，缺狀語用連接副詞，再根據(jù)從句意思 確定用哪個連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞。 用法口訣： 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)定

9、詞類，根據(jù)意思再核對， 不缺成分用連詞，主賓表定用代詞， 狀語必須用副詞，詞法成分要斟酌， 具體該用哪一個，可依句意來定奪。,一主語從句,主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,eg.1. That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 2 It was a pity that you failed in the exam.,用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu),Itbe名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wo

10、nder等)that從句 eg. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture. (2)It +be+形容詞(necessary/natural/wonderful/likely/strange/important/certain等)that從句 eg.It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam. (3) It+不及物動詞that從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 I

11、t occurred to me that 我突然想起 (4) It be+過去分詞 從句 It is reported/said/hoped /believed that It is suggested /required/requested/ordered/demanded that,【注意】在以下主語從句中，常使用虛擬語氣，即“should動詞原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。 It is necessary/strange/important/natural /impossible etc.that . It is a pity /a shame/no wonder that .

12、 It is suggested(建議)/requested/required/proposed/desired (要求)/demanded/insisted(堅決要求)/orderedthat .,15,主語從句中應(yīng)注意的問題 1）主語從句在句首時，必須由連接詞引 導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞。 誤： The college will get in more new students this year is ture. 正：That the college will get in more new students this year is ture. 2)如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，

13、但是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導(dǎo).,誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if /whether Mary really heard him.,二賓語從句,賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。,1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 作及物動詞的賓語。 She did not know what had happened.

14、I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (2) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介詞的賓語 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語： anxious, aware, certai

15、n, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾。,.,可運(yùn)用it做形式賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)有： .動詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置，結(jié)構(gòu)：S.

16、+vt+it+adj./n.+that從句。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. .有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it，這類動詞主要是：hate,like,see to(務(wù)必使)depend on(指望,相信) I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food. You can depend on it that su

17、ch a boring thing will never happen again.,賓語從句應(yīng)注意的問題： 1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that 通?？梢允÷? 例如： I heard (that) he joined the army. 但在下面情況下，that不能省略。 (1)當(dāng)一個句子有兩個或多個并列賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第二個及其以后的賓語從句中的that不能省略。 eg.He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me. (2)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時。 eg.The reason lies in that she works

18、 harder than the others. (3)由it作形式賓語時，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that不可省略。 eg.I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.,2. If whether都能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但在下面情況下，只能用whether，不能用if。 1. 與or not連用。 I didnt know whether he had arrived in Beijing or not. 2. 作介詞賓語時。 I havent settled the question of whe

19、ther Ill go back home. 3.后接動詞不定式時。 I dont know whether to go to the party.,3. 賓語從句中否定的轉(zhuǎn)移,若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，并且主句的主語為第一人稱，用于一般現(xiàn)在時，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。,4 賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),1.當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從

20、句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。 I know (that) he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時） I know (that) he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時） I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時） I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）,2.當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的

21、是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 Mary told me that Tom had left us for America Our teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth.,5 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 (1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為“suggest(建議)，propose，advise，insist (堅決要求)，order，demand，require，request， desire等表示“建議”、“命令”、“請求”和“要求”的動詞時，其后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣“should+動詞原形”(在美國英語中 shoul

22、d省略)。例如： I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight We advise that steps(should)be taken at once. They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once.,(2) wish接賓語從句有三種情況: 1) 若表示現(xiàn)在:動詞用過去式；2) 若表示過去:動詞用過去完成式(had done)；3) 若表示將來:用情態(tài)動詞(would/could) +do 例句:. I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕三十歲.

23、 I wish (that) you would get a good job.但愿你能找到一個好職業(yè). He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他沒這樣做該多好. (3) 在would rather(寧愿)引導(dǎo)的的賓語從句中： 該句型表示“寧愿、寧可”，語氣較為委婉。當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間時，謂語動詞要用一般過去時；表示過去時間時，要用過去完成時。 eg. Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. (將來) Id rather we had a rest now .(現(xiàn)在) Id rather yo

24、u hadnt told him the news that day. (過去),三表語從句,表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的還有the reason why .is that 和It is because . Thats why.等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) This is why we cant get the support of the people. 2) But the fact remains that we are behind the oth

25、er classes. 3) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 注意： 當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。,表語從句中應(yīng)注意的問題,1.that 引導(dǎo)表語從句,無詞義,只起連接作用,不可省。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 2.whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 What we want to know is whether he will come to speak

26、to us tomorrow. 3.That is why譯為“那就是的原因”。 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中做表語，該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)。 That is why I was late for school. 區(qū)別：That is why 與That is the reason why 同義，只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，前者中的why引導(dǎo)表語從句，后者中的why引導(dǎo)定語從句。,That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。,That is because 句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此做表語，

27、意為“這就是為什么/因為”。 That is because 指原因或理由。 That is why 指由于各種原因所造成的后果。 He didnt see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.,4.表語從句中的虛擬語氣 (1)英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision,

28、 idea, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, 充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句時，表語從句須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動詞原形。 His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.,(2)as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句，其有可能使用陳述

29、語氣，也有可能使用虛擬語氣。關(guān)鍵是看其從句所表達(dá)的動作是否是真實的。如果明顯不符合實際情況，才會用虛擬語氣。如果是真實情況，則不必使用虛擬語氣，用陳述語氣即可。 如：Look at the clouds.It seems as if it is going to rain. (事實) as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句，方式狀語從句使用虛擬語氣的 情況： 1）從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前,則從句使用過去完成時.如：The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.2）從句動作和主句動作同時進(jìn)行,則從句使用一般過

30、去時.如：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.3）從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后,則從句使用would/could+動詞原形.如：It seemed as if the night would never end. 夜似乎沒有盡頭.,四同位語從句,1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從所解釋說明的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、proble

31、m、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word，thought等 1) Word came that our team won the game. 2) I have no idea when he will come back home. 2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。,3. 同位語從句與

32、定語從句的區(qū)別,(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時又在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。,(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told b